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In medicine, pulmonology (aka pneumology) is the specialty that deals with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions and can be deadly lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive In humans the respiratory tract is the part of the Anatomy that has to do with the process of respiration. It is called chest medicine and respiratory medicine in some countries and areas. Pulmonology is generally considered a branch of internal medicine, although it is closely related to intensive care medicine when dealing with patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Internal medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases Intensive Care Medicine or critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the provision of Life support or organ support systems in patients In Medicine, mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing when patients cannot do so on their own Surgery of the respiratory tract is generally performed by specialists in cardiothoracic surgery (or thoracic surgery). Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental Cardiothoracic surgery is the field of Medicine involved in surgical treatment of Diseases affecting organs inside the Thorax (the chest Thoracic surgery is the field of Medicine involved in the surgical treatment of Diseases affecting organs inside the Thorax (the chest excluding Chest medicine is not a specialty in itself but is an inclusive term which pertains to the treatment of diseases of the chest and contains the fields of pulmonology, thoracic surgery, and intensive care medicine. Intensive Care Medicine or critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the provision of Life support or organ support systems in patients Pulmonology is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases, as well as secondary prevention (tuberculosis). lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common Physicians specializing in this area are called pulmonologists.

Contents

Diagnosis

In medicine, 50% of all diagnoses can be made by a thorough medical history, and lung diseases are no different. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the The pulmonologist will conduct a general review and focus on:

Physical diagnostics are as important as in the other fields of medicine. Cystic fibrosis (also known as CF, mucoviscoidosis, or mucoviscidosis) is a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine (mucus glands of the lungs Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency ( α1-antitrypsin deficiency, A1AD or Alpha-1) is a Genetic disorder caused by defective production of Alpha A toxin ( Greek:, toxikon, lit (poison for use on arrows is a Poisonous substance produced by living cells or organisms that is active at very low Tobacco Smoking is the inhalation of smoke from burned dried or cured leaves of the Tobacco plant most often in the form of a Cigarette. Asbestos is a group of Minerals with long thin fibrous Crystals The word "asbestos" (῾ἀσβεστος is derived from a Greek adjective Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. An infectious disease is a clinically evident Disease resulting from the presence of Pathogenic microbial agents including Pathogenic viruses Pathogenic Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Autoimmunity is the failure of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts as self, which results in an immune response against its own cells and tissues Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, also known as cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, is a Chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease with an unknown In Medicine, pulmonary hypertension (PH is an increase in blood pressure in the Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries together known Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the

As many heart diseases can give pulmonary signs, a thorough cardiac investigation is usually included. Cardiology (from Greek grc καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and grc -λογία -logia) is the branch of Internal medicine

Other tools include:

Treatment

Surgical treatment in generally performed by the (cardio)thoracic surgeon, generally after primary evaluation by a pulmonologist. Spirometry (meaning the measuring of breath) is the most common of the Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs measuring Lung function specifically the measurement Lung volumes refers to physical differences in lung volume while lung capacities represent different combinations of lung volumes usually in relation to inhalation and exhalation A bronchodilator is a substance that dilates the bronchi and Bronchioles decreasing airway resistance and thereby facilitating airflow Diffusion is the net movement of particles (typically molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration by uncoordinated random movement Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO is a colorless odorless tasteless yet highly toxic Gas. Bronchoscopy is a technique of visualising the inside of the Airways An instrument Bronchoscope is inserted into the Airways usually through Bronchoalveolar Lavage ( BAL) is a medical procedure in which a bronchoscope is passed through the Mouth or nose into the Lungs A biopsy (in Greek: βίος life and όψη look/appearance is a Medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues In biology and medicine epithelium is a tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation. Computed tomography (CT is a Medical imaging method employing Tomography. Nuclear medicine is a branch of Medicine and Medical imaging that uses the nuclear properties of matter in diagnosis and therapy Nuclear medicine is a branch of Medicine and Medical imaging that uses the nuclear properties of matter in diagnosis and therapy Positron emission tomography ( PET) is a Nuclear medicine imaging technique which produces a three-dimensional image or map of functional processes in the Lung cancer is a Disease of uncontrolled Cell growth in tissues of the Lung. Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental Cardiothoracic surgery is the field of Medicine involved in surgical treatment of Diseases affecting organs inside the Thorax (the chest Thoracic surgery is the field of Medicine involved in the surgical treatment of Diseases affecting organs inside the Thorax (the chest excluding

