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A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Unlike Public universities, private universities generally do not receive direct operational funding from national or subnational governments and thus rely on private A national university may or may not be considered a public university, depending on regions. A national university is a University created or run by a national government and may not be autonomous from Government interference

In some regions of the world prominent public institutions are highly influential centres of research; many of these universities are ranked among the world's best in the THES - QS World University Rankings and the Academic Ranking of World Universities. The THES - QS World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings around the world published by The Times Higher Education Supplement (THES The Academic Ranking of World Universities is compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University ’s Institute of Higher Education and includes major institutes of higher education ranked In other regions, for instance, Japan, public universities tend to be less competitive and less prestigious than some of national and private universities.

Contents

Public universities worldwide

Australia

In Australia, the majority of universities are public. There are 38 public universities and four private universities. The private universities are Bond University, the University of Notre Dame Australia (both Australian), and the two foreign universities, Carnegie Mellon University (USA) and Cranfield University (UK), both have campuses in Adelaide. Bond University is a private University located in Robina, Queensland, Australia. The University of Notre Dame Australia (UNDA is a private Roman Catholic University established in 1990 in the Western Australian port Carnegie Mellon University (also known as CMU) is a private Research University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United Cranfield University is a British postgraduate University based on two Campuses with a research-oriented focus Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a

Australia's public universities are variously grouped:

There are also a number of ungrouped universities.

New Zealand

In New Zealand, all universities are public. The oldest (University of Otago) was established by Provincial Ordinance, the next six were established by individual Acts of Parliament, and one (Auckland University of Technology) established by the currently preferred method, an Order-in-Council under the Education Act 1989. The University of Otago ( Te Whare Wānanga o Otāgo) in Dunedin is New Zealand 's oldest university with over 20000 students enrolled during Provinces in New Zealand were used from 1841 until the Abolition of the Provinces Act came into force on November 1, 1876. The Parliament of New Zealand consists of the Queen of New Zealand and the New Zealand House of Representatives and until 1951 the New Zealand Legislative Council The Auckland University of Technology (AUT (Te Wananga Aronui o Tāmaki Makau Rau is the newest University in New Zealand.

Europe

Private universities exist since 1999, but they still need an accreditation by the state.

Higher education in Poland provided by Public Universities is totally free, for everyone, e. g. Polish Citizens, EU-Citizens, and non-EU like Ukrainians, Russians or Japanese, etc. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Polish Government pays all money for tuition, and other costs of education of students. There is also Large number of Private Universities, but they are providing lower quality of education, and they need tuition fees be paid. Most of Private Universities are small Diploma Mills, where are studying those people who didn't get to the Public Universities. A diploma mill (also known as a degree mill) is an organization that awards Academic degrees and Diplomas with substandard or no academic study and without

It's more difficult to get to the Public University than Private, because knowledge level of candidates in Public Universities is higher. Although lot's of teachers (Professors) from Public Universities, are working at the Private Universities, it's their additional work, this way they gets some extra money.

There are also Private Universities, which are totally free of costs, like John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, which was founded in 1918, and is property of Polish Roman Catholic Church Episcopacy, but Polish Government pays all costs of studying there. John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (in Polish Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, or KUL) is located in Lublin Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Episcopal polity is a form of church governance which is hierarchical in structure with the chief authority over a local Christian church resting in a Bishop (Greek


Central America

In Costa Rica the Universidad de Costa Rica, the Universidad Nacional, the Universidad Estatal a Distancia and the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, all public universities, are among the nations most prestigious institutions. Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in University of Costa Rica (in Spanish Universidad de Costa Rica abbreviated UCR) is a public university in the Republic of Costa Rica, in The Costa Rica Institute of Technology or Technological Institute of Costa Rica ( Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica) also known as "ITCR" or "TEC" Nevertheless, the UN-sponsored University for Peace and the INCAE Business School (with campuses in Nicaragua and Costa Rica), are to be taken note of. Instituto Centroamericano de Administracion de Empresas ( English: Central American Institute of Business Administration INCAE is a Business school Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America

South America

In Argentina the National Universities, also called "Public or State-run Universities", is the name used to refer to all those institutions whose creation arose from the enactment of a National Congress Act, except for those whose creation preceded that of the state itself (as is the case of the National University of Cordoba and the University of Buenos Aires). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. A national university is a University created or run by a national government and may not be autonomous from Government interference The University of Buenos Aires (in Spanish Universidad de Buenos Aires - ( UBA) is the largest University in Argentina, founded on August They lie as Public Law legal entities and their regular operation funding comes from the national state, pursuant to what is set out on the annual national budget act.

