The term public school has two distinct meanings:
- A school funded from tax revenue and most commonly administered to some degree by government or local government agencies. A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. This usage is most common in the United States, Australia and Canada and is synonymous with its British English equivalent, state school. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page British English or UK English ( BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the State school is an expression used in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to distinguish schools provided by the government from privately
- A traditional privately operated secondary school which commonly requires the payment of fees for its pupils, and is usually a boarding school. For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes This usage is common in the United Kingdom (although can be ambiguous in Scotland) and occasional in other English-speaking Commonwealth countries. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. These schools, wherever located, often follow a British educational tradition and are committed in principle to public accessibility. Originally, many were single-sex boarding schools, but most independent schools are now co-educational with both boarders and day-pupils. Mixed-sex education, (or just Mixed education) also known as Coeducation, is the integrated education to males and females at the same school facilities (See: Independent school (UK)). An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding predominantly in the form of school fees
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The Americas
United States
Public-school education in the United States is provided mainly by local governments, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. Education in the United States is provided mainly by government with control and funding coming from three levels federal, state, and local. Curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards by jurisdiction over school districts. A board of education or a school Board or school committee is the title of the Board of directors of a school local School district School districts are a form of Special-purpose district which serves to operate the local public primary and secondary schools The school districts are special-purpose districts authorized by provisions of state law. There are two types of special-purpose districts in the United States school districts and special districts Generally, state governments can and most, if not all, do set minimum standards relating to almost all activities of primary and secondary schools, as well as funding and authorization to enact local school taxes to support the schools -- primarily through real property taxes. The federal government funds aid to states and school districts that meet minimum federal standards. School accreditation decisions are made by voluntary regional associations. The first tax-supported public school in America was in Dedham, Massachusetts.
Public school is normally split up into three stages: primary (elementary) school (kindergarten to 4th or 5th or 6th grade), junior high (also "intermediate", or "middle") school (5th or 6th or 7th to 8th or 9th) and high school (9th or 10th to 12th, somewhat archaically also called "secondary school"), with some less populated communities incorporating high school as 7th to 12th. Some Junior High Schools (Intermediate Schools) contain 7th to 9th grades or 7th and 8th, in which case the High School is 10th to 12th or 9th to 12th respectively.
The middle school format is increasing in popularity, in which the Elementary School contains kindergarten through 5th grade and the Middle School contains 6th through 8th grade. In addition, some elementary schools are splitting into two levels, sometimes in separate buildings: Primary (usually K-2) and Intermediate (3-4 or 3-5). Some middle schools consist of only 7th and 8th grades.
The K-8th format is also an emerging popular concept, in which students may attend only two schools for all of their K-12 education. Many charter schools feature the K-8 format in which all primary grades are housed in one section of the school while the traditional junior high school aged students are housed in another section of the school. Charter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but
Some very small school districts, primarily in rural areas, still maintain a K-12 system in which all students are housed in a single school.
In the United States, institutions of higher education that are subsidized by U.S. states are also referred to as "public. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government " However, unlike public secondary schools, public universities charge tuition, though these fees are subsidized, particularly for "in-state" students, and are usually lower than those charged by private universities. A public university is a University that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government as opposed to private universities. Unlike Public universities, private universities generally do not receive direct operational funding from national or subnational governments and thus rely on private Community colleges are examples of public institutions of higher education, although there are many highly-regarded universities that are deemed 'public', both due to their subsidized tuition for "in-state" students, and because the administrations of many of these universities are elected via the general electoral ballot. A community college is a type of Educational institution. The term has different meanings in different countries A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects
Some believe that public schools are an essential part of the infrastructure of the United States. They are available to all citizens regardless of income level. These schools meet a fundamental societal need by creating an informed electorate, and promote the general welfare by creating a more skilled workforce. Others believe that most, if not all, public-school users benefit from government subsidies in attending public schools, thus their parents incur a lower cost (if any) to attend public schools than do their tuition-paying private-school counterparts to attend private schools, and given the existence, support for, and proliferation of private schools, at present it remains indeterminate whether public schools are a government entitlement program, or a feature of the welfare state. For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered Entitlement is a guarantee of access to benefits because of rights or by agreement through Law. This article refers specifically to the Welfare state of the United Kingdom.
