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For the Swedish political music movement, see progg. Progg, a contraction of the Swedish for progressive music ("progressiv musik" was a Left-wing and anti-commercial Musical movement
For the radio format, see progressive rock (radio format). Progressive rock is a Radio station programming format that prospered in the late 1960s and 1970s in which the Disc jockeys are given wide latitude
Progressive rock
Stylistic origins
Cultural origins
mid-late 1960s, United Kingdom, United States, Italy, and Germany
Typical instruments
Mainstream popularity High in the 1970s, revival in the 1980s, moderate in the 1990s, and a resurgence in the 2000s. Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly Blues-rock is a hybrid musical genre combining Bluesy improvisations over the 12-bar blues and extended Boogie jams with Rock Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of Folk music and rock music. Avant-garde music is a subjective term that can be used in different ways Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. Experimental rock or avant-garde rock is a type of music based on rock which experiments with the basic elements of the genre and/or which pushes the boundaries The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its The clarinet is a Musical instrument in the Woodwind family The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member The viola is a bowed String instrument. It is the middle voice of the Violin family, The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. The violoncello (abbreviated to cello, or 'cello, plural cellos or celli —the c is tʃ The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The trombone is a Musical instrument in the brass family Like all brass instruments it is a lip-reed Aerophone: sound is produced when the player’s
Subgenres
Symphonic rock – Neo-Prog – New prog - Space rock – Krautrock – Canterbury scene – Progressive metal – Zeuhl

Progressive rock (often shortened to "progressive" or "prog" rock) is a form of rock music that evolved in the late-1960s and early 1970s as part of a "mostly British attempt to elevate rock music to new levels of artistic credibility. Symphonic rock is a subgenre of rock music, and more specifically Progressive rock. Neo-progressive rock (or often shortened to neo-prog, not to be confused with the significantly more modern New prog) is a sub- Genre of New prog (sometimes called " Nu prog " or " post-prog " is a term used to describe a number of recent Alternative rock bands who incorporate Space rock is a subgenre of Rock music; the term originally referred to a group of early mostly British 1970s Progressive rock and psychedelic Krautrock is a generic name for the Experimental music scene that appeared in Germany in the late 1960s and gained popularity throughout the 1970s especially in Britain The Canterbury scene (or Canterbury sound) is a term used to loosely describe the group of Progressive rock, Avant-garde and jazz musicians many of whom Progressive metal (often referred to simply as prog metal) is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music which blends the powerful guitar-driven sound of metal with the complex Zeuhl (Pronunciation zEU(hl means celestial in Kobaïan, the Constructed language created by Christian Vander. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. "[1] The term "art rock" is often used interchangeably with "progressive rock", though the two genres are not identical. Art rock is a term describing a subgenre of Rock music that tends to have "experimental or avant-garde influences" and emphasizes "novel sonic texture [1]

Progressive rock bands pushed "rock's technical and compositional boundaries"[1] by going beyond the standard rock or popular verse-chorus based song structures. A refrain (from Vulgar Latin refringere, "to repeat" and later from Old French refraindre) is the Line or lines that are The structures or Musical forms of Songs in Popular music are typically sectional forms such as Strophic form. Additionally, the arrangements often incorporate elements drawn from classical, jazz, and world music. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The term world music includes Traditional music (sometimes called Folk music or roots music of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians Instrumental songs are common, while songs with lyrics are sometimes conceptual, abstract, or based in fantasy. Progressive rock bands sometimes used "concept albums that made unified statements, usually telling an epic story or tackling a grand overarching theme". In Popular music, a concept album is an Album which is "unified by a theme which can be instrumental compositional narrative or lyrical" [1]

Progressive rock developed from late-1960s psychedelic rock[1], as part of a wide-ranging tendency in rock music of this era to draw inspiration from ever more diverse influences. Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. The term was applied to the music of bands such as King Crimson, Yes, Genesis, Pink Floyd, Jethro Tull, Gentle Giant, The Moody Blues, and Emerson, Lake and Palmer, and came into most widespread use around the mid-1970s. King Crimson is a Progressive rock band founded by guitarist Robert Fripp and drummer Michael Giles in 1969 Yes are an English Progressive rock band that formed in London in 1968. Genesis are an English rock band formed in 1967 With approximately 150 million albums sold worldwide Genesis are among the top 30 highest-selling recording artists Pink Floyd are Gentle Giant was a British Progressive rock band, one of the most experimental of the 1970s The Moody Blues are an English psychedelic rock band originally from Erdington in the city of Birmingham. Emerson Lake & Palmer ( ELP) were an English Progressive rock supergroup. While progressive rock reached the peak of its popularity in the 1970s and early 1980s, neo-progressive bands have continued playing for faithful audiences in the subsequent decades. Neo-progressive rock (or often shortened to neo-prog, not to be confused with the significantly more modern New prog) is a sub- Genre of [1]