National universities hold the largest share of the entire Argentine university system: counting over 80% of the undergraduate population and with campuses stretched throughout to all provinces comprising the national territory, they account for over 50% of the country's scientific research while additionally providing technical assistance to both the public and private sectors. The role played for those was widely important in the Argentine Academic history more over by mentioning the fact that the first Latin American and Argentine Nobel Laureate comes from a National University. Bernardo Alberto Houssay ( April 10, 1887 &ndash September 21, 1971) was an Argentine Physiologist who in 1947 with

In Peru, the admission test required to enter national (public) universities requires higher scores. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. The public opinion sees this from the four century old National University of San Marcos, that it has seen as the most respected public education institution in the country. Major National University of Saint Mark (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos UNMSM is a public university in Lima, Peru. Also many other public universities follow the same rigurosity pattern used at Saint Mark's university, like National Agrarian University and the National University of Engineering. La Molina National Agrarian University (Spanish Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina) ( UNALM) is a state-owned University in Lima, The National University of Engineering (Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería UNI) is a public Engineering and Science university located in Lima

Brazil

UFPR - Federal University of Parana, in Curitiba
UFPR - Federal University of Parana, in Curitiba

In Brazil, the most renowned universities are public, as the São Paulo State University (UNESP), the University of São Paulo (USP), the State University of Campinas (Unicamp), the Rio de Janeiro State University(UERJ), the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Fundation University of Rio Grande (FURG), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Federal University of Parana (UFPr), Federal University of Bahia (UFBa), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), University of Brasilia (UnB), Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal University of Goias (UFG), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and more and more. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The University of São Paulo (in Portuguese Universidade de São Paulo; USP) is one of the three public universities funded by the State of São Paulo. The University of São Paulo (in Portuguese Universidade de São Paulo; USP) is one of the three public universities funded by the State of São Paulo. Universidade Estadual de Campinas (State University of Campinas short Unicamp, is one of the public universities of the State of São Paulo, The Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar was created in 1968 and is located in São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as in Araras UNIFESP ( Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Federal University of São Paulo (also called Escola Paulista de Medicina - School of Medicine of São Paulo is a University The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul ( Portuguese Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS abbreviated is among the largest federal The Federal University of Uberlândia (in Portuguese Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; UFU) is the top high education institution in the southwest of The University of Brasília (in Portuguese: Universidade de Brasília, known simply as UnB) is one of the largest and one of the most prestigious Universidade Federal de Goiás (in English: Federal University of Goiás) is one of the major and most important public universities of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (in Portuguese Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC) is a public university located at Florianópolis

The biggest state-wide institutions are sponsored by the Parana State. Other meanings Paraná Argentina, Paraná River Paraná (paɾaˈna is one of the states of Brazil, The southern state is responsible for five major universities and other colleges. The schools are the Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG), Londrina State University (UEL}, Maringa State University (UEM), Parana's Center State University (Unicentro) and Parana's West State University (Unioeste). Ponta Grossa State University ("Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa" in Portuguese is one of the five public state-sponsored universities in Paraná state Universidade Estadual de Londrina (abbreviated UEL State University of Londrina is one of the public universities of the State of Paraná, Brazil. The State University of Maringá (UEM was founded in 1970 and recognized in 1976 by the Federal Government of Brazil.

North America

Canada

See also: Universities in Canada

In Canada, education is a constitutional responsibility of the individual provinces. The Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC is an organisation that groups Canada's universities Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada; the country's Constitution is an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Most universities are established and operated under provincial legislation, but a few of the oldest were founded by Royal Charter. A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company All major Canadian universities are publicly-funded but maintain institutional autonomy, with the ability to decide on admission, tuition and governance.

The Group of Thirteen is an organization of the country's thirteen leading research-intensive universities. The Group of Thirteen, more commonly referred to as the G13 (or G-13) is a group of leading research-intensive universities in Canada. Additionally, McGill University and the University of Toronto are members of the Association of American Universities, along with sixty public and private institutions in the United States. This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus The Association of American Universities (AAU is an Organization of leading research universities devoted to maintaining a strong system of academic Research The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Private universities in Canada are relatively new and mostly exist at the undergraduate level. In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree.

