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Psychoactive toad is a name used for toads from which psychoactive substances from the family of bufotoxins can be derived. A toad can refer to a number of Species of Amphibians in the order Anura. A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a Chemical substance that acts primarily upon the Central nervous system where it alters Brain Bufotoxins are a family of toxic substances found in the Parotoid glands skin and venom of many Toads ( Genus Bufo) other amphibians and other The skin and venom of Bufo alvarius (Colorado River toad or Sonoran Desert toad) contain 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin. The skin is the outer covering of living tissue of an animal (or plant This article is about the class of Biotoxins For other uses see Venom (disambiguation and Venomous (disambiguation. The Colorado River Toad or Bufo alvarius, also known as the Sonoran Desert Toad, is a Psychoactive toad found in the Southwestern United 5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine is a very powerful psychedelic Tryptamine. Bufotenin (also known as bufotenine) is a Tryptamine related to the Neurotransmitter Serotonin. Other species contain only bufotenin. 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin both belong to the family of hallucinogenic tryptamines. The general group of pharmacological agents commonly known as hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories Psychedelics, Dissociatives Tryptamine is a Monoamine Alkaloid found in Plants and Animals. Due to these substances the skin or venom of the toads may produce psychoactive effects when ingested.

Contents

Cultivation and uses

To obtain the psychoactive substances the venom of psychoactive toads is commonly milked from the toad's venom glands. The milking procedure does not harm the toad — it consists of stroking it under its chin to initiate the defensive venom response. Once the liquid venom has been collected and dried, it can be used for its psychedelic effects. Modern psychedelia For "psychedelics" see Psychedelic drug. The toad takes about a month to refill its venom glands following the milking procedure, during which time the toad will not produce venom. Some vendors sell dried toad skins, even though it is possible to harvest the venom without harming the toad. The venom is often used for recreational purposes.

Rumors and misconceptions

Rumors, dating from the 1970s, claimed that groups of "hippies" or teenagers were licking the psychoactive toads to get high. A rumour or rumor (see spelling differences) is often viewed as "an unverified account or explanation of events circulating from person to person and The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world One version of the story has hippies in the hills of California chasing toads through the woods to get high. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. In another version, the infamous cane toad of Australia was said to be licked or ingested both by aborigines and by Australian hippies. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. These stories were propagated by a number of sources, including drug-abuse lectures, at least one textbook, and USA Today in 1988. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. The act of toad-licking has been depicted in the television programs such as L.A. Law, Family Guy, Futurama, The Simpsons, South Park, and The X-Files. LA Law is an American television Legal drama that ran from 1986 to 1994. Family Guy is an animated American television sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane that airs on Fox and regularly on other Futurama is an Emmy Award -winning animated American sitcom created by Matt Groening, and developed by Groening and South Park is an animated American television comedy series created and written by Trey Parker and Matt Stone for Comedy Central " Quagmire " is the twenty-second episode of the third season of The X-Files. The story was never true. While it certainly cannot be proven that no one has ever licked a toad in California, there is no documented evidence for toad-licking as a regular practice of any group at any time, nor is there any documented evidence that hallucinatory effects can be achieved in this way.

Licking toads is not biologically practical. In order for these tryptamines to be orally active the human monoamin oxidase (MAO) system needs to be inhibited. [1] Many of the original antidepressant medications were MAO inhibitors, but because of their side effects they have been phased out. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs) are a class of powerful antidepressant drugs prescribed for the treatment of depression. The MAO system keeps dangerous amines from building up in the blood stream. Many animals do not have an MAO system comparable to humans. This accounts for sheep and cow "staggers" when eating tryptamine containing phalaris grasses. Snorting, injecting or smoking tryptamines will bypass the primary MAO system in the digestive tract. Therefore the "licking of toads" will not result in a typtamine hallucination, unless combined with an MAO inhibitor. Ayahuasca or Yaje' is a native brew that uses the MAO inhibiting properties of beta-carbolines (harmine, harmaline, etc) combined with various tryptamine containing plants. This mixture of MAO inhibitors and tryptamines allows for the tryptamines to be active when consumed orally. For this reason toad licking would not result in a "high" but rather a very ill state.

Notes

  1. ^ Schultes, Evans and Raffauf, Vine of the Soul: Medicine Men, Their Plants and Rituals in the Colombian Amazonia. Oracle, AZ: Synergetic, 1992

References

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