Contents

Characteristics

Musical characteristics

Form: Progressive rock songs either avoid common popular music song structures of verse-chorus-bridge, or blur the formal distinctions by extending sections or inserting musical interludes, often with exaggerated dynamics to heighten contrast between sections. The term musical form refers to two related concepts the type of composition (for example a musical work can have the form of a Symphony, a Classical forms are often inserted or substituted, sometimes yielding entire suites, building on the traditional medleys of earlier rock bands. In Music, a suite is an ordered set of Instrumental or Orchestral pieces normally performed in a Concert In Music, a medley is a piece composed from parts of existing pieces played one after another sometimes Overlapping. Progressive rock songs also often have extended instrumental passages, marrying the classical solo tradition with the improvisational traditions of jazz and psychedelic rock. Musical Improvisation is the creative activity of immediate Musical composition, which combines performance with communication of emotions and instrumental All of these tend to add length to progressive rock songs, which may last longer than twenty minutes.

Timbre (instrumentation and tone color): Early progressive rock groups expanded the timbral palette of the then-traditional rock instrumentation of guitar, organ, bass, and drums by adding less typical instruments, such as flute, saxophone and violin, and exploring the capabilities of new electronic keyboards, synthesizers, and electronic effects. In Music, timbre (ˈtæm-bər' like timber, or, from Fr timbre tɛ̃bʁ is the quality of a Musical note or sound that distinguishes different The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member An electronic keyboard or digital keyboard is a type of Keyboard instrument. Modern progressive rock artists continue the tradition of experimenting with new and different sounds and instruments. Some instruments – most notably, the Moog synthesizer and the Mellotron – have become closely associated with the genre. The term Moog (ˈmoʊg as in 'vogue' Synthesizer can refer to any number of Analog synthesizers designed by Dr The Mellotron is an electro-mechanical polyphonic keyboard originally developed and built in Birmingham, England in the early 1960s

Rhythm: Drawing on their classical, jazz, and experimental influences, progressive rock artists explore a variety of time signatures, syncopation, polyrhythms, and tempo changes uncommon to mainstream rock. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats In Music, syncopation includes a variety of Rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced 2266-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl or TEMPO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH23(CMe22NO The lack of a single, steady beat marks progressive rock as a genre less concerned with danceability than with listening.

Melody and Harmony: Music critic Piero Scaruffi argues that progressive rock has less of a melodic focus than other types of rock; he states that "progressive-rock is rock music that is not mainly melodic"[2] In prog rock, the blues inflections of mainstream rock are often supplanted by jazz and classical influences. In Music, a melody (from Greek μελῳδία - melōidía, "singing chanting" also tune, voice, or In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously and chords actual or implied in Music. Melodies are more likely to be modal than based on the pentatonic scale. In Music, a scale is an ordered series of Musical intervals which along with the key or tonic, define the pitches However mode A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five pitches per Octave in contrast to an heptatonic (seven note scale such as the Major scale Chords and chord progressions are also frequently modal, and augmented with 6ths, 7ths, 9ths, and compound intervals; and the I-IV-V progression is much less common. A chord progression (also chord sequence and harmonic progression or sequence) is a series of chords played in order Allusions to, or even direct quotes from, well-known classical themes are common. Some bands have explored atonal or dissonant harmonies, and a few have even worked with rudimentary serialism. In Music, serialism is a technique for composition that uses sets to describe musical elements, and allows the manipulation of those

Texture and imagery: Ambient soundscapes and theatrical elements are often used to describe scenes, events or other aspects of the concept. Ambient music is a Musical genre in which sound is more important than notes A soundscape is a Sound or combination of sounds that forms or arises from an immersive environment. A Wagner-style leitmotif is used to represent the various characters in Genesis' "Harold the Barrel" and "Robbery, Assault and Battery. " The sounds of clocks and cash registers are used to represent time and money in Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon. Pink Floyd are The Dark Side of the Moon (titled Dark Side of the Moon in the 1993 CD edition is a Concept album by the British Progressive

