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The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been British North America consisted of the colonies and territories of the British Empire in continental North America after the end of the American Revolutionary Its formation reflected recommendations made by John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham in the Report on the Affairs of British North America following the Rebellions of 1837. John George Lambton 1st Earl of Durham (also known as Radical Jack, and commonly referred to in history texts simply as Lord Durham) GCB PC The Report on the Affairs of British North America, commonly known as Lord Durham's Report, is an important document in the history of Quebec, Canada The Rebellions of 1837 were a pair of Canadian armed uprisings that occurred in 1837 and 1838 in response to frustrations in political reform and ethnic conflict
The Province of Canada ceased to exist at Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867, when it was redivided into the modern Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk
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History
Before 1841, the territory roughly corresponding to Southern Ontario in Canada belonged to the British colony of the Province of Upper Canada, while the southern portion of Quebec and the Labrador region of Newfoundland and Labrador belonged to the colony of the Province of Lower Canada. Southern Ontario is the portion of the Canadian province of Ontario lying south of the French River and Algonquin Park. The Province of Upper Canada (French Province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation The Province of Lower Canada (French Province du Bas-Canada) was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the One of the cultural differences between Upper and Lower Canada was that the first was primarily anglophone, whereas the latter was francophone. The Act of Union (1840), passed July 23, 1840 by the British parliament and proclaimed by the Crown on February 10, 1841, merged the two colonies by abolishing the legislatures of Upper and Lower Canada and replacing them with a single legislative assembly. The Act of Union (3 & 4 Vict c 35 passed in July 1840 and proclaimed February 10, 1841, abolished the legislatures of Lower Canada and Upper Canada Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link The Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was the Legislature for the Province of Canada, which consisted of the former provinces of Lower Canada
While this new legislature maintained equal representation for both of the former colonies, the democratic nature of Lower Canada's elections were fundamentally flawed. Despite the francophone majority in Lower Canada, most of the power was concentrated on the anglophone minority, who exploited the lack of a secret ballot to intimidate the electorate.
The area that had previously comprised Upper Canada was designated "Canada West", while the area that had comprised Lower Canada was designated "Canada East". The Province of Upper Canada (French Province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario For the Rugby union team that competes in the North America 4 Series, see Canada East (rugby team. After the British North America Act was passed by British Parliament, the Province of Canada ceased to exist. Subsequently, Canada West and Canada East were renamed the Province of Ontario and the Province of Quebec, respectively.
Capitals
The location of the capital city of the Province of Canada changed six times in its 26-year history. The first capital was in Kingston. Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St Notably, the capital moved from Montreal to Toronto in 1849 when rioters protesting the Rebellion Losses Bill burned down Montreal's parliament buildings. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario The Rebellion Losses Bill (full name An Act to provide for the Indemnification of Parties in Lower Canada whose Property was destroyed during the Rebellion in the years 1837 In 1857, Queen Victoria chose Ottawa as the permanent capital of the Province of Canada, initiating construction of Canada's current parliament buildings. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Parliament Hill (colloquially The Hill, French Colline du Parlement) is a scenic location on the southern banks of the Ottawa River in downtown The first stage of this construction was completed in 1865, just in time to host the final session of the last parliament of the Province of Canada before Confederation. The 8th Parliament of the Province of Canada was in session from 1863 to July 1866.
Chronology
- Kingston 1841 - 1843
- Montreal 1843 - 1849
- Toronto 1849 - 1852
- Quebec 1852 - 1856
- Toronto 1856 - 1858
- Quebec 1859 - 1866
- Ottawa 1866 - 1867
Further reading
- Knight, David B. Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. Choosing Canada's capital : conflict resolution in a parliamentary system. 2nd ed. (Ottawa : Carleton University Press, 1991). xix, 398 p. ISBN 0886291488.
Responsible Government
The Act of Union (1840) made no provision for responsible government (i. Responsible government is a conception of a System of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster e. , government responsible to the elected legislature instead of the colonial office); in fact, it explicitly gave the governor general of the province the authority to reject any bill passed by the elected assembly. Early governors general of the province were closely involved in political affairs, maintaining a right to make Executive Council and other appointments without the input of the legislative assembly, and even manipulating election results using intimidating mobs at polling stations. The Executive Council of Ontario (informally and more commonly the Cabinet of Ontario) plays an important role in the Government of Ontario, in accordance with the At this time, secret ballot had not been introduced, so the democratic nature of this colony was fundamentally flawed.
However, in 1848 Governor General James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, appointed a cabinet nominated by the majority party of the Legislative Assembly, the Baldwin-Lafontaine coalition that had won elections in January. James Bruce 8th Earl of Elgin and 12th Earl of Kincardine, KT, GCB, PC ( 20 July 1811 &ndash 20 November 1863 Robert Baldwin (May 12 1804 – December 9 1858 was born at York (now Toronto) Sir Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine (or La Fontaine), 1st Baronet ( October 4 1807 – February 26 1864 Montreal) Lord Elgin upheld the principles of responsible government by not repealing the Rebellion Losses Bill, which was highly unpopular with some English-speaking Tories who favoured imperial over majority rule. The Rebellion Losses Bill (full name An Act to provide for the Indemnification of Parties in Lower Canada whose Property was destroyed during the Rebellion in the years 1837 In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was
Legislative deadlock
As Canada East and Canada West each held 42 seats in the Legislative Assembly, there was legislative deadlock between English, mainly from Canada West, and French, mainly from Canada East. The Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was the Legislature for the Province of Canada, which consisted of the former provinces of Lower Canada Initially, the majority of the province was French, and demanded "rep-by-pop" (representation by population), which the anglophones opposed. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( In Politics, representation describes how political power is alienated from most of the members of a group and vested for a certain time period in the hands of a small subset
Once the English population, rapidly growing due to immigration, exceeded the French, the English demanded rep-by-pop. In the end, the legislative deadlock between English and French led to a movement for a federal union which resulted in the broader Canadian Confederation in 1867. Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting
Accomplishments
Amongst its accomplishments, the United Province of Canada negotiated the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 with the United States, built the Grand Trunk Railway, improved the educational system in Canada West under Egerton Ryerson, reinstated French as an official language of the legislature and the courts, codified the Civil Code of Lower Canada in 1866, and abolished the seigneurial system in Canada East. The Canadian American Reciprocity Treaty, also known as the Elgin - Marcy Treaty, was a trade treaty between the colonies of British North America The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR was a railway system which operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, as well as the American Adolphus Egerton Ryerson ( 24 March 1803 &ndash 19 February 1882) was a minister, Educator, Politician, The Civil Code of Québec ( Code civil du Québec) is the Civil code in force in the province of Quebec, Canada. The seigneurial system of New France was the semi- feudal system of land distribution used in the colonies of New France.
Longstanding municipal reform was another important achievement. Originally, local government in Canada West operated mainly at the district level, until 1849, when a system based on counties was introduced. In 1841, elected district councils were introduced; prior to that time, officials were appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor.
Population
| Year | Population (Lower) Canada East | Population (Upper) Canada West |
|---|---|---|
| 1841 | n/a | 455,688 |
| 1844 | 697,084 | n/a |
| 1848 | 765,797-786,693 estimates | 725,879 |
| 1851-52 | 890,261 | 952,004 |
| 1860-61 | 1,111,566 | 1,396,091 |
- Source: Statistics Canada website Censuses of Canada 1665 to 1871. [1]
See also
Political history
- Canada under British Imperial control (1764-1867)
- List of elections in the Province of Canada
- List of Governors General of Canada
Political structure
New France under British Rule See also Province of Quebec (1763-1791 In North America Seven Years' War officially ended with the signing of the The Province of Canada was the union of Canada West (formerly Upper Canada and later Ontario) and Canada East (formerly Lower The following is a list of the Governors and Governors General of Canada, and of the previous territories and colonies that now make up the country Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada were the leaders of the Province of Canada, from the 1841 unification of Upper Canada and Lower Canada The Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was the Legislature for the Province of Canada, which consisted of the former provinces of Lower CanadaDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic