Citizendia
Your Ad Here

A proxy war is the war that results when two powers use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly.

While superpowers have sometimes used whole governments as proxies, terrorist groups, mercenaries, or other third parties are more often employed. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion It is hoped that these groups can strike an opponent without leading to full-scale war.

Proxy wars have also been fought alongside full-scale conflicts. For instance, during the Iran-Iraq War, both nations armed factions in the Lebanese Civil War and pitted them against each other. The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 was a multifaceted Civil war whose antecedents can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end

It is almost impossible to have a pure proxy war, as the groups fighting for a certain superpower usually have their own interests, which are often divergent from those of their patron.

Contents

Examples

Kashmir Conflict

Militants trained in Pakistan Administered Kashmir, Pakistan and Afghanistan have been involved in terrorism in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir (See: Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir). The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK) or simply Azad Kashmir (literally "free Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. Violence in Kashmir has existed in various forms mainly in Jammu and Kashmir, the Indian side of the disputed territory 3,200 militants are believed to be operating in the Indian state, and so far 29,000 Indian civilians have been killed in the insurgency which has also resulted in the ethnic cleansing and displacement of over 790,000 Kashmiri Pundit Hindus. Original Kashmiri Pandit ( Hindi: hi कश्मीरी पण्डित refers to a person who belongs to a sect of Hindu Pandits who originate A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical The Kargil War in 1999 was fought between India and Militants backed by Pakistan. The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July

Spanish Civil War

A famous conflict which exhibits patterns of a proxy war was the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of An internal political conflict soon involved a battle between the Francisco Franco's loyalist fascists and the republican anarchists and communist as Nazi Germany and Italy (on the fascist side) and the Soviet Union (on the republican side) poured resources and advisers into Spain. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 This war served as a useful proving ground for the great powers to test equipment and tactics that would later be employed in the Second World War. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Cold War

Proxy wars were common in the Cold War, because the two nuclear-armed superpowers (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America) did not wish to fight each other directly, since that would have run the risk of escalation to a nuclear war, at least according to the official versions on both sides. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Proxies were used in conflicts in Afghanistan, Angola, Korea, Vietnam, and many other countries. The Soviet war in Afghanistan, also known as the Soviet-Afghan War or just the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, was a nine-year conflict involving The Angolan Civil War began in Angola after the end of the war for independence from Portugal in 1975 The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

The first proxy war in the Cold War was the Greek Civil War, in which the Western-allied Greek government was nearly overthrown by Communist rebels with limited direct aid from Soviet client states in Yugoslavia, Albania, and Bulgaria. The Greek Civil War (ο Eμφύλιος, "the Civil War" fought from 1946 to 1949 by the Governmental forces receiving logistical support by the United Kingdom See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Greek Communists managed to seize most of Greece, but a strong government counterattack forced them back. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Western Allies eventually won, due largely to an ideological split between Stalin and Tito. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Though previously allied to the rebels, Tito closed Yugoslavia's borders to ELAS partisans when, despite the nonexistence of Soviet aid to the rebels, Greek Communists sided with Stalin. The Greek People's Liberation Army ( Ελληνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός, Ellinikos Laïkos Apeleftherotikos Stratos) abbreviated Albania followed Tito's suit shortly thereafter. With no way to get aid, the rebellion collapsed.

Another example of a proxy war was East Germany's covert support for the Red Army Faction (RAF) which was active from 1968 and carried out a succession of terrorist attacks in West Germany during the 1970s and to a lesser extent in the 1980s. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state The Red Army Faction or RAF ( German Rote Armee Fraktion) (in its early stages commonly known as Baader-Meinhof Group ''Gang'' was one Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After German reunification in 1990, it was discovered that the RAF had received financial and logistic support from the Stasi, the security and intelligence organization of East Germany. German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Logistics is the management of the flow of Goods, Information and other resources including Energy and people between the point of origin and the point For the regular police in East Germany see Volkspolizei. The Ministerium für Staatssicherheit ( Ministry for State Security It had also given several RAF terrorists shelter and new identities. It had not been in the interests of either the RAF or the East Germans to be seen as co-operating. The apologists for the RAF argued that they were striving for a true socialist society not the sort that existed in Eastern Europe. The East German government was involved in Ostpolitik, and it was not in its interest to be caught overtly aiding a terrorist organization operating in West Germany. Ostpolitik ( German for Eastern Politics) describes the politics of the "Change Through Rapprochement" principle &mdash as verbalized by Egon Bahr For more details see the History of Germany since 1945. As a consequence of Germany 's defeat in World War II and the onset of the Cold War, the country was split between the two global blocs in the East and West

In the Korean War the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China aided the Communists in North Korea and China against the United Nations forces led by the United States, the Soviet Union did not enter the war directly, though it was allegedly reported that the Soviets had been sending over pilots to fly for the Communists in MiG 15 fighter jets. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES China however did enter the war directly and sent millions of its troops in 1950 preventing the U. N. coalition from defeating the communist government of the north.