Mexico

See also: List of universities in Mexico

In Mexico, the UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico), sometimes simply known as the "National University of Mexico", was founded in 1551. A listing of universities in Mexico: Public Institutions Universities Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN It is the largest University in the country and one of the largest in the world with over 250,000 students including all its system of high-schools. By percentage, it contributes the most to the country's academic research and cultural development although there are other significant public institutions such as the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), and the federal state-run universities. The National Polytechnic Institute (in Spanish: Instituto Politécnico Nacional IPN) is one of the largest and finest public universities

United States

See also: Universities in the United States
Many U.S. public universities began as teacher training institutions and eventually were expanded into comprehensive state universities. One example is the University of North Alabama, formerly Florence State Teachers College, located in Florence, Alabama.
Many U. Higher education in the United States refers to a variety of institutions of Higher education in the United States. S. public universities began as teacher training institutions and eventually were expanded into comprehensive state universities. One example is the University of North Alabama, formerly Florence State Teachers College, located in Florence, Alabama. The University of North Alabama (abbreviated UNA is a Coeducational University located in Florence, Alabama, and the state's oldest four-year

In the United States, most public universities are state universities founded and operated by state government entities; the oldest being The College of William & Mary, founded in 1693. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The College of William and Mary (officially The College of William and Mary in Virginia, also known as William & Mary or W&M) is a Public university Every U. S. state has at least one public university to its name, and the largest states have more than thirty. This is partly as a result of the 1862 Morrill Land-Grant Acts, which gave each eligible state 30,000 acres (120 km²) of federal land to sell to finance public institutions offering courses of study in practical fields in addition to the liberal arts. Many U. S. public universities began as teacher training institutions and eventually were expanded into comprehensive universities. Examples include Missouri State University, formerly Southwest Missouri State Teachers College; Texas State University, formerly Texas State Teachers College; State University of New York at Cortland, formerly Cortland State Teachers College; and the University of North Alabama, formerly Florence State Teachers College. Missouri State University is a State university located in Springfield, Missouri. Texas State University–San Marcos, often referred to as Texas State University, Texas State, or TxState (it actively discourages the use of "TSU" The State University of New York College at Cortland, also called SUNY Cortland, is located in Cortland, New York. The University of North Alabama (abbreviated UNA is a Coeducational University located in Florence, Alabama, and the state's oldest four-year

States generally charge higher tuition to out-of-state students, a practice which the United States Supreme Court has deemed constitutional because the state is acting as a market participant providing a service, rather than protecting a fundamental right. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The term market participant is used in United States Constitutional law to describe a U A fundamental right is a Right that has its origin in a country's Constitution or that is necessarily implied from the terms of that constitution The higher fees are based on the theory that students from the state have contributed to subsidizing the university by paying state taxes, while out-of-state students have not. It has never been determined whether the U.S. Constitution would allow the federal government to establish a federal university system; the only federally chartered universities that currently exist are those under the auspices of the U.S. military, such as West Point. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA,

Historically, most of the prestigious universities in the United States have been private. Some public universities are also highly prestigious and increasingly selective; Richard Moll designated such prestigious public universities Public Ivies. Public Ivy is a term coined by Richard Moll in his 1985 book Public Ivys A Guide to America's best public undergraduate colleges and universities to refer to universities which Public Ivy is a term coined by Richard Moll in his 1985 book Public Ivys A Guide to America's best public undergraduate colleges and universities to refer to universities which At two of those schools, University of Michigan and University of California - Berkeley, vast majority of the departments are consistently ranked top ten, allowing the schools to enjoy prestige similar or higher to that of an Ivy League University. The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley The Ivy League is an Athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. State support of public universities has been declining, forcing many public universities to seek private support. Some professional graduate programs in law, business, and medicine rely almost solely on private funding.

There are also a number of public liberal arts colleges. Liberal arts colleges in the United States are institutions of Higher education in the United States. [1]

The American Public University System is not in fact a public university, but is a for-profit private university geared towards teaching working students in military and civilian public service. The American Public University System (APUS is a private for-profit Online learning higher education organization that comprises the American Military University and American For-profit schools are Educational institutions that are run by private profit-seeking Companies or Organizations, selling education to those who want to Unlike Public universities, private universities generally do not receive direct operational funding from national or subnational governments and thus rely on private

Asia

Bangladesh

Curzon Hall houses the science faculty of the University of Dhaka,Bangladesh
Curzon Hall houses the science faculty of the University of Dhaka,Bangladesh

In Bangladesh there are 26 public universities in operation. Curzon Hall is part of the school of science of the University of Dhaka. The University of Dhaka (commonly referred to as Dhaka University or just DU) ( Bengali: ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় Đhaka ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially [1] Most of them are very famous in indian subcontinat like the University of Dhaka[2] is known as the Oxford of East. The University of Dhaka (commonly referred to as Dhaka University or just DU) ( Bengali: ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় Đhaka Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, The University Grant Commission is the monitoring body for all the public universities in Bangladesh. The Universities shall not deal directly with the government but with the University Grants Commission which in turn shall deal with the government. Recently many private universities are established under the Private University Act 1992.

China

In China, nearly all universities and research institutions are public. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National There are few private undergraduate colleges (mostly engineering schools) sponsored by some private enterprises and the majority of these are not entitled to give bachelor degrees. All important and significant centers for higher education in the country are publicly administered. See List of universities in China for a more comprehensive list. This article is a list of Universities in the People's Republic of China by province (22 autonomous region (5 municipality (4

India

In India, most universities and nearly all research institutions are public. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country There are some private undergraduate colleges (mostly engineering schools) and the majority of these are affiliated to a public university. Few other private colleges are partially-aided by the state and central governments which results in reduced fees for the students. But all important and significant centers for higher education in the country are publicly administered. See List of universities in India for a more comprehensive list. India has both private and public universities India has a large number of universities supported by the Government of India and the state governments.

Israel

There are eight official universities in Israel. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. In addition, there are a few dozen colleges and other institutes of higher learning, as well as about a dozen foreign university extensions. All are academically supervised by the Council for Higher Education in Israel (CHEI). The Council for higher Education in Israel (Hebrew המועצה להשכלה גבוהה was established in 1958 as the superior body which inspects the functioning of Universities and The main difference between a university and a college in Israel is that only a university can issue doctorate degrees. A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement Theoretically, a college can apply to the CHEI to upgrade its status to university.


Japan

Gifu Pharmaceutical University; it is one of municipal universities in Japan.
Gifu Pharmaceutical University; it is one of municipal universities in Japan.
See also: Higher education in Japan

In Japan, public universities refer to schools that are not national universities but are run by local governments, either prefectural or municipal. For a history of higher education in Japan see Education in Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. A national university is a University created or run by a national government and may not be autonomous from Government interference According to the Ministry of Education, public universities have "provided an opportunity for higher education in a region and served the central role of intellectual and cultural base for the local community in the region", and are "expected to contribute to social, economical and cultural development in the region. The, also known as MEXT or Monkashō, is one of the ministries of the Japanese government. "[2]; this contrasts to research-oriented aspects of national universities.

As of April 2006, there were 76 public universities, compared to 87 national and 571 private universities, and 127,872 students attended the schools. The number of the public universities has increased sharply in recent years; in 1980 there were only 34 public universities and in 1993 there were 46. Since July 2003 when the Local Independent Administrative Institutions Law was put into effect, public universities have been allowed to be incorporated. [3] The average tuition in public universities for 2007 fiscal year was 536,238 yen, the average entrance fee 399,351 yen and the average application fee 17,095 yen. [4]

Africa

Kenya

In Kenya, all of the Public Universities are under the control of the Ministry of Education. Students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 System of Education and attaining a Mark of C+ and Above. Students are given a loan by the Government through the Higher Education Loan Board (HELB) if they are government sponsored and meet the criteria upon application. They are expected to pay back after completing higher education.

References and footnotes

Footnotes

  1. ^ These include the members of the Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges. The Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges (COPLAC is a Consortium of state-supported liberal arts colleges.
  2. ^ 大学・短大・専門教育に関すること 公立大学について－文部科学省 (Japanese). Retrieved on 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.  “公立大学は、[. . . ] 地域における高等教育機会の提供と地域社会での知的・文化的拠点として中心的役割を担ってきており、今後とも、それぞれの地域における社会・経済・文化の発展への貢献が期待されています。”
  3. ^ FY2003 White Paper on Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [1.2.1.3] (2003). Retrieved on 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
  4. ^ 平成19年度学生納付金調査結果－文部科学省 (Japanese). Retrieved on 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.

See also

A national university is a University created or run by a national government and may not be autonomous from Government interference A prefectural university is a university run by a prefectural government
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