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For other uses, see Prohibition (disambiguation).
For the general concept, see Prohibitionism. Prohibitionism is a Legal philosophy and Political theory often used in Lobbying which holds that citizens will abstain from actions if the actions are
For prohibition of certain other drugs, see Prohibition (drugs). The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary Legislation or Religious law is a common means of attempting to control Drug use and the
Prescription form for medicinal liquor
Prescription form for medicinal liquor

Prohibition of alcohol, often shortened to the term prohibition, also known as Dry Law, refers to a sumptuary law in a jurisdiction which prohibits alcohol. Sumptuary laws (from Latin sumptuariae leges) are Laws which attempt to regulate habits of consumption In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon Typically, the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. The term can also apply to the periods in the histories of the countries during which the prohibition of alcohol was enforced. Usually the term as referred to a historical period is applied to countries of European culture. In the Muslim World, consumption of alcoholic beverages is forbidden according to Islamic Law. The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law.

In the early twentieth century, much of the impetus for the prohibition movement in the Nordic countries and North America came from Protestant wariness of alcohol. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. [1]

The first half of the 20th century saw periods of prohibition of alcoholic beverages in several countries:

Contents

North America

Nordic countries

The Nordic countries, with the exception of Denmark, have had a long temperance tradition. Prince Edward Island (ˌprɪns ˌɛdwɚd ˈaɪlɨnd ( PEI or P Prohibition in Canada refers to a movement and a succession of actions at the local county and provincial levels for the Prohibition of alcohol, beginning in the late 19th century Prohibition in Russian Empire and Soviet Union existed during 1914-1925 Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol The Hungarian Soviet Republic or Soviet Republic of Hungary (Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság was a Communist regime established in Hungary from Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol In the United States, the term Prohibition refers to the period from 1920 to 1933 during which the sale manufacture and transportation of alcohol for consumption In the United States, the term Prohibition refers to the period from 1920 to 1933 during which the sale manufacture and transportation of alcohol for consumption Prohibition in Canada refers to a movement and a succession of actions at the local county and provincial levels for the Prohibition of alcohol, beginning in the late 19th century The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe called the Nordic region, consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Prohibition was enforced in Iceland from 1915 to 1922 (with beer prohibited until 1989), in Norway from 1916 to 1927 and in Finland between 1919 and 1932. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Sweden utilized a rationing system (Brattsystemet or "motboken") between 1914 and 1955; a referendum in 1922 rejected total prohibition. The Bratt System was a Swedish system which was used during 1917 - 1955 to control Alcohol consumption by Rationing of liquor The Bratt System was a Swedish system which was used during 1917 - 1955 to control Alcohol consumption by Rationing of liquor A Referendum on Prohibition of alcohol was held in Sweden on the August 27, 1922. Alcohol was still prohibited in the Faroe Islands until 1992. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Nordic countries today, with the exception of Denmark, strictly control the sale of alcohol. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe There are government monopolies in place for selling liquors, wine and stronger beers to consumers, in Norway (Vinmonopolet), Sweden (Systembolaget), Iceland (Vínbúðin) and Finland (Alko). An alcohol monopoly is a Government monopoly on some or all Alcoholic beverages, such as Beer, Wine and spirits. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Vinmonopolet (The Wine Monopoly commonly shortened to Polet, is a government owned Alcoholic beverage Retailer and the only company allowed to sell beverages "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Systembolaget ( colloquially known as systemet "the system" or bolaget "the company" literal English translation the System Company Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Vínbúð, Wine shop, is a chain of 46 stores run by the Icelandic alcohol & Tobacco Monopoly - ÁTVR, locally called Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Alko is the national Alcoholic beverage retailing monopoly in Finland. Corporations, like bars and restaurants, may import alcoholic beverages directly or through other companies. The temperance movement in Scandinavia (parts of which are affiliated with the International Organisation of Good Templars), which advocates strict government regulations concerning the consumption of alcohol, have seen a decline in membership numbers and activity during the past decades but are now on the rise again, in example Swedish IOGT-NTO having a net gain of 12,500 members in 2005. See also Prohibition, Teetotalism The Temperance Movement attempted to reduce the amount of Alcohol consumed within a community or society in Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well The IOGT Internatinal (formerly known as the International Organisation of Good Templars and International Order of Good Templars and the Independent Order of IOGT-NTO is a Swedish temperance movement, the Swedish branch of IOGT International.