Canada
Public-school education in Canada is a provincial responsibility and, as such, there are many variations between the provinces. Junior Kindergarten (or equivalent) exists as an official program in some, but not most, places. Kindergarten (or equivalent) is available in every province, but provincial funding and the level of hours provided varies widely. Starting at grade one, at about age five, there is universal publicly-funded access up to grade twelve (or equivalent). Schools are generally divided into Elementary or Primary school (Kindergarten to Grade 7), and Secondary, or High School (Grade 8 to 12). In some schools, particularly in rural areas, the elementary and middle levels can be combined into one school. Commencing in 2003, Grade 13, or OAC, was eliminated in Ontario. It had previously been required only for students who intended to go on to university. Children are required to attend school until the age of sixteen.
Some Canadian provinces offer segregated-by-religious-choice, but nonetheless publicly-funded and publicly-regulated, religiously-based education. In Ontario, for example, Roman Catholic schools are known as "Catholic School", not "Public School", although these are, by definition, no less 'public' than their secular counterparts. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec
The Act of Parliament which brought Alberta into Confederation stipulates that each school district in the province must have both a public school system and a separate school system. (Despite their names, both school systems are considered "public" in the greater scope of the term, as both are funded by taxpayers. ) In districts where the majority of taxpayers are Roman Catholics, the public school system is run by the Roman Catholic school board. In districts where the majority of taxpayers are not Roman Catholic, the separate school system is run by the Roman Catholic school board. A certain proportion of property taxes are allocated to schools; each taxpayer chooses which school system he or she wishes to support, and is allowed to vote for school trustees based on their choice. As of 2006 only one school district, St. Albert, has a majority of Roman Catholic taxpayers, but many districts (including St. Paul and Bonnyville) have been majority Roman Catholic at one time or another. St Albert is a city in Alberta, located northwest of Edmonton, on the Sturgeon River. St Paul Alberta is a small town in East- Central Alberta, Canada. Bonnyville Alberta is a town situated in Central Alberta between the city of Cold Lake and the smaller town of In Calgary, Jewish, Sikh, and Hindu public schools are also supported by the separate school system. Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada
Elsewhere
In some countries, such as Brazil and Mexico, the term "public schools" (escuelas públicas in Spanish, escolas públicas in Portuguese) is used for educational institutions owned by the federal, state, or city governments which do not charge tuition. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Such schools exist in all levels of education, from the very beginning through post-secondary studies. The later years of schooling are comparable to the state university systems in most US states.
Europe
Denmark
The Danish School system is supported today by tax-based governmental and municipal funding from day care through primary and secondary education to higher education and there are no tuition fees for regular students in public schools and universities. Education in Denmark is compulsory for children aged approximately 7-16 The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Legal foundation of municipalities The Constitution of Denmark states "Article 82 Pre-school Education in Denmark takes place in different types of Schools or Day care centres covering the time before children Secondary education in Denmark (in Danish: ungdomsuddannelse, "youth education" usually takes two to four years and is attended by Tuition means instruction or teaching. In American English, the term tuition is often used to refer to a fee charged for educational instruction This is a list of Universities in Denmark. Prior to 2007, there were a few more universities and institutes of research which have now been merged into
The Danish public primary schools, covering the entire period of compulsory education, are called folkeskoler (literally 'people's schools' or 'public schools'). See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory The Folkeskole (American Public school is one type of School in Denmark, covering the entire period of compulsory education The Folkeskole consists of a voluntary pre-school class, the 9-year obligatory course and a voluntary 10th year. It thus caters for pupils aged 6 to 17.
