Pueblos are traditional communities of Native Americans in the southwestern United States of America. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The communities are recognized worldwide for adobe buildings, which are sometimes called "pueblos," although some pueblos only have a few of these buildings still standing. Adobe bricks are a Natural building material made from Sand, Clay, water and some kind of fibrous or Organic material ( Sticks,
Etymology and usage
The Castilian word pueblo, evolved from the Latin word populus ("people"), means "village". An English Noun The English noun people has two distinct fields of application as a countable noun, a group of Humans
On the central Spanish meseta the unit of settlement was and is the pueblo; that is to say, the large nucleated village surrounded by its own fields, with no outlying farms, separated from its neighbours by some considerable distance, sometimes as much as ten miles or so. The demands of agrarian routine and the need for defense, the simple desire for human society in the vast solitude of the plains,dictated that it should be so. Nowadays the pueblo might have a population running into thousands. Doubtless they were smaller in the early middle ages, but we should probably not be far wrong if we think of them as having had populations of some hundreds. [1]
Of the federally recognized Native American communities in the Southwest, those designated by the King of Spain as Pueblos at the time treaties ceded Spanish territory to the United States are now legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as Pueblos. History Although the bureau which was called the Office of Indian Affairs was formed in 1824 similar agencies had existed in the U Some of the Pueblos also came into the United States by treaty with Mexico, which briefly gained jurisdiction over territory in the Southwest ceded by Spain. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. There are 21 federally recognized Pueblos[2] that are home to Pueblo people. The Pueblo people are a Native American people in the Southwestern United States. As listed by their official federal names:
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Historic places
Pre-Columbian towns and villages, which of course were not yet called pueblos, were located in defensive positions, for example, on high steep mesas such as Acoma. The Hopi are Native American people who primarily live on the 12635 km² (2531 Ohkay Owingeh (ˈokɛ oˈwiŋɛ is a Pueblo in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States, 25 miles (40 km Oldest buildings in America Acoma Pueblo (ˈækəmə Western Keresan: Aa'ku; Zuni: Hakukya) Haak'ooh in Navajo, also Cochiti (ˈkoʊtʃəti Eastern Keresan Kotyit) is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States Jemez Pueblo ( Towa: Walatowa, ˈheɪməs is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States Isleta Pueblo is a Tanoan Pueblo in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States, originally established around the 1300s Laguna Pueblo or Pueblo of Laguna ( Western Keres: Kawaik) is a Native American tribe of the Pueblo people in west-central New Mexico USA Nambé Pueblo ( Tewa: Nambee, ˈnɑːmbeɪ is a Pueblo in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. Picuris Pueblo ( Tiwa: P'iwwel, pɪkəˈriːs is a Census-designated place (CDP in Taos County, New Mexico, United States Pojoaque ( Tewa: Posunwange, pəˈwɑːki is a Census-designated place (CDP in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States San Felipe Pueblo ( Eastern Keres: Katstya) is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States San Ildefonso Pueblo ( Tewa: Pohwoge) is a Census-designated place (CDP in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. Sandia Pueblo (sænˈdiːə is a tribe of Native American Pueblo people inhabiting a 101 Santa Ana Pueblo ( Eastern Keres: Tamaiya) is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States Santa Clara Pueblo ( Tewa: Ka'po) is a Census-designated place (CDP in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States Santo Domingo Pueblo ( Eastern Keres: Kewa) is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sandoval County, New Mexico, in the United States Taos Pueblo (or Pueblo de Taos) is an ancient Pueblo belonging to a Taos ( Northern Tiwa) speaking Native American tribe of Tesuque ( Tewa: Tetsuge, təˈsuːki is a Census-designated place (CDP in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. Zia Pueblo ( Eastern Keres: Tsi'ya, Spanish: Zía Pueblo) is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sandoval County, New Ysleta del Sur Pueblo (also Tigua Pueblo) is a Puebloan Native American tribal entity outside El Paso Texas, comprising Southern Tiwa The Zuni (also spelled Zuñi by the Spanish and in early 20th Century ethnological texts or Ashiwi (as the Zuni refer to themselves in their own The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences A mesa ( Spanish, Portuguese and Arabic for "table" is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs Oldest buildings in America Acoma Pueblo (ˈækəmə Western Keresan: Aa'ku; Zuni: Hakukya) Haak'ooh in Navajo, also Anthropologists and official documents often refer to earlier residents of the area as pueblo cultures. For example, the National Park Service states, "The Late Puebloan cultures built the large, integrated villages found by the Spaniards when they began to move into the area. "[3] The people of some pueblos, such as Taos Pueblo, still inhabit centuries old adobe pueblo buildings. Taos Pueblo (or Pueblo de Taos) is an ancient Pueblo belonging to a Taos ( Northern Tiwa) speaking Native American tribe of [4] Residents often maintain other homes outside the historic pueblos. [4] Adobe and light construction methods resembling adobe now dominate architecture at the many pueblos of the area, in nearby towns or cities and in much of the American Southwest. The Southwestern area of the United States could be defined as the states west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit such as the 37 [5]
In addition to the contemporary pueblos there are numerous ruins of archeological interest throughout the Southwest, some of relatively recent origin, others of prehistoric origin such as the cliff dwellings and other habitations of the Ancient Pueblo Peoples or Anasazi. This article is about ruins in Architecture; for other meanings see Ruins (disambiguation. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Cliff dwelling is the general archaeological term for the habitations of primitive peoples formed by utilizing niches or Caves in high cliffs with more or less excavation The term habitat comes from Ecology, and includes many interrelated features especially the immediate physical environment, the Urban environment or the "Anasazi" directs here For the X-Files episode see Anasazi (The X-Files. [6]
Notes
- ^ Fletcher, Richard A. (1984) Saint James's Catapult: the life and times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, ISBN 0-19-822581-4 (on-line text, ch. 1)
- ^ "Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs; Notice" Federal Register 12 July 2002, Part IV, Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs
- ^ "The Origins of the Salinas Pueblos" in Chapter 2 of "In the Midst of a Loneliness": The Architectural History of the Salinas Missions US National Parks Service
- ^ a b Gibson, Daniel (2001) Pueblos of the Rio Grande: A Visitor's Guide Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, Arizona, p. 78, ISBN 1-887896-26-0
- ^ Paradis, Thomas W. (2003) "Pueblo Revival Architecture" Dept. of Geography, Planning and Recreation, Northern Arizona University
- ^ Gibson, Daniel (2001) "Pueblo History" Pueblos of the Rio Grande: A Visitor's Guide Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, Arizona, p. 3-4, ISBN 1-887896-26-0
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