The Province of Carolina from 1663 to 1712, was a North American British proprietary colony, controlled by eight English noblemen including Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury. Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. Anthony Ashley-Cooper 1st Earl of Shaftesbury ( July 22, 1621 &ndash January 21, 1683) known as Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper Dissent over governance of the province led to the appointment of a deputy governor to administer the northern half of the colony in 1691. The division between North and South became complete in 1712, but both colonies remained in the hands of the same group of proprietors. A rebellion against the proprietors broke out in 1719 which led to the appointment of a royal governor for South Carolina in 1720. After nearly a decade in which the British government sought to locate and buy out the proprietors, both North and South Carolina became royal colonies in 1729. The Province of North Carolina was originally part of the Province of Carolina, which was chartered by eight Lords Proprietors. The South Carolina Colony was originally part of the Province of Carolina, which was chartered in 1653
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Brief history
Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II of England rewarded eight persons on March 24, 1663, for their faithful support in his efforts to regain the throne of England. The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland He granted the eight grantees called Lords Proprietors or simply Proprietors the land called Carolina, in honor of Charles I, his father. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution.
1663 Charter
The 1663 charter granted the Lords Proprietor title to all of the land from the southern border of the Virginia Colony from 36 degrees north to 31 degrees north (along the coast of present-day Georgia). The Colony of Virginia (also known frequently as the Virginia Colony and occasionally as the Dominion and Colony of Virginia) was the English colony The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule In 1665, the charter was revised slightly, with the northward boundary extended to 36 degrees 30 minutes north to include the lands of settlers along the Albemarle Sound who had left the Virginia Colony. Albemarle Sound is a large Estuary on the coast of North Carolina in the United States located at the confluence of a group of rivers including the The Colony of Virginia (also known frequently as the Virginia Colony and occasionally as the Dominion and Colony of Virginia) was the English colony Likewise the southern boundary was moved south to 29 degrees north, just south of present-day Daytona Beach, Florida, which had the effect of including the existing Spanish settlement at St. Augustine. The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries St Augustine is the County seat of St Johns County, Florida, in the United States. The charter also granted all the land between from these bounds from the Atlantic to the South Seas. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions
Lords Proprietors
The Lords Proprietors named in the charter were: Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, William Craven, 1st Earl Craven, John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkeley (brother of John), and Sir John Colleton. Henry Hyde 2nd Earl of Clarendon, ( 2 June 1638 Westminster &ndash 31 October 1709 Westminster) was the eldest son of George Monck 1st Duke of Albemarle, KG ( 6 December 1608 &ndash 3 January 1670) was an English soldier and politician John Berkeley 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1602 &ndash August 28, 1678) was the fifth and youngest son of Sir Maurice Berkeley Anthony Ashley-Cooper 1st Earl of Shaftesbury ( July 22, 1621 &ndash January 21, 1683) known as Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper Sir William Berkeley (pronounced "bark-lee" ( Hanworth Manor, Middlesex 1605–Berkeley House Mayfair, London July 9, Sir John Colleton 1st Baronet (1608&ndash1666 served Charles I during the English Civil War. Of the eight, the one taking the most active interest in Carolina was Lord Shaftesbury. Shaftesbury, with the assistance of his secretary, the philosopher John Locke, drafted the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, a plan for government of the colony heavily influenced by the ideas of English political scientist James Harrington. John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704 was an English Philosopher. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina were adopted in March 1669 by the eight Lords Proprietor of Carolina, which included most of the land in between what is Some of the other Lords Proprietors also had interests in other colonies: William Berkeley in Virginia, John Berkeley and George Carteret in the Province of New Jersey. The Colony of Virginia (also known frequently as the Virginia Colony and occasionally as the Dominion and Colony of Virginia) was the English colony The Province of New Jersey was an English Colony that existed within the boundaries of the current U
The Lords Proprietors, while their authority was granted by royal charter, were nonetheless able to exercise that authority with nearly the power of an independent sovereign. The actual government consisted of a Governor, a powerful Council, half of which was appointed by the Lords Proprietors, and a relatively weak popularly elected Assembly.
Although the Lost Colony on Roanoke Island represents the first English attempt at settlement in the Carolina territory, the first permanent English settlement in the area was in 1653, established mainly by emigrants from the Virginia Colony with others from New England and Bermuda. Roanoke Island is an island in Dare County near the coast of North Carolina, United States. The Colony of Virginia (also known frequently as the Virginia Colony and occasionally as the Dominion and Colony of Virginia) was the English colony History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Ba (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Pre-empting the royal charter by ten years, they settled on the banks of the Chowan and Roanoke Rivers in the Albemarle Sound area in the northeast corner of present-day North Carolina. The Chowan River is a Blackwater river formed with the merging of Virginia's Blackwater and Nottoway rivers near the stateline between Virginia The Roanoke River is a river in southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina in the United States, 410 mi (660 km long Albemarle Sound is a large Estuary on the coast of North Carolina in the United States located at the confluence of a group of rivers including the North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States The Albemarle Settlements came to be known in Virginia as "Rogues' Harbor". The Albemarle Settlements were the first permanent English settlements in what is now North Carolina, made in the Albemarle Sound and Roanoke River regions [1]
In 1665, Sir John Yeamans established a second permanent settlement on the Cape Fear River, near present-day Wilmington, North Carolina, called Clarendon. Sir John Yeamans (born about 1605 in Bristol, England, died about 1676 in Barbados ( West Indies) was the Governor of the British See also Geography of North Carolina Wilmington is a city in and the County seat of New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States.
Another region was settled under the Lords Proprietors in 1670 to the south of the other settlements, around present-day Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston is a city in Charleston county in the US state of South Carolina. The Charles-town settlement developed more rapidly than the Albemarle and Cape Fear settlements due to the advantages of a natural harbor and easy access to trade with the West Indies. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Lord Shaftesbury specified the street plan for Charles-town and the nearby Ashley and Cooper Rivers are named for him. The Ashley River is a river in South Carolina, rising from the Wassamassaw and Great Cypress Swamps in Western Berkeley County The Cooper River is a River in the US state of South Carolina.
That southern settlement, which became known as Charleston, was the principal seat of government for the entire province. However, due to their remoteness from each other, the northern and southern sections of the colony operated more or less independently until 1691 with the appointment of Philip Ludwell as governor of both areas. Philip Ludwell (1638-1723 of Richneck Plantation in James City County Virginia is best known for being the royal governor of the British Colony of Carolina From that time until 1708, the northern and southern settlements were under common government. The north continued to have its own assembly and council, the Governor resided in Charleston and appointed a deputy governor for the north. During this period, the two began to become known as North Carolina and South Carolina.
Dissent
From 1708 to 1710, due to dissent over attempts to establish an Anglican state church in the colony, the province was unable to agree upon elected officials and was without recognized and legal government. That, coupled with the Tuscarora War and the Yamasee War, and the inability of the Lords Proprietor to act decisively, led to separate governments for North and South Carolina. The Tuscarora War was fought in North Carolina during the autumn of 1711 until 11 February, 1715 between the British, Dutch, and The Yamasee War (also spelled Yemassee War) ( 1715 - 1717) was a conflict between colonial South Carolina and various Native American Indian Some take this period as the establishment of separate colonies, but that did not officially occur until 1729, when seven of the Lords Proprietor sold their interests in Carolina to the Crown and both North Carolina and South Carolina became royal colonies. The eighth share was Sir George Carteret's, which had passed to his great-grandson John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville. John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville 7th Seigneur of Sark, PC ( 22 April 1690 &ndash 22 January 1763) commonly known by his earlier He retained ownership of a 60-mile wide strip of land in North Carolina adjoining the Virginia boundary, which became known as the Granville District. The Granville District was a 60-mile wide strip of land in the North Carolina colony adjoining the boundary with Virginia, lying between north latitudes 35° 34' and This district was to become a scene for many disputes up to the American Revolutionary War, at which time it was seized by the North Carolina revolutionary government. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots"
Governments under proprietary rule and under crown rule were similarly organized. The primary difference was who was to appoint the governing officials: the Lords Proprietor or the Crown.
Georgia
In 1732, a corporate charter for the Province of Georgia would be carved out of South Carolina by George II of Great Britain. The Province of Georgia (also Georgia Colony) was one of the Southern colonies in British North America. George II (George Augustus 10 November 1683 &ndash 25 October 1760 was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (
Earlier Charter
On October 30, 1629, King Charles I had granted a patent to Sir Robert Heath for the Carolina territory (the lands south of 36 degrees and north of 31 degrees). Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Sir Robert Heath (1575-1649 served King Charles I of England as Attorney General and founded North Carolina. However, Heath made no effort to plant a colony there. King Charles I was executed in 1649 and Heath fled to France where he died. When the monarchy was restored, Heath's heirs attempted to reassert their claim to the land, but Charles II decided that Heath's claim was no longer valid.
See also
- British colonization of the Americas
- Carolana
- List of colonial governors of North Carolina
- List of colonial governors of South Carolina
- Province of North Carolina
- Province of South Carolina
External links
- Royal Patent of Carolina province of 1629
- Carolina Charter of 1663
- Carolina Charter of 1665
- Concessions and Agreements of the Lords Proprietors of the Province of Carolina, 1665
- Sir Robert Heath's Patent
- The Founding of North and South Carolina
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