A Public Lending Right program compensates authors for the potential loss of sales from their works being available in public libraries. A public library (also called circulating library) is a Library which is accessible by the Public and is generally funded from public sources (such
Fifteen countries have a PLR program, and others are considering adopting one. Canada, the United Kingdom, all the Scandinavian countries, Germany, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Israel, Australia, and New Zealand currently have PLR prgrams. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island There is ongoing debate in France about implementing one. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. There is also a move towards having a Europe-wide PLR program administered by the EU. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in
The first PLR program was initiated in Denmark in 1941, but because of the war was not properly active until 1946. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The idea spread slowly from country to country and many nations' PLR programs are quite recent developments.
PLR programs vary from country to country. Some like Germany, and the Netherlands have linked PLR to copyright legislation and have made libraries liable to pay authors for every book in their collection. Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for A Book is a set or collection of written printed illustrated or blank sheets made of Paper, Parchment, or other material usually fastened together Other countries do not connect PLR to copyright. For a nation like Canada or Australia the majority of funds would be going to authors outside the country, much of it to the United States, which is unpalatable to those nations.
How amounts of payment are determined also varies from country to country. Some pay based on how many times a book has been taken out of a library, others use a simpler system of payment based simply on whether a library owns a book or not.
The amount of payments is also variable. The amount any one author can receive is never very considerable. In Canada for instance the payment is C$38. 30 per book per library, with a maximum of C$2,681 (in 2008) for any one author in a year.
Different countries also have differing eligibility criteria. In most nations only published works are accepted, government publications are rarely counted, nor are bibliographies or dictionaries. Bibliography (from Greek grc βιβλιογραφία bibliographia, literally "book writing" as a practice is the academic study of Books A dictionary is a book of alphabetically listed Words in a specific language with definitions etymologies pronunciations and other information or a book of alphabetically Some PLR services are mandated solely to fund literary works of fiction, and some such as Norway, have a sliding scale paying far less to non-fiction works. Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Non-fiction is an account or representation of a subject which is presented as Fact. Many nations also exclude scholarly and academic texts.
Within the European Union, the public lending right is regulated since November 1992 by directive 92/100/EEC on rental right and lending right. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Council Directive 92/100/EEC of 19 November 1992 on rental right and lending right and on certain rights related to copyright in the field of intellectual property is a European A report in 2002 from the European Commission [1] pointed out that many member countries had failed to implement this directive correctly. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union.
The PLR directive has met with resistance from the side of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA). The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA is the leading international body representing the interests of library The IFLA has stated that the principles of 'lending right' can jeopardize free access to the services of publicly accessible libraries, which is the citizen's human right. [2]. The PLR directive and its implementation in public libraries is rejected by a number of European authors, including Nobel Laureates Dario Fo and José Saramago. Dario Fo (born March 24, 1926) is an Italian satirist, Playwright, Theater director, Actor, and Composer José de Sousa Saramago, GColSE (ʒuˈzɛ sɐɾɐˈmagu born November 16, 1922) is a Nobel-laureate Portuguese [3]
References
- ^ Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee on the public lending right in the European Union (PDF), 2002-09-16
- ^ The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Position on PLR (April 2005)
- ^ Campagna europea contro l'introduzione del prestito a pagamento in biblioteca (in Italian)
External links
- PLR International Network website
- An update (2002) on the international situation by Jim Parker (UK PLR Offices, Stockton-on-Tees, UK)
- Australian authors 'compensated' for library circulation
- Public Lending Right Commission of Canada Website
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