It is also possible for parents to send their children to various kinds of private schools. For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered These schools also receive government funding, although they are not public. In addition to this funding, these schools may charge a fee from the parents.
England, Wales and Northern Ireland
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland the term "public school" refers to fee-charging independent secondary schools. An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding predominantly in the form of school fees Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes The earliest known reference to a "public school" dates from 1364, when the Bishop of Winchester wrote concerning "the public school" at Kingston in his diocese. See also List of bishops of Winchester The Bishop of Winchester is the head of the Church of England Kingston upon Thames is the principal settlement of the Royal Borough The Diocese of Winchester forms part of the Province of Canterbury of the Church of England. [1] The term public then distinguished between education in a school generally provided by a church and open to public applicants, and schools where admission was restricted to children from a particular aristocratic class, such as City of London Freemen's School. City of London Freemen's School, commonly known as CLFS and locally known as Freemen's is a Public school, Day and Boarding located at Typically such schools admit applicants to a small number of free or highly subsidised charitable foundation scholarships, and grew by the headmaster accepting payments for other pupils, who might subsequently win the competitive scholarships.
In the nineteenth century the Clarendon Commission and the Public Schools Act 1868 used the common term to refer to the nine old-established schools whose outdated charitable trusts and governance they reformed. Following complaints about the finances buildings and management of Eton College the Clarendon Commission, a Royal Commission, was set up in 1861 to investigate the The Public Schools Act 1868 was enacted by the British Parliament to reform and regulate nine leading English boys' schools Many similar boarding schools were established for British Empire expatriates to educate their sons at home, and a number of ancient grammar schools later aimed to conform to the ethos of the Public Schools named in successive Acts. A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries
The term public school is generally used now in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and sometimes Scotland to refer to any school that is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference: see the article Independent school (UK) for that sense of the term. The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC is an association of the headmasters or headmistressess of 242 leading day and boarding independent schools in An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding predominantly in the form of school fees The schools and their representative associations prefer the more inclusive term "independent schools", but common usage and the news media in England often refer to them by the traditional name of "public schools".
These schools were (and are) public in the sense of being open to all students in principle, though at the time of their foundation most older schools were run by the established Church and were only open to boys of the same denomination. In practice however many such schools are highly academically selective and pupils usually need to pass the Common Entrance Examination before being admitted at all, and all but the best scholars must be able to afford the considerable fees for tuition and (for boarders) room and board. The Common Entrance Examinations are set by the Independent Schools Examination Board, for entry at age 11+ (normally for girls and boys in year six or at age 13+ (normally
In these countries, the terms state school and county school are used for schools provided at public expense. State school is an expression used in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to distinguish schools provided by the government from privately The term private school means the same as in other English-speaking countries, or formerly and more specifically a privately-owned primary Preparatory ('Prep') School. In English language usage in the former British Empire, the present-day Commonwealth, a preparatory school (usually abbreviated to prep school
In the United Kingdom the term "school" is not generally used to describe institutions of further or higher education (exceptions include the London School of Economics and the School of Oriental and African Studies), but it is used to denote academic and administrative divisions within a university, such as a medical school or a school of engineering or political science. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges The London School of Economics and Political Science, more commonly referred to as The London School of Economics or LSE, is a specialist college of the The School of Oriental and African Studies (commonly abbreviated to " SOAS " pronounced (so as or (so az is a constituent college of the University of A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Medical education A medical school or faculty of medicine is a Tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches Medicine It is otherwise restricted to primary and secondary schools. See School. A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils"
Republic of Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland, a public school (Irish: scoil phoiblí) is a non fee-paying school which is funded by the State, while a private school (Irish: scoil phríobháideach) is a fee-paying school which is not funded by the State. The Republic of Ireland 's education system is quite similar to that of most other western countries Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish.
