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A public inquiry is an official review of events or actions ordered by a country's, state's, or province's government. See also Critic. A review is an evaluation of a publication such as a movie, Video game, Musical composition A public inquiry differs from a Royal Commission in that a public inquiry accepts evidence and conducts its hearings in a more public forum and focuses on a more specific occurrence. The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the Interested members of the public and organisations may not only make (written) evidential submissions as is the case with most inquiries, but also listen to oral evidence given by other parties.

Typical events for a public inquiry are those that cause multiple deaths, such as public transport crashes or mass murders. List of United Kingdom disasters by death toll is a list of major Disasters (excluding acts of War) which occurred in the United Kingdom (including territory This article deals with mass killings that are not considered Genocide. However, in the UK, the Planning Inspectorate, an agency of the Department for Communities and Local Government, routinely holds public inquiries into highways and other transport proposals. The Planning Inspectorate for England and Wales ( Yr Arolygiaeth Gynllunio) is an Executive agency of the Department for Communities and Local Government The Department for Communities and Local Government (branded as Communities and Local Government) is the United Kingdom government department for communities

Pressure groups and opposition political parties are likely to ask for public inquiries for all manner of issues. An interest group (also advocacy group, lobby group, pressure group or special interest group) is an organized collection of people who seek In Politics, the opposition comprises one or more political parties or other organized groups that are opposed to the Government, party or group The government of the day typically only accedes to a fraction of these requests. Inquiries are requested not only for the genuine public good, but also in attempt to make the government look bad - either by allowing the inquiry to go ahead and uncover mistakes by the government or by making the government refuse and leave the impression that they have something to hide. A public inquiry generally takes longer to report and costs more on account of its public nature. Thus when a government refuses a public inquiry on some topic, it is usually on these grounds.

The conclusions of the inquiry are delivered in the form of a written report, given first to the government, and soon after published to the public. The report will generally make recommendations to improve the quality of government or management of public organisations in the future.

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Republic of Ireland

In the Republic of Ireland, public inquiries, known popularly as tribunals, have become much used in recent years. While they have been the subject of many dramatic revelations in Irish politics, they have also become known for running long beyond their intended length - the extreme case being the Planning Tribunal (previously the Flood Tribunal) which is currently in its eighth year and has heard 615 days of evidence so far.

Inquiries in the Republic of Ireland are governed under Section 1 of the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act of 1921. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar (This act, being a UK statute enacted before the setting up of the Irish Free State, continues to apply for the time being in the Republic of Ireland). The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by It has, however, been amended since by several Acts of the Oireachtas. This is a list of Acts of the Oireachtas for the years 1922 to present The chair of the inquiry is mandated by the Oireachtas (following resolutions in both the Dáil and the Seanad) to carry out the inquiry into matters of urgent public importance by a Warrant of Appointment. The Oireachtas (ɛrʲaxt̪ˠasˠ is the "national parliament" or Legislature of Ireland, sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann. ga '''Dáil Éireann''' ( English House of Representatives of Ireland) is the principal chamber of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament Seanad Éireann (ɕan̪ˠad̪ˠ erʲan̪ˠ English Senate of Ireland) also known unofficially as the Senate, is the Upper house of the Oireachtas The terms of reference of the inquiry are given as part of that warrant.

Tribunals of Inquiry are invested with the powers, privileges and rights of the Irish High Court. It is not a function of a Tribunal to administer justice, their work is solely inquisitorial. Tribunals are required to report their findings to the Oireachtas. They have the power to enforce the attendance and examination of witnesses and the production of relevant documents. Tribunals may consist of one or more persons, though the practise has been to appoint a Sole Member. Tribunals may sit with or without Assessors (who are not Tribunal members). Sittings are usually held in public but can, at the Tribunals discretion, be held in private.

List of public inquiries

United Kingdom

An inquiry is usually chaired by a well-known and well-respected member of the upper echelons of British society, such as judge, lord, professor or senior civil servant. Hepatitis C is a blood-borne infectious disease that is caused by the Hepatitis C virus ( HCV) affecting the Liver. The Moriarty Tribunal is an Irish Public inquiry established in 1997 into the financial affairs of politicians Charles Haughey and Michael Lowry The Lindsay Tribunal was set up in Ireland in 1999 to investigate the infection of haemophiliacs with HIV and Hepatitis C from contaminated blood products John Carthy (Seán Ó Carthaigh ( 9 October 1972 - 20 April 2000) was a 27-year-old Irish citizen with a Psychiatric illness. Abbeylara ( is a village in the easternmost portion of County Longford, Ireland, located about three kilometers east of Granard on the R369 County Longford (Contae an Longfoirt is a county situated in the Irish Midlands, in northwest Leinster. The Barr Tribunal was a Public Inquiry established by Resolutions passed by the Dáil Éireann and the Seanad Éireann on the 17th and 18th April 2002 County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. The Morris Tribunal is a Public Inquiry to address allegations of the 1990s and early 2000s against the Garda Síochána, the national police force of After publication of Justice Henry Barron's report on the Dublin and Monaghan bombings, the Irish Government established a follow-on Commission of Investigation Dublin The Establishment is a Pejorative term used to refer to the traditional Ruling class Elite and the structures of society that they control The History of English society demonstrates innumerable changes over many centuries A judge, or justice, is an Official who presides over a Court of law The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis

List of selected public inquiries

See also

References

The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the Tribunal is a generic term for any body acting judicially whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title
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