Other characteristics

Technology: To aid their timbral exploration, progressive rock bands were often early adopters of new electronic musical instruments and technologies. Emerson Lake and Palmer pioneered use of the Moog synthesizer, and the mellotron was a signature sound of early progressive bands such as the Moody Blues, King Crimson, and Genesis. Emerson Lake & Palmer ( ELP) were an English Progressive rock supergroup. The term Moog (ˈmoʊg as in 'vogue' Synthesizer can refer to any number of Analog synthesizers designed by Dr The Mellotron is an electro-mechanical polyphonic keyboard originally developed and built in Birmingham, England in the early 1960s The Moody Blues are an English psychedelic rock band originally from Erdington in the city of Birmingham. King Crimson is a Progressive rock band founded by guitarist Robert Fripp and drummer Michael Giles in 1969 Genesis are an English rock band formed in 1967 With approximately 150 million albums sold worldwide Genesis are among the top 30 highest-selling recording artists In the late 1970s, Robert Fripp, of King Crimson, and Brian Eno developed an analog tape loops effect (Frippertronics). Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946 in Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England) is a Guitarist, Composer and a Record Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable of the signal is a representation of some other Tape loops are loops of prerecorded Magnetic tape used to create repetitive rhythmic musical patterns or dense layers of sound --> Frippertronics is a system of Tape loops originally developed in the electronic music studios of the early 1960s and first used by In the 1980s, Frank Zappa used the Synclavier for composing and recording, and King Crimson utilized MIDI-enabled guitars, a Chapman Stick, and electronic percussion. Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21 1940 – December 4 1993 was an American Composer, Electric guitarist Record producer and Film director The Synclavier System was an early Synthesizer and sampler, manufactured by New England Digital. MIDI ( Musical Instrument Digital Interface, ˈmɪdi is an industry-standard protocol that enables Electronic musical instruments Computers The Chapman Stick is an electric Musical instrument devised by Emmett Chapman in the early 1970s

Concept albums: Though not unique to progressive rock, collections of songs unified by an elaborate, overarching theme or story are common to the genre. In Popular music, a concept album is an Album which is "unified by a theme which can be instrumental compositional narrative or lyrical" As progressive rock songs are, themselves, quite long, such collections have frequently exceeded the maximum length of recorded media, resulting in packages that require multiple vinyl discs, cassettes, or even compact discs to present a single album. Concepts have included the historical, fantastical, and metaphysical, and even, in the case of Jethro Tull's Thick as a Brick, poking fun at concept albums. History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Fantastic is a literary term that describes a quality of other literary genres and in some cases is used as a genre in and of itself although in this case it is often conflated with the Jethro Tull are a British rock group formed in 1967-1968 Their music is marked by the distinctive vocal style and lead Flute work of front man Thick as a Brick (1972 is a Concept album by the British rock band Jethro Tull.

Lyrical themes: Even outside of concept albums, progressive rock often has lyrical ambition similar to its musical ambition – avoiding typical rock/pop subjects such as love, dancing, etc. and focusing on the kinds of themes found in literature. Lyricists such as Ian Anderson (Jethro Tull), Peter Hammill (Van Der Graaf Generator), and Pete Sinfield (King Crimson and ELP) wrote elaborate lyrics combining introspection, social commentary, and poetic influences. Genesis often wrote surreal stories in their lyrics, while Roger Waters (Pink Floyd) combined social criticism with the personal struggles with greed, madness, and death. Literature, mythology, and folklore are also common themes and influences of progressive rock. Though fantasy and science-fiction themes are much less prevalent than some critics claim, they are part of the common stereotype of progressive rock.

Presentation: Album art and packaging is often an important part of the artistic concept. An album cover is the front of the packaging of a commercially-released audio recording product or Album. This trend began with The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band and played a major part in the marketing of progressive rock. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is the eighth studio album by the British rock band The Beatles. Some bands became as well known for the art direction of their albums as for their sound, with the "look" integrated into the band's overall musical identity. This led to fame for particular artists and design studios, most notably Roger Dean for his work with Yes, and Storm Thorgerson and his studio Hipgnosis for their work with Pink Floyd and several other progressive rock groups. Roger Dean (born August 31, 1944, in Ashford Kent) is an English Artist. Yes are an English Progressive rock band that formed in London in 1968. Storm Thorgerson (born 1944 in Potters Bar, which was in Middlesex at the time and is now in Hertfordshire) is an English Graphic designer. Hipgnosis was a British art design group that specialized in creating cover art for the Albums of rock musicians and bands most notably