France
The French educational system is highly centralized, organized, and ramified. It is divided into three stages:
- primary education (enseignement primaire);
- secondary education (enseignement secondaire);
- tertiary or college education (enseignement supérieur)
Primary Schooling in France is mandatory as of age 6, the first year of primary school. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Many parents start sending their children earlier though, around age 3 as kindergarten classes (maternelle) are usually affiliated to a borough's (commune) primary school. ( German, literally means "children's garden" is a form of education for young children which serves as a transition from home to the commencement of more formal schooling Some even start earlier at age 2 in pré-maternelle or garderie class, which is essentially a daycare facility. Day care or child care is care of a child during the Day by a person other than the child's Parents or Legal guardians typically someone outside
French secondary education is divided into two schools:
- the collège for the first four years directly following primary school;
- the lycée for the next three years. See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory
The completion of secondary studies leads to the baccalauréat. The baccalauréat (bakaloʁeˈa often known in France colloquially as le bac or le bachôt, is an academic qualification which
Baccalauréat
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For more details on this topic, see Baccalauréat. The baccalauréat (bakaloʁeˈa often known in France colloquially as le bac or le bachôt, is an academic qualification which
The baccalauréat (also known as bac) is the end-of-lycée diploma students sit for in order to enter university, a classe préparatoire, or professional life. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The term baccalauréat refers to the diploma and the examinations themselves. It is comparable to British A-Levels, American SATs, the Irish Leaving Certificate and German Abitur. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in England, Northern Ireland and Wales, The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The SAT Reasoning Test (formerly Scholastic Aptitude Test and Scholastic Assessment Test) is a standardized test for College admissions in the Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The Leaving Certificate ( Ardteistiméireacht) commonly referred to as the Leaving Cert (Irish Ardteist) is the final course in the Irish Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Abitur (from Latin abire = go away go off is a designation used in Germany and Finland for final exams that young adults take at the end of
Most students sit for the baccalauréat général which is divided into 3 streams of study, called séries. The série scientifique (S) is concerned with mathematics and natural sciences, the série économique et sociale (ES) with economics and social sciences, and the série littéraire (L) focuses on French and foreign languages and philosophy. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and In Science, the term natural science refers to a naturalistic approach to the study of the Universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language
Tertiary education
- Peculiarities
A striking trait of higher education in France, compared to other countries such as the United States, is the small size and multiplicity of establishments, each specialized in a more or less broad spectrum of disciplines. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A middle-sized French city, such as Grenoble or Nancy, may have 2 or 3 universities (for instance: science / humanities), and also a number of engineering and other specialized higher education establishments. Grenoble is a city and commune in south-east France situated at the foot of the Alps where the Drac joins the Isère River. Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France For instance, in Paris and suburbs, there are 13 universities, most of which are specialized on one area or the other, and a large number of smaller institutions. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city
- Grandes écoles & classes préparatoires (CPGE : Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Ecoles)
The Grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the mainstream framework of the public universities. The Grandes écoles ("Graduate schools" literally in French "Grand Schools" or "Elite Schools" of France are higher This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects They are generally focused on a single subject area, such as engineering, have a moderate size, and are often quite selective in their admission of students. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and They are widely regarded as prestigious, and traditionally have produced most of France's scientists and executives. Corporate titles are titles conferred on individuals as a means of identifying their function in the Organization.
Germany
Education in Germany is provided to a large extent by the government, with control coming from state level, (Länder) and funding coming from two levels: federal and state. Responsibility for German education system lies primarily with the states while the federal government only has a minor role Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through the respective states ministry of education. A ministry is a specialised organisation responsible for a sector of Government Public administration, sometimes led by a minister, but usually a senior Decisions about the acknowledgment of private schools (the German equivalent to accreditation in the US) are also made by these ministries. However, public schools are automatically recognised, since these schools are supervised directly by the ministry of education bureaucracy.