Medication is the most important treatment of most diseases of pulmonology, either by inhalation (bronchodilators and steroids) or in oral form (antibiotics, leukotriene antagonists). Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease A bronchodilator is a substance that dilates the bronchi and Bronchioles decreasing airway resistance and thereby facilitating airflow A steroid is a Terpenoid Lipid characterized by a Carbon skeleton with four fused rings generally arranged in a 6-6-6-5 fashion In modern usage an antibiotic is a Chemotherapeutic agent with activity against Microorganisms such as Bacteria, fungi or Protozoa A leukotriene antagonist is a Hormone antagonist acting upon Leukotrienes It has been demonstrated that leukotrienes are implicated in Bronchoconstriction

Oxygen therapy is often necessary in severe respiratory disease (emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis). Oxygen therapy is the administration of Oxygen as a therapeutic modality Emphysema is a chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease ( COPD) formerly termed a chronic obstructive Lung disease (COLD Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, also known as cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, is a Chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease with an unknown When this is insufficient, the patient might require mechanical ventilation. In Medicine, mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing when patients cannot do so on their own

Training

In the United States, pulmonologists are physicians who, after receiving a medical degree MD or DO, complete residency training in internal medicine (3 years), followed by at least 2 additional years of subspeciality fellowship training in pulmonology. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Doctor of Medicine ( MD or MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine" is a doctoral Most pulmonologists complete 3 years of combined subspecialty fellowship training in pulmonary medicine and critical care medicine.

In the United States, pediatric pulmonologists are physicians who, after receiving a medical degree MD or DO, complete residency training in pediatrics (3 years), followed by at least 3 additional years of subspeciality fellowship training in pulmonology. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Doctor of Medicine ( MD or MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine" is a doctoral

Diseases managed by the pulmonologist

Scientific research

Pulmonologists are involved in both clinical and basic research of the respiratory system, ranging from the anatomy of the bronchial epithelium to the most effective treatment of pulmonary hypertension (a disease notoriously resistant to therapy). In Medicine, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ( ABPA) is a condition characterised by an exaggerated response of the Immune system (a hypersensitivity Asthma is a chronic Condition involving the Respiratory system in which the airways occasionally constrict become inflamed, and are Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) is a Disease of the lungs in which the Airways become narrowed Bronchitis is an Inflammation of the bronchi (medium-size airways in the Lungs Acute bronchitis is usually caused by Viruses Emphysema is a chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease ( COPD) formerly termed a chronic obstructive Lung disease (COLD Cystic fibrosis (also known as CF, mucoviscoidosis, or mucoviscidosis) is a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine (mucus glands of the lungs Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics) is the branch of Medicine that deals with the medical care of Infants Children and Adolescents Lung cancer is a Disease of uncontrolled Cell growth in tissues of the Lung. Pneumoconiosis is an Occupational lung disease caused by the Inhalation of dust Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal In Medicine ( Pulmonology) psittacosis &mdash also known as parrot disease, parrot fever, and ornithosis &mdash is a zoonotic Pulmonary embolism (PE is a blockage of the Pulmonary artery or one of its branches usually occurring when a venous Thrombus (blood clot from a vein Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, also known as cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, is a Chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease with an unknown In Medicine, pulmonary hypertension (PH is an increase in blood pressure in the Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries together known A pulmonary sequestration, also known as a bronchopulmonary sequestration or a cystic lung lesion, is a medical condition where a piece of tissue that develops into Sarcoidosis, also called sarcoid (from the Greek sarx, meaning "flesh" or Besnier-Boeck disease, is an immune system disorder characterized Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in Breathing during Sleep. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common In living organisms a respiratory system functions to allow Gas exchange. In Medicine, pulmonary hypertension (PH is an increase in blood pressure in the Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries together known

References

Dictionary

pulmonology

-noun

  1. (medicine) The branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract
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