Stage theatrics: Beginning in the early 1970s, some progressive rock bands began incorporating elaborate and sometimes flamboyant stage theatrics into their concerts. Genesis lead singer Peter Gabriel wore many different colourful and exotic costumes in one show, and the band used lasers and giant mirrors synchronized with the music. Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950 in Chobham, Surrey, England) is an English Musician and Songwriter. Yes incorporated futuristic stage sets designed by Roger Dean, including massive spaceship props and complex lighting. Yes also performed 'in-the-round', with the band on a round stage set up in the middle of the arena. Jethro Tull released rabbits on stage (see here). Jethro Tull are a British rock group formed in 1967-1968 Their music is marked by the distinctive vocal style and lead Flute work of front man One of ELP's many stage antics include Emerson's "flying piano" at the California Jam concert, in which a Steinway grand piano would be spun from a hoist. Keith Noel Emerson (born 2 November 1944 in Todmorden, West Yorkshire) is a British Keyboard player and composer California Jam was a Rock music festival concert held at the Ontario Motor Speedway in Ontario California on April 6, 1974.

Pink Floyd used many stage effects, including crashing aeroplanes, a giant floating pig, massive projection screens, and, in 1980, an enormous mock brick wall for The Wall performances. Rush incorporated lasers and film backdrops into their stage show. Rush is a Canadian rock band originally formed in August 1968 in the Willowdale neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, currently comprised of Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention used a giant giraffe prop and did improvisational comedy skits. Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21 1940 – December 4 1993 was an American Composer, Electric guitarist Record producer and Film director The Mothers of Invention was an American Rock and roll band active from 1964 to 1975 Marillion's former lead singer Fish wore a jester costume inspired by the band's first album, Script for a Jester's Tear. Marillion are a British rock group Formed in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England in 1979 their recorded studio output comprises Derek William Dick, better known as Fish (born 25 April 1958, in Dalkeith, Midlothian) is a Scottish Progressive Script for a Jester's Tear is the first album by the Progressive rock band Marillion.

History

Precursors

All Music Guide and ProgressiveRock. allmusic (previously All Music Guide) is a Metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. com have both cited the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band as the turning point at which progressive rock started. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is the eighth studio album by the British rock band The Beatles. Earlier albums such as Rubber Soul and Revolver had begun incorporating Eastern music and instruments not common in rock music. Rubber Soul is the sixth studio album by the English rock band The Beatles. rEVOLVEr is the fourth studio album by Swedish metal band The Haunted. The Beatles popularized the mellotron in "Strawberry Fields Forever" which later became important in progressive rock. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 The Mellotron is an electro-mechanical polyphonic keyboard originally developed and built in Birmingham, England in the early 1960s " Strawberry Fields Forever " is a song by the English rock band The Beatles. Phil Collins would later claim that the Beatles' "A Day in the Life" opened up the avenues for progressive rock. Philip David Charles Collins, LVO (born 30 January 1951 Chiswick, London) is an English Singer-songwriter, Drummer "A Day in the Life" is a song by the British rock band The Beatles, written by John Lennon with the middle eight by Paul McCartney

Music critic Piero Scaruffi claims that "[t]echnically speaking . . . progressive-rock began in 1967 with Cream and The Nice", which he describes as "groups that reacted to the simple, melodic, three-minute pop of the early Beatles". Cream were a 1960s British rock band The Nice were an English Progressive rock band from the 1960s known for their unique blend of rock, Jazz and classical music The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 This, however, overlooks the fact that the Beatles, prior to 1967, had introduced Eastern Instruments and Classical Music in their songs, which would influence future progressive-rock acts such as Yes and King Crimson. King Crimson is a Progressive rock band founded by guitarist Robert Fripp and drummer Michael Giles in 1969 However, Scaruffi notes that if "a more stringent definition, one that considers ambition and pretentiousness", is used, this "would push the birth date [back] to the Pretty Things' S. The Pretty Things are a Rock and roll band from London. They pioneered a raw approach to Rhythm and blues that influenced a number of key F. Sorrow (1968) and the Who's Tommy (1969). The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend "[2]

In 1966, the band 1-2-3, later renamed Clouds, began experimenting with song structures, improvisation, and multi-layered arrangements. Clouds were a 1960s Progressive rock band that disbanded in October 1971. [3][4] In March of that year, The Byrds released "Eight Miles High", a pioneering psychedelic rock single with lead guitar heavily influenced by the jazz soloing style of John Coltrane. The Byrds were a popular American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964 " Eight Miles High " is a Song by Gene Clark, Jim McGuinn, and David Crosby, first appearing as a single from 1966 by Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Later that year, The Who released "A Quick One While He's Away", the first example of the rock opera form, and considered by some to have been the first prog epic. A Quick One is the second album by English rock band The Who, released in 1966 [5]

In 1967, Jeff Beck released the single "Beck's Bolero", inspired by Maurice Ravel's Bolero, and, later that year, Procol Harum released the Bach-influenced single "A Whiter Shade of Pale". Geoffrey Arnold "Jeff" Beck (born June 24, 1944 to Arnold and Ethel Beck in Wallington, England) is an English " Beck's Bolero " is a short rock -based instrumental piece heavily influenced by Maurice Ravel 's Bolero, recorded by Jeff Beck Boléro is a one-movement orchestral piece by Maurice Ravel. Originally composed as a ballet, the piece which premiered in 1928 is considered Ravel's Procol Harum are a British rock band formed in the 1960s which built an important foundation for what would become Progressive rock, or perhaps more WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section.2 This article is written in British English including maximised use of "-ise" " A Whiter Shade of Pale " is a song by the British band Procol Harum. Also in 1967, the Moody Blues released Days of Future Passed, combining classical-inspired orchestral music with traditional rock instrumentation and song structures. Days of Future Passed, The Moody Blues ' second official album (released in 1967 was their first of what would be a succession of Concept albums It was Pink Floyd's first album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, contained the nearly ten-minute improvisational psychedelic instrumental "Interstellar Overdrive". Pink Floyd are The Piper at the Gates of Dawn is Pink Floyd 's debut album and the only one made under Syd Barrett 's leadership although he made some contributions to " Interstellar Overdrive " is a psychedelic composition by Pink Floyd, which appears on their 1967 debut album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn In 1968, Big Brother and the Holding Company incorporated Bach's prelude from The Well-Tempered Clavier into their cover of George Gershwin's "Summertime". Big Brother and the Holding Company is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1965 as part of the psychedelic music scene George Gershwin (September 26 1898 &ndash July 11 1937 was an American Composer. " Summertime " is the name of an Aria composed by George Gershwin for the 1935 Opera Porgy and Bess.

By the late 1960s, many rock bands had begun incorporating instruments from classical and Eastern music, as well as experimenting with improvisation and lengthier compositions. Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of Some, such as the UK's Soft Machine, began to experiment with blends of rock and jazz. Soft Machine was an English rock band from Canterbury, named after the book The Soft Machine by William S By the end of the decade, other bands, such as Deep Purple and The Nice, had also recorded classical-influenced albums with full orchestras: Concerto for Group and Orchestra and Five Bridges, respectively. Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in Hertfordshire in 1968 The Nice were an English Progressive rock band from the 1960s known for their unique blend of rock, Jazz and classical music The Concerto for Group and Orchestra is a Concerto performed by Deep Purple and The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Malcolm Arnold The Five Bridges Suite is a modern piece of music written in the 1960s combining classical music and Jazz.

Early bands

Music critic Piero Scaruffi argues that the "bands that nurtured prog-rock through its early stages were Traffic, Jeff Beck, Family, Jethro Tull and Genesis; while King Crimson, Yes and Van Der Graaf Generator represent the genre at its apex". Traffic were an English rock band formed in 1967 by Steve Winwood, Jim Capaldi, Chris Wood and Dave Mason. Geoffrey Arnold "Jeff" Beck (born June 24, 1944 to Arnold and Ethel Beck in Wallington, England) is an English This article is about the British rock band For other uses see Family (disambiguation. Genesis are an English rock band formed in 1967 With approximately 150 million albums sold worldwide Genesis are among the top 30 highest-selling recording artists King Crimson is a Progressive rock band founded by guitarist Robert Fripp and drummer Michael Giles in 1969 Yes are an English Progressive rock band that formed in London in 1968. Van der Graaf Generator, sometimes known by the shorter Van der Graaf, is an English Progressive rock band [2] Numerous key bands had formed by the end of the 1960s, including The Moody Blues (1964), Pink Floyd (1965), Soft Machine (1966), Gong (1967), Genesis (1967), Jethro Tull (1967), The Nice (1967), The United States of America (1967), Uriel (1967), Yes (1968), Caravan (1968), The Crazy World of Arthur Brown (1968), King Crimson (1969) and Gentle Giant (1969), although not all of these bands were then playing music that might be considered progressive rock. The Moody Blues are an English psychedelic rock band originally from Erdington in the city of Birmingham. Pink Floyd are Soft Machine was an English rock band from Canterbury, named after the book The Soft Machine by William S Gong is a progressive / Psychedelic rock band formed by Australian Musician Daevid Allen. Genesis are an English rock band formed in 1967 With approximately 150 million albums sold worldwide Genesis are among the top 30 highest-selling recording artists Jethro Tull are a British rock group formed in 1967-1968 Their music is marked by the distinctive vocal style and lead Flute work of front man The Nice were an English Progressive rock band from the 1960s known for their unique blend of rock, Jazz and classical music For the 90's alternative group see The Presidents of the United States of America. Uriel were an English psychedelic/blues band formed in 1968 consisting of Steve Hillage (guitar/vocals Dave Stewart (organ Clive Brooks Yes are an English Progressive rock band that formed in London in 1968. Caravan are an English band from the Canterbury area founded by former Wilde Flowers members David Sinclair, Richard Sinclair The Crazy World of Arthur Brown is a Psychedelic rock band of Arthur Brown. King Crimson is a Progressive rock band founded by guitarist Robert Fripp and drummer Michael Giles in 1969 Gentle Giant was a British Progressive rock band, one of the most experimental of the 1970s

