Public order - Citizendia

In urban planning, the notion of "public order" refers to a city containing relatively empty (and orderly) spaces which allow for flexibility in redesigning the city's layout; such perceptions played an important role in the establishments of suburbs. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Space is the extent within which Matter is physically extended and objects and Events have positions relative to one another South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. According to this point of view, the traditional notion of a "downtown" is often seen as disorderly. Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense

The creation of new streets and de-intensification of the same, particularly by creating enclosed streets, is another way to impose order on cities. This has been done in many cities, most notably perhaps in Paris in the 19th century. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This is known as boulevardization (or Haussmannization after Baron Haussmann who was in charge of Paris's reorganization). Georges-Eugène Haussmann ( March 27, 1809 &ndash January 11, 1891) who called himself Baron Haussmann, was a French

Recently such massive regeneration schemes have been criticized as constituting an imposition of bourgeois values on the entire city. A personal and cultural value is a Relative ethic value, an assumption upon which implementation can be extrapolated The same criticism is leveled at contemporary city redevelopments where middle-class values are imposed. The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power.

For many urban planners, movement and heterogeneity, as opposed to settlement and homogeneity, are considered to be disorder. List of urban planners chronological by initial year of plan c Many schemes, such as slum clearance, aim at removing this perceived disorder. Urban Renewal (similar to Urban Regeneration in British English) is a controversial U Critics argue that this disorder is not disorderly as such, but is simply a different order.

Government intervention in the form of regulations controlling urban planning is not the only means to create "order" in cities. Spatial divisions that are often perceived as orderly can be created by markets or cultural affinity. Markets create order because certain areas are more expensive and thus segregate space because many people cannot afford to live in certain areas. Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information Cultural affinity refers to the fact that people from cultural groups tend to cluster together. This can be along lines of religion, language, nationality, sexuality or profession. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings The term profession is applied to those persons who have specialized and technical skill or knowledge which they apply for a fee to certain tasks that ordinary and unqualified people cannot It has been suggested that cultural affinity is a means to find protection from the perceived disorder of the rest of the city. These mechanisms of division often overlap.

See also