In the Vietnam War the Soviet Union supplied North Vietnam and the Viet Minh with training, logistics and material but unlike the United States Armed Forces they fought the war through their proxies and did not enter the conflict directly. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam The Việt Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội, English "League for the Independence of Vietnam" was a National liberation Materials are physical Substances used as inputs to production or Manufacturing. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States

In the war between the Mujahadeen and the Red Army during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the aid given by the U.S. to the Mujahadeen during the war included weapons, supplies and training. A Mujahid (Arabic ar مجاهد, literally "struggler" is a Muslim involved in a Jihad, id est fighting in a war or The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The Soviet war in Afghanistan, also known as the Soviet-Afghan War or just the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, was a nine-year conflict involving The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge skills and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge

During the Lebanese Civil War, Syria supported the Maronite Christian dominated Lebanese Front with arms and troops, while interestingly enough Syria's enemy Israel also supported the Lebanese Front by providing them with arms, tanks and money. The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 was a multifaceted Civil war whose antecedents can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Maronites ( الموارنة,, Syriac: ܡܪܘܢܝܐ, Latin: Ecclesia Maronitarum) are members of one of the Syriac The Lebanese Front (الجبهة اللبنانية was a right-wing coalition of mainly Christian parties formed in 1976, during the Lebanese Civil War For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Soviet-aligned Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) supported the leftist Lebanese National Movement (NLM). The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary The Lebanese National Movement (LNM ( Arabic: الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية) was a front of parties and organizations active during the early years

Angola and Mozambique

Following Angola's independence from Portugal in 1975 (see the Angolan War of Independence) rival nationalist groups began to fight each other for control of the country. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Angolan War of Independence (1961&ndash1974 Civil disobedience (1948-1959 See also 1950s in Angola The Portuguese Colonial Act passed on June The largest and most powerful of these groups was the Marxist-Leninist, MPLA which received massive support from the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc nations in the form of money, logistics and weapons. Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola - Partido do Trabalho is an Angolan political party The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were Later, after the government of Angola requested assistance, Cuba sent what would eventually amass to 40,000 members of the Cuban Armed Forces. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Military of Cuba Military manpower The two primary right-wing insurgent groups were UNITA and the FNLA. The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola) is the second-largest Political party in Angola. The National Front for the Liberation of Angola (Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola is a militant organization that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal UNITA an organization with Maoist roots that would eventually become conservative was originally supported by the People's Republic of China during the 1960s in its war against Portuguese rule. The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola) is the second-largest Political party in Angola. Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES This was at a time when the Soviets and Chinese were supporting opposing forces elsewhere in an attempt to counter each others influence.

Following the end of the independence war the United States and South Africa become UNITA's prime backers, U. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa S. cooperation with the apartheid regime of South Africa in supporting UNITA (an organization with an atrocious human rights record) became controversial. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa In 1975 the South African Defence Force invaded Angola to support UNITA and prevent South West African rebels from establishing a base in Angola. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The South African Defence Force (SADF were the South African Armed forces from 1957 until 1994 Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central SWAPO a left-wing organization dedicated to ending South Africa's rule over South West Africa (now Namibia) was fighting a guerrilla war against the South Africans with the support of Angola's new communist government. The South West Africa People's Organization ( SWAPO) is a Political party and former Liberation movement in Namibia. South-West Africa (Afrikaans Suidwes-Afrika; German Südwestafrika) was the name of what is today the Republic of Namibia. Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast The Central Intelligence Agency, through strong cooperation with South Africa provided aid to both UNITA and the FNLA, however UNITA quickly became the main benefactor of American support. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The FNLA on the other hand, despite a long history of support from the United States was primarily supported by the conservative dictator of Zaire, Mobutu Sese Seko. The Republic of Zaire (pronunciation; République du Zaïre was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between October 27, 1971 Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga ( October 14, 1930 September 7, 1997) known commonly as Mobutu, or Mobutu

In another former Portuguese colony, Mozambique following a very similar independence war against Portugal (see the Portuguese Colonial Wars) a communist rebel group known as FRELIMO seized power. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa The Portuguese Colonial War (Guerra Colonial also known as the Overseas War in Portugal (Guerra do Ultramar or in the former colonies as the The Liberation Front of Mozambique, better known by the acronym FRELIMO, from the Portuguese Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (IPA /fɾeˈlimo/ The communist government of Mozambique supported the rebellion against the white minority led government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election In response, the Rhodesian government organized and then funded an anti-communist rebel group called RENAMO (Mozambique National Resistance) beginning the Mozambican Civil War. The Mozambican National Resistance ( RENAMO; Portuguese: Resistência Nacional Moçambicana) is a conservative Political party in Mozambique The Mozambican Civil War began in 1975 following the war of independence. After Rhodesia collapsed and became Zimbabwe in 1980, South Africa took over supporting RENAMO. In 1991 the South African government began reforms at ending apartheid and also ending its involvement in armed conflict elsewhere. Later that year both South African and Cuban troops withdrew from Angola and in 1992 RENAMO and the government of Mozambique signed a peace accord. UNITA continued to fight the freely elected government of Angola, eventually losing its support from all of its former allies (including the United States and South Africa).

Both the MPLA and Frelimo abandoned their proclaimed "communist" ideologies and evolved into social democratic parties, both countries today are free of civil war and function as multiparty democracies (in spite of massive poverty and corruption issues). The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola - Partido do Trabalho is an Angolan political party The Liberation Front of Mozambique, better known by the acronym FRELIMO, from the Portuguese Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (IPA /fɾeˈlimo/ Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left

Second Congo War

Since the end of the Cold War the largest war by proxy has been the Second Congo War in which the governments of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Rwanda all used (and are perhaps still using) third party armed irregular groups. The Second Congo War, also known as Africa's World War and the Great War of Africa, began in August 1998 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. The Republic of Rwanda (ruːˈændə or /rəˈwɑːndə/ in English ɾwanda or in Kinyarwanda is a small Landlocked country in the

See also

References

Dictionary

proxy war

-noun

  1. A war where two powers use third parties as a supplement to, or a substitute for fighting each other directly.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic