Project Genie was a computer research project started in 1964 at the University of California, Berkeley by J.C.R. Licklider, the head of DARPA at that time. A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider ( March 11, 1915 &ndash June 26, 1990) known simply as J The project was a smaller counterpart to MIT's Project MAC. Project MAC (the MIT Project on Mathematics and Computation later the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science ( LCS) was a research laboratory at MIT
Project Genie pioneered several computer hardware techniques, such as commercial time-sharing which allowed end-user programming in machine language, separate protected user modes, memory paging, and protected memory. Machine code or machine language is a system of instructions and data executed directly by a Computer 's Central processing unit. Memory protection is a way to control memory usage on a computer and is core to virtually every Operating system. Concepts from Project Genie influenced the development of the TENEX operating system for the PDP-10 and Unix (Unix co-creator Ken Thompson worked on an SDS 940 while at Berkeley). The TOPS-20 Operating system by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC was the second proprietary OS for the PDP-10. The PDP-10 was a Mainframe computer manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC from the late 1960s on the name stands for "Programmed Data Processor Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with Small caps) is a computer Kenneth Lane Thompson (born February 4 1943) commonly referred to as Ken Thompson (or simply The SDS 940 mainframe was used by Douglas Engelbart's OnLine System at the Stanford Research Institute and was the first computer used by the Community Memory Project at Berkeley. Mainframes (often colloquially referred to as Big Iron) are Computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications typically bulk data Dr Douglas C Engelbart (born January 30 1925 is an American Inventor. SRI International, based in the United States is one of the world's largest contract Research institutes.
The system that SDS (later XDS) would call the 940 was created by modifying an SDS 930 24-bit commercial computer so that it could be used for timesharing. Scientific Data Systems, or SDS, was an American Computer company founded in September 1961 by Max Palevsky, a veteran of Packard Bell The work was funded by ARPA and directed by the late Dr. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new Technology Mel Pirtle at and Dr. Wayne Lichtenberger at UC Berkeley. Butler Lampson, Chuck Thacker, and L. Peter Deutsch were among the young technical leaders of that project. Butler W Lampson (born 1943 is a renowned Computer scientist. Charles P (Chuck Thacker is a technical fellow and computer pioneer L Peter Deutsch or Peter Deutsch (born Laurence Peter Deutsch) is the founder of Aladdin Enterprises and creator of Ghostscript, a free software PostScript When completed and in service, the first 940 ran reliably in spite of its array of tricky mechanical issues such as a huge disk drive driven by hydraulic arms! It served about forty or fifty users at a time and still managed to drive a graphics subsystem that was quite capable for its time.
When SDS realized the value of the time sharing system, and that the software was in the public domain, they came back to Berkeley and collected enough information to begin manufacturing. Because SDS manufacturing was overloaded with the 9 series production and the startup of the Sigma Series production, it could not incorporate the 940 modifications into the standard production line. Instead, production of the 940s was turned over to the Systems Engineering Department, which manufactured systems customised to user requirements. To produce a 940, the Systems Engineering Department ordered a 930 from SDS manufacturing, installed the modifications developed by the Berkeley engineers, and shipped machine to the SDS customer as a 940.
Several members of the project left UCB to form the Berkeley Computer Corporation (BCC), which produced one prototype, the BCC-500. When the company went bankrupt, the BCC-500 was transferred to the University of Hawaii, where it continued in use through the 1970s. The University of Hawaii, formally the University of Hawaii System and popularly known as UH, is a public co-educational college and university system that confers
Several BCC employees became the core of Xerox PARC's computer research group (Deutsch, Lampson and Thacker) in 1970. PARC (Palo Alto Research Center Inc formerly Xerox PARC, is a Research and development company in Palo Alto California that began as a division of Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dr. Lichtenberger went to the University of Hawaii, and Dr. Pirtle became technical director for the ILLIAC IV project at NASA Ames Research Center. ILLIAC IV was one of the most infamous Supercomputers ever in a series of research machines ILLIACs, from the University of Illinois. NASA Ames Research Center (ARC is a NASA facility located at Moffett Federal Airfield, which covers 43 acres at the borders of the cities of Mountain View
See also: DARPA, California, computer science
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The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new Technology California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the Science of the theoretical foundations of Information and Computation and theirDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic