This article is about public establishments that contain aquaria, for the water containing vivarium see Aquarium. An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a Vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which Water -dwelling Plants

A 335,000 U. S. gallon (1. 3 million litre) aquarium at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California displaying a simulated kelp forest ecosystem

A public aquarium (plural: public aquaria or public aquariums) is the aquatic counterpart of a zoo, housing living aquatic species for viewing. The Monterey Bay Aquarium, which is located on the site of a former sardine cannery on Cannery Row in Monterey California, is one of the largest Aquariums Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of Kelp. A zoological garden, shortened to zoo, is an institution in which living animals are exhibited in captivity Most public aquaria feature tanks larger than those which could be kept by home aquarists, as well as smaller tanks. Since the first public aquariums were built in the mid-1800s, they have become popular and their numbers have increased. Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. Most modern accredited aquaria stress conservation issues and educating the public. ^[1]

History

Various aquaria at the Detroit Aquarium, Michigan c.1900, USA. Circa (often abbreviated c, ca, ca or cca and sometimes Italicized to show it is Latin) means "about" Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar

The first public aquarium was opened in London Zoo in May 1853; the "Fish House", as it came to be known, was constructed much like a greenhouse. An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a Vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which Water -dwelling Plants ZSL London Zoo is the world's oldest scientific Zoo. It was opened in London on April 27 1828, and was originally intended to be used Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse or hothouse) is a building where plants are cultivated ^[2] P.T. Barnum quickly followed in 1856 with the first American aquarium as part of his established Barnum's American Museum, which was located on Broadway in New York before it burned down. Phineas Taylor Barnum (July 5 1810 &ndash April 7 1891 was an American Showman remembered for Hoaxes and for founding the Circus that became the Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Barnum's American Museum was located at the corner of Broadway and Ann Street in New York City from 1841 to 1865 Broadway, as the name implies is a wide avenue in New York City. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous ^[2] In 1859, the Aquarial Gardens were founded in Boston. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[2] A number of aquaria then opened in Europe, such as the Jardin d'Acclimatation in Paris and the Viennese Aquarium Salon (both founded 1860), the Marine Aquarium Temple as part of the Zoological Garden in Hamburg (1864), as well as aquariums in Berlin (1869) and Brighton (1872). The Jardin d'Acclimatation (20 hectares 49 acres is a children's amusement park with a Menagerie, the Exploradome museum and other attractions located in the northern Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Brighton ( is a town on the south coast of England and with its neighbour Hove, forms the city of Brighton and Hove. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year ^[2] The oldest American aquarium is the National Aquarium in Washington, D.C., founded in 1873. The National Aquarium in Washington DC is an Aquarium in Washington D Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This was followed by the opening of other public aquaria : San Francisco (Woodward's Garden, 1873-1890), Wood Hole (Science Aquarium, 1885), New York (Battery Park, 1896-1941), La Jolla (Scripps, 1903), Detroit (Belle Isle, 1904-2005), Philadelphia (Fairmount Water Works, 1911-1962), San Francisco (Steinhart Aquarium, 1923), Chicago (Shedd Aquarium, 1929). For many years, the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago was the largest aquarium in the world, until the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta opened. The John G Shedd Aquarium is an indoor Public aquarium in Chicago, Illinois in the United States that opened on May 30 Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Georgia Aquarium, located in Atlanta, Georgia at Pemberton Place, is billed as the "world's largest aquarium" with more than 8

In 2005, the Georgia Aquarium, with more than 8 million US gallons (30,000 m³; 30,000,000 liters) of marine and fresh water, and more than 100,000 animals of 500 different species opened in Atlanta, Georgia. The Georgia Aquarium, located in Atlanta, Georgia at Pemberton Place, is billed as the "world's largest aquarium" with more than 8 The aquarium's notable specimens include whale sharks and beluga whales. The whale shark, Rhincodon typus, is a slow filter feeding Shark that is the largest living Fish Species.

Current public aquaria

Picture of a male Whale Shark at Georgia Aquarium

Modern day aquarium tanks can hold millions of U. The whale shark, Rhincodon typus, is a slow filter feeding Shark that is the largest living Fish Species. The Georgia Aquarium, located in Atlanta, Georgia at Pemberton Place, is billed as the "world's largest aquarium" with more than 8 S. gallons of water and can house large species, including dolphins, sharks or beluga whales. Dolphins are Marine mammals that are closely related to Whales and Porpoises There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. Sharks ( Superorder Selachimorpha) are a type of Fish with a full cartilaginous Skeleton and a highly streamlined body This is accomplished though thick, clear acrylic glass windows. Poly(methyl methacrylate ( PMMA) or poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate is a Thermoplastic and transparent Plastic. Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals, including otters,^[3] and seals ^[4] are often cared for at aquaria. Otters are semi- aquatic (or in one case aquatic) fish-eating Mammals The otter subfamily Lutrinae forms part of the family Pinnipeds ("fin-feet" lit "winged feet" or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semi-aquatic marine Mammals comprising Some establishments, such as the Oregon Coast Aquarium, have aquatic aviaries. The Oregon Coast Aquarium is an Aquarium in Newport Oregon. It is perhaps best known for having housed Keiko, the Orca from the movie An aviary is a large enclosure for confining Birds. Unlike cages ' aviaries allow birds a larger living space where they can fly hence aviaries are also ^[5][6]

Most aquaria will have special exhibits to entice repeat visitors, in addition to its permanent collection. A few have their own version of a "petting zoo"; for instance, the Monterey Bay Aquarium has a shallow tank filled with common types of rays,^[7] and one can reach in to feel their smooth skins as they pass by. The Monterey Bay Aquarium, which is located on the site of a former sardine cannery on Cannery Row in Monterey California, is one of the largest Aquariums Batoidea is a Superorder of cartilaginous fish containing more than 500 described species in thirteen families

Also as with zoos, aquaria usually have specialized research staff who study the habits and biology of their specimens.

Logistics

Feeding time at the Melbourne Aquarium draws a large crowd

Most public aquaria are located close to the ocean, for a steady supply of natural seawater. Melbourne Aquarium is a Southern Ocean and Antarctic aquarium in central Melbourne, Australia. An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. An inland pioneer was Chicago's Shedd Aquarium^[8] that received seawater shipped by rail in special tank cars. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The John G Shedd Aquarium is an indoor Public aquarium in Chicago, Illinois in the United States that opened on May 30 The early (1911) Philadelphia Aquarium, built in the city's disused water works, had to switch to treated city water when the nearby river became too contaminated. The Philadelphia Aquarium, one of the first Aquariums in the United States, was located on the shore of the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia’s The Fairmount Water Works in Philadelphia Pennsylvania was the first Municipal Waterworks in the United States ^[8]Similarly, the recently opened Georgia Aquarium filled its tanks with fresh water from the city water system and salinated its salt water exhibits using the same commercial salt and mineral additives available to home aquarists. The Georgia Aquarium, located in Atlanta, Georgia at Pemberton Place, is billed as the "world's largest aquarium" with more than 8

In January 1985, Kelly Tarlton began construction of the first aquarium, Kelly Tarlton's Underwater World, to include a large transparent acrylic tunnel in Auckland, New Zealand, a task that took 10 months and cost NZ$3 million. Kelly Tarlton's Underwater World, a public Aquarium in Auckland, New Zealand, was the brainchild of renowned New Zealand marine archeologist Poly(methyl methacrylate ( PMMA) or poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate is a Thermoplastic and transparent Plastic. The Auckland metropolitan area or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country The 110-meter tunnel was built from one-tonne slabs of German sheet plastic that were shaped locally in an oven. A moving walkway now transports visitors through, and groups of school children occasionally hold sleepovers there beneath the swimming sharks and rays. ^[9]

Public aquaria are often affiliated with oceanographic research institutions or conduct their own research programs, and sometimes specialize in species and ecosystems that can be found in local waters. For example, the Vancouver Aquarium in Vancouver, BC is a major center for marine research, conservation, and marine animal rehabilitation, particularly for the rich ecosystem of the Pacific Northwest. The Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre is a public Aquarium located in Stanley Park in Vancouver British Columbia, Canada. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal ^[10] The Vancouver Aquarium was the first aquarium to capture and display an orca whale, Moby Doll, for 3 months in 1964; as well as belugas, narwhals^[11] and dolphins. The Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre is a public Aquarium located in Stanley Park in Vancouver British Columbia, Canada. The Orca or Killer Whale ( Orcinus orca) less commonly Blackfish or Seawolf, is the largest species of the Oceanic dolphin family Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The Narwhal ( Monodon monoceros) is an Arctic species of Cetacean. Dolphins are Marine mammals that are closely related to Whales and Porpoises There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. None of these whales has ever left the aquarium alive, with the exception of Bjossa, a female orca who was sent to SeaWorld San Diego in April 2000 and died shortly afterward in October 2001. History Milton C Shedd, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Millay brought SeaWorld to life yet that was not the initial idea

See also

• List of aquaria
• Zoo

References

External links

• Norfolk, Howard. My Visit to the Freshwater Public Aquarium in Havana, Cuba, Aquarticles.com, January 2004, retrieved on: June 22, 2007
• Case Studies in Aquarium History
• Sao Paulo Public Aquarium (Aquário de São Paulo) - Brazil
• Public Aquaria in the United States