Although almost all of these bands were from the UK, the genre was growing popular elsewhere in continental Europe. Triumvirat led Germany's significant progressive rock movement, Flame Dream hailed from Switzerland, Focus formed in the Netherlands, France produced Ange, Gong and Magma, and Aphrodite's Child has its origin in Greece. Triumvirat was a German Progressive rock trio that formed in 1969 in Cologne, Germany. Focus is a Dutch Progressive rock band It was founded by classically trained organist / Flautist Ange is a French Progressive rock band formed in 1970 by the Décamps brothers Francis (keyboards and Christian (vocals This article is about the Internet Protocol Television channel Note that there have been at least five other lesser-known bands named Magma a drum and organ rock duo from Germany in the 1970s a short-lived Polish pop band in the late 1990s Scandinavia was represented by Norwegian band Popol Vuh, Swedish band Kaipa and Finnish Wigwam. Popol Vuh was a 1970s Norwegian Progressive rock band, that became popular in the 1970s Norwegian rock scene with such Songs as "All we have Kaipa is a Swedish Progressive rock band led by Hans Lundin. Roine Stolt joined Kaipa as their guitarist when he was 17 Wigwam is a Finnish Progressive rock band formed in 1968 after the split of the seminal Blues Section, with whom drummer Ronnie Österberg had Italian progressive rock is sometimes considered a genre unto itself, highlighted by bands like Area, Banco del Mutuo Soccorso, Le Orme, Goblin, PFM, Museo Rosenbach, Il Balletto di Bronzo, and Locanda Delle Fate. The Italian progressive rock scene was born in the early 70s mostly inspired by the progressive movement in Britain, but with certain features of its own Area - International POPular Group, most commonly known as Area or AreA, was an Italian progressive rock, Jazz fusion, electronic experimental Banco del Mutuo Soccorso is an Italian rock band A popular Progressive rock band in the 1970s they continued making music in the 1980s and 1990s Le Orme ("The Footprints" is an Italian psychedelic and progressive rock band formed in 1966 in Marghera ( Venice) Goblin are an Italian Progressive rock band known for their soundtracks for Dario Argento films (including Deep Red Premiata Forneria Marconi (PFM is an Italian Progressive rock band that achieved a high level of popularity in the 1970s with success in both the British Museo Rosenbach is an Italian progressive rock band whose album Zarathustra, in spite of the limited success it scored in the 1970s Il Balletto di Bronzo (translation The Ballet of Bronze was an Italian Progressive rock band from Naples. La Locanda delle Fate (The Fairy Inn is an Italian Progressive rock band from the end of the Italian prog rock movement Spain produced numerous prog groups, including Canarios and Triana. Triana was a Spanish Progressive rock band from the 70's and early 80's heavily influenced by Flamenco, hailing from Andalusia.

Prog also had a presence in Latin America, producing bands such as Brazil's Arion, and Os Mutantes, who combined elements of traditional Brazilian music with psychedelic rock, classical, jazz and experimental sounds, Argentina's La Máquina de hacer pájaros, and later Seru Giran (the early albums), both formed by Charly Garcia, who combined classical music arrangements with jazz, Chile's Los Jaivas and Congreso, who combined the rock sound of electric guitars and keyboards with Latin American