Kindergartens are not part of the German public school system. (Although the first kindergarten in the world was opened in 1840 by Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel in the German town of Bad Blankenburg, and the term Kindergarten is even a loanword from the German language). Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel (also written Fröbel ( April 21, 1782 &ndash June 21, 1852) laid the foundation for modern Education Bad Blankenburg is a Spa town in the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, in Thuringia, Germany. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Article 7 Paragraph 6 of the German constitution (the Grundgesetz) abolished pre-school as part of the German school system. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland is the Constitution of Germany. However, kindergartens exist all over Germany, where many of these institutions actually are public, but these kindergartens are controlled by local authorities, charging tuition fees and are likewise not considered to be part of the public school system.
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A German public school does not charge tuition fees. The first stage of the German public school system is the Grundschule. (Primary School - 1st to 4th grade or, in Berlin and Brandenburg, 1st to 6th grade) After Grundschule (at 10 or 12 years of age), there are four secondary schooling options:
- Hauptschule (the least academic, much like a modernized Volksschule) until 9th or, in Berlin and North Rhine-Westphalia until 10th Grade. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. A "Hauptschule" (general school is a Secondary school in Germany and Austria, starting after 4 years of Elementary schooling Any student North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the
- Realschule (formerly Mittelschule) until 10th grade. The Realschule is a type of Secondary school in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein.
- Gymnasium (high school) until 12th grade or 13th grade (with Abitur as exit exam, qualifying for admission to university). A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar Abitur (from Latin abire = go away go off is a designation used in Germany and Finland for final exams that young adults take at the end of
- Gesamtschule (comprehensive school) with all the options of the three "tracks" above. A comprehensive school is a Secondary school and State school for children from the age of 11 to at least 16 that does not select children on the basis of academic
A Gesamtschule largely corresponds to an American high school. However, it offers the same school leaving certificates as the other three types of German secondary schools - the Hauptschulabschluss (school leaving certificate of a Hauptschule after 9th Grade or in Berlin and North Rhine-Westphalia after 10th Grade), the Realschulabschluss, also called Mittlere Reife, (school leaving certificate of a Realschule after 10th Grade) and Abitur, also called Hochschulreife, after 13th or seldom after 12th Grade. Students who graduate from Hauptschule or Realschule continue their schooling at a vocational school until they have full job qualifications. This type of German school, the Berufsschule, is generally an upper-secondary public vocational school, controlled by the German federal government. It is part of Germany's dual education system. A dual education system is practised in several countries notably Germany, Austria and Switzerland, but also Denmark, the Netherlands Students who graduate from a vocational school and students who graduate with good GPA from a Realschule can continue their schooling at another type of German public secondary school, the Fachoberschule, a vocational high school. In Education, a grade (or mark is a teacher's standardized Evaluation of a Student 's work The school leaving exam of this type of school, the Fachhochschulreife, enables the graduate to start studying at a Fachhochschule (polytechnic), and in Hesse also at a university within the state. A Fachhochschule (plural Fachhochschulen) or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of University, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area The Abitur from a Gesamtschule or Gymnasium enables the graduate to start studying at a polytechnic or at a university in all states of Germany.
In Germany, most institutions of higher education are subsidized by German states and are therefore also referred to as staatliche Hochschulen. (public universities) Most German public universities and polytechnics do not charge for tuition, though fees for guest or graduate students are charged by many universities. However, many German states plan to introduce general tuition fees for all students at public institutions of higher education in the near future.