See also: Alcoholic beverages in Sweden and Algoth Niska

Russia and Soviet Union

Main article: Prohibition in Russian Empire and Soviet Union

In the Russian Empire, a Dry Law was introduced in 1914. Alcoholic beverages are as common in Sweden as in most of the Western world. Algoth Niska (1888-1954 was a Finnish bootlegger and adventurer Prohibition in Russian Empire and Soviet Union existed during 1914-1925 The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya It continued through the turmoil of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Russian Civil War into the period of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union until 1925. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991

Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia

Alcohol is prohibited in some Muslim countries because of Quranic cautions against the drink:

"Shaitân (Satan) wants only to excite enmity and hatred between you with intoxicants (alcoholic drinks) and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of Allâh (God) and from As-Salât (the prayer). So, will you not then abstain?"[Qur'an 5:91][1]
"They ask you (O Muhammad) concerning alcoholic drink and gambling. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Say: "In them is a great sin, and (some) benefit for men, but the sin of them is greater than their benefit. " And they ask you what they ought to spend. Say: "That which is beyond your needs. " Thus Allâh makes clear to you His Laws in order that you may give thought. "[Qur'an 2:219] [2]

Saudi Arabia completely bans the production, importation or consumption of alcohol and imposes strict penalties on those violating the ban, including weeks to months of imprisonment, and possible lashes, as does Kuwait. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed During the Gulf War in 1991, the Coalition banned its troops in Saudi Arabia from drinking alcohol in order to show respect for local beliefs.

Qatar bans the importation of alcohol and it is a punishable offense to drink alcohol or be drunk in public. Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated Offenders may incur a prison sentence or deportation. Alcohol is, however, available at licensed hotel restaurants and bars, and expatriates living in Qatar can obtain alcohol on a permit system. An expatriate (in abbreviated form expat) is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of the person's upbringing

The United Arab Emirates restricts the purchase of alcohol from a liquor store to non-Muslim foreigners who have residence permits and who have an Interior Ministry liquor license. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion However bars, clubs, and other establishments with liquor licenses do not face the same restrictions.

Alcohol was first permitted in Bahrain, known to be the most progressive Persian Gulf state and the earliest to prosper, popular with those crossing the causeway from Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Bahrain (in مملكة البحرين,, literally Kingdom of the Two Seas) is an Island country in the Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the

Iran began restricting alcohol consumption and production soon after the 1979 Revolution, with harsh penalties meted out for violations of the law. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Iranian Revolution' (mostly known as the Islamic Revolution, Persian: انقلاب اسلامی Enghelābe Eslāmi was the Revolution that transformed However, there is widespread violation of the law. Officially recognized non-Muslim minorities are allowed to produce alcoholic beverages for their own private consumption and for religious rites such as the Eucharist. The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those

Alcohol was banned in Afghanistan during the rule of the Taliban. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately In the wake of the ousting from power of the Taliban, the ban was lifted for foreigners, who can buy alcohol in certain shops on presentation of their passport to prove they are foreigners.

Libya bans the import, sale and consumption of alcohol, with heavy penalties for offenders. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Tunisia has a selective ban on alcohol products other than wine, with consumption and sale being allowed in special zones or bars "for tourists" and in big cities [3]. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Wine, however, is widely available. Morocco prohibits the sale of alcohol during Ramadan [4]

Sudan has banned all alcohol consumption and extends serious penalties to offenders. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Ramadan or Ramazan ( Arabic: رمضان Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa.

Many other Arab or mainly Muslim countries such as Egypt do not have any ban on alcohol and production as well as consumption are legal, under the provision that minors below the age of 18 cannot legally purchase alcoholic beverages.

South Asia

Some states of India are dry, for example the states of Gujarat and Mizoram. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. Mizoram is one of the Seven Sister States in North Eastern India. Certain national holidays such as Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (birthdate of Mahatma Gandhi) are meant to be dry nationally. Gandhi Jayanti Bold text is a national holiday celebrated in India to mark the occasion of the Birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, the " Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January The state of Andhra Pradesh had imposed Prohibition under the Chief Ministership of N. T. Rama Rao but this was thereafter lifted.

Pakistan allowed the free sale and consumption of alcohol for three decades from 1947, but restrictions were introduced by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto just weeks before he was removed as prime minister in 1977. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto ( Urdu: ur '''ذوالفقار علی بھٹو''' Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو, zʊlfɪqɑːɾ ɑli bɦʊʈːoː Since then, only members of non-Muslim minorities such as Hindus, Christians and Zoroastrians are allowed to apply for permits for alcohol. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings The monthly quota depends on their income but is usually about five bottles of liquor or 100 bottles of beer. In a country of 140 million, only about 60 outlets are allowed to sell alcohol and has only one legal brewery, Murree Brewery in Rawalpindi. Murree Brewery is the maker of Pakistan 's premier Beer brand Murree Beer ( Urdu: Rāwalpindī) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistan 's capital city of Islamabad, in the province Enforced by the country's Islamic Ideology Council, the ban is strictly policed. However, members of religious minorities often sell their liquor permits to Muslims and a black market trade in alcohol continues. [2]

Bangladesh has also imposed prohibition, though some hotels and restaurants are licensed to sell alcohol to foreigners. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Foreigners (but not locals) are allowed to import small quantities of alcohol for personal use.

The Maldives ban the import of alcohol. The Maldives ( or, or Maldive Islands) officially the Republic of Maldives, is an Island nation consisting of a group of atolls stretching Alcoholic beverages are available only to foreign tourists on resort islands and may not be taken off the resort.

Southeast Asia

Thailand bans the selling of alcohol during the afternoon to prevent schoolchildren from buying alcohol. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The electronic cashiers of supermarkets and convenience stores are programmed not to accept alcoholic beverages during this time, but cashiers frequently circumvent the register restrictions by scanning a non-alcoholic item of equal value.

In Brunei alcohol consumption in public is banned and there is no sale of alcohol. Brunei Darussalam, (bruːˈnaɪ in English officially the State of Brunei Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam Jawi: برني دارالسلام Non-Muslims are allowed to purchase a limited amount of alcohol from their point of embarkation overseas for their own private consumption. Non-Muslims over 17 years of age may be allowed to bring in not more than two bottles of liquor (about two quarts) and twelve cans of beer per person into the country.

Australia

The first consignment of liquor for Canberra, following the repeal of prohibition laws in 1928.
The first consignment of liquor for Canberra, following the repeal of prohibition laws in 1928.

Alcohol is prohibited in many remote indigenous communities across Australia. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Penalties for transporting alcohol into these "dry" communities are severe and can result in confiscation of any vehicles involved; in dry areas within the Northern Territory, all vehicles used to transport alcohol are seized and there is no right of appeal. The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the center of the mainland continent as well as the central northern regions

Because alcohol consumption has been known to lead to violence, some communities sought a safer alternative in substances such as kava, especially in the Northern Territory. KAVA (1480 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the center of the mainland continent as well as the central northern regions Over-indulgence in kava causes sleepiness, rather than the violence that can result from over-indulgence in alcohol. These and other measures to counter alcohol abuse met with variable success, with some communities seeing decreased social problems and others reporting no decreases. The ANCD study notes that in order to be effective, programs in general need also to address ". . . the underlying structural determinants that have a significant impact on alcohol and drug misuse" (Op. cit. , p. 26). The Federal government banned kava imports into the Northern Territory in 2007[3].


There have been various places proclaimed alcohol free in the past, including Australia's capital city, Canberra, which was dry from 1910 to 1928. Canberra ( is the capital city of Australia With a population of over 340000 it is Australia's largest inland City. The American born politician King O'Malley ran this legislation through Federal Parliament in Melbourne at the time the capital territory was established. King O'Malley (July 1858 – 20 December 1953) was an Australian politician When Federal Parliament moved from Melbourne to Canberra in 1927, one of the first pieces of legislation passed in the new Parliament House was the repeal of O'Malley's prohibition laws.

A number of Melbourne's suburbs had a long running prohibition on the sale (though not consumption) of alcohol. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 One or two still exist, including the Camberwell region of Boroondara. Ascot Vale was founded as a dry suburb, but hotels were soon built at the outside corners of the settlement.

Similarly, the irrigation settlement of Mildura was also founded with a prohibition on the sale of alcohol in 1887. Mildura is a regional city in northwestern Victoria, Australia, part of the Rural City of Mildura. This was inaugurated by its founders, the Chaffey brothers. However, the brothers also operated a winery, even producing fortified wine. Fortified wine is Wine to which alcohol (usually Brandy) has been added Alcohol was readily available from nearby Wentworth however, and the ban was eventually lifted. Wentworth is a small border town in the far south west of the state of New South Wales, Australia.

References

  1. ^ Hakim, Joy (1995). War, Peace, and all that Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 16-20.  
  2. ^ Lone brewer small beer in Pakistan - theage.com.au
  3. ^ Australian Broadcasting Commission (2007) "Kava Ban 'Sparks Black Market Boom'", ABC Darwin 23 August 2007 http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/08/23/2012707.htm?site=darwin Accessed 18 October 2007

Further reading

See also

External links

Production Uses Usually large scale distillation is practiced for the purpose of making ethanol for drinking, yet it may also practiced for creating Biofuel The dance or go-fast boat is a high performance Boat of a characteristic design Rum-running is the business of Smuggling or transporting of Alcoholic beverages illegally usually to circumvent Taxation or Prohibition. Drug liberalization is the process of eliminating or reducing Drug prohibition laws The Alcohol and Drugs History Society is a scholarly organization whose members study the history of a variety of illegal regulated and unregulated Drugs such as Opium

Dictionary

prohibition

-noun

  1. A law that prohibits something.
  2. Something that is forbidden, disallowed, or proscribed; something illegal or illicit.

Prohibition

-proper noun

  1. (history) any of several periods during which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages were restricted or illegal
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