Scotland
In Scotland, the term public school may be ambiguous in meaning. Scotland has a long history of universal provision of Public education, and the Scottish education system is distinctly different from other parts of the United Largely due to the earlier introduction of state-administered universal education in Scotland and opposed to the rest of the United Kingdom, the term became associated with state schools. The designation was incorporated into the name of many of many of these older publicly run institutions. In order to avoid confusion, the term 'state school' is commonly used in Scotland. State school is an expression used in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to distinguish schools provided by the government from privately
However at the same time, a number of well-known independent schools are also commonly referred to as public schools, in line with the prevalent practise in the rest of the UK. An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local Government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges gifts and A number of these schools also offer qualifications more prevalent in the other parts of the UK such as the A-level alongside the more common system offered by the Scottish Qualifications Authority described below. The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in England, Northern Ireland and Wales,
Children in Scottish state schools typically start primary school, or attend a junior school, aged between four and a half and five and a half depending on when the child's birthday falls. See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory Children born between March and August would start school at five years old and those born between September and February start school at age four-and-a-half. Pupils remain at primary school for seven years completing Primary One to Seven.
Then aged eleven or twelve, they start secondary school for a compulsory four years with the final two years being optional. Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes Pupils sit Standard Grade exams at the age of fifteen/sixteen, sometimes earlier, most often for up to eight subjects including compulsory exams in English, mathematics, a foreign language, a science subject and a social subject; it is now required by the Scottish Parliament to have two hours of physical education a week. Standard Grades ( Scottish Gaelic: An Ìre Choitchinne) are Scotland 's educational qualifications for students aged around 14 to 16 years English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and A foreign language is a Language not spoken by the people of a certain place for example English is a foreign language in Japan. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Each school may vary these compulsory combinations. The school leaving age is generally sixteen (after completion of standard grade), after which students may choose to remain at school and study for Access, Intermediate or Higher Grade and Advanced Higher exams. In Scotland the Higher ( Scottish Gaelic: An Àrd Ìre) is one of the national school-leaving certificate exams and university entrance qualifications of The Advanced Higher ( Scottish Gaelic: An Àrd Ìre Adhartach) is an optional qualification which forms part of the Scottish Secondary education
Australasia
Australia
Education in Australia follows a three tier model: primary, secondary and tertiary education. Primary education is the first stage of Compulsory education. Australia See also Education Tertiary education, also referred to as third stage third level and' post-secondary education', is the educational level following the completion of a school providing Education is primarily regulated by the individual state governments, not the federal government. Education is compulsory up to an age specified by legislation; this age varies but is generally 15 or 16, that is prior to completing secondary education.
Under the Australian Government’s Schools Assistance (Learning Together – Achievement Through Choice and Opportunity) Act 2004, all education authorities, including non-government schools, have now committed to implement a common school starting age by 1 January 2010 and a common description (nomenclature) for the year before Year 1 and the two years before Year 1.
Post-compulsory education is regulated within the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), a unified system of national qualifications in schools, vocational education and training (TAFEs and private providers) and the higher education sector (mainly universities). The Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF provides the hierarchy of educational qualifications in Australia.
| State or
Territory |
Minimum
age |
Age in the year
before Year 1 |
Compulsory age | Nomenclature year
before school |
Nomenclature year
before Year 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSW | 4. 5 | Turn 5 by 31 July | Year in which
children turn 6 |
Pre-school | Kindergarten |
| QLD | 4. 6 | By 2007, turn 5 by
30 June |
Year in which
children turn 6. 64 |
Kindergarten /
Preschool |
Preparatory |
| VIC | 4. 8 | Turn 5 by 30 April | Year in which
children turn 6 |
Kindergarten | Preparatory |
| WA | 4. 6 | Turn 5 by 30 June | Year in which
children turn 6. 6 |
Kindergarten | Pre-Primary |
| SA | 4. 5 | Continuous entry in the
term after 5th birthday |
Year in which
children turn 6 |
Kindergarten | Reception |
| TAS | 4. 5 | Turn 5 by 1 January | Year after turning 5 | Kindergarten | Preparatory |
| ACT | 5. 0 | Turn 5 by 30 April | Year in which
children turn 6 |
Pre-school | Kindergarten |
| NT | 5. 0 | By 2006, turn 5 by
30 June |
Year in which
children turn 6 |
Pre-school | Transition |
Primary and Secondary
Primary and secondary education may be provided by:
- Government schools (also known as State schools, or public schools)
- Independent schools (the older of these institutions are sometimes called Public School)
There has been a strong drift of students to independent schools during the past decade.
Government schools educate the majority of students and do not charge large tuition fees (most do charge a fee as a contribution to costs). A fee is the Price one pays as Remuneration for Services especially the Honorarium paid to a doctor lawyer, Consultant The major part of their costs is met by the relevant State or Territory government. Independent schools, both religious or secular (the latter often with specialisations), may charge much higher fees.
Whilst independent schools are sometimes considered 'public' schools like their English counterparts (as in the Associated Public Schools of Victoria), in some states of Australia, the term 'public school' is usually synonymous with a government school. The Associated Public Schools of Victoria (APS are a group of eleven independent schools in Victoria, Australia, similar to the Athletic Association of the Great
Government schools can be divided into two types: open and selective. The open schools accept all students from their government defined catchment areas, while selective schools have high entrance requirements and cater to a much larger area. Entrance to selective schools is often highly competitive. In Victoria, for example, more than 3000 applicants sit the entrance exam each year competing for the 600 available places at Mac.Robertson Girls' High School and Melbourne High School. The MacRobertson Girls' High School (also known simply as Mac
Asia
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong the term government schools is used for free schools funded by the government. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders
There are also subsidized schools (which are the majority in Hong Kong and many of which are run by Religious organizations), "Direct Subsidy Scheme" schools, private schools and international schools in Hong Kong.
India and Sri Lanka
In India and Sri Lanka, due to the British influence, the term "public schools" implied non-governmental, historically elite educational institutions, often modeled on British public schools. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The terms 'private' and 'government' school are commonly used to denote the type of funding. In consideration of government control /ownership, the central government administered Kendriya Vidyalayas (or Central Schools), Navodaya Vidyalaya system of schools qualify as per the American definition of "public" school. Kendriya Vidyalaya, (Hindi केन्द्रीय विद्यालय ( Hindi for Central School) is a system of Central government schools for children They are usually not completely privately run, being 'aided' by the government. The standard and the quality of education is quite high. Technically these would be categorized as private schools, but many of them have the name Public School appended to them, e. g. , the Delhi "Public" Schools and Birla Vidya Mandir . Birla Vidya Mandir, Nainital is a Residential Public School for boys in India that opened in July 1947 Most of the middle class families send their children to such schools, which might be in their own city or far off (like Boarding schools). The medium of education is English, but as a compulsory subject, Hindi and/or the state's official language is also taught. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Preschool education is mostly limited to organized neighbourhood nursery schools with some organized chains.
The most well known public school in Sri Lanka is Royal College. The Royal College of Colombo (commonly known as Royal College) was founded in January 1835 Although it is a governmental school it has much autonomy.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, the term "public school" has historically been used for British-styled boarding schools such as Abbottabad Public School and Sadiq Public School Bahawalpur. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Abbottabad Public School, also commonly known as APS and Railway Public School, is a public, all boys Boarding school for 7th to 12th Making The Foundation Stone of Sadiq Public School Bahawalpur was laid by the late Ala Hazrat Nawab Sir Sadeq Mohammad Khan V, on March 04 1953 This has established a strong branding for the term "public school", and most of these schools are private, non-governmental boarding schools.
Africa
South Africa
In South Africa, the South African Schools Act of 1996 recognised two categories of schools: public and independent. South Africa has 12 million learners 366 000 teachers and around 28 000 schools - including 390 special needs schools and 1 000 registered private schools The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Independent schools include all private schools and schools that are privately governed. Independent schools with low tuition fees are state-aided and receive a subsidy on a sliding-scale. Traditional private schools that charge high fees receive no state subsidy.
Public schools are all state-owned schools, including section 21 schools (formerly referred to as Model C or semi-private schools) that have a governing body and a degree of budget autonomy, as these are still fully-owned and accountable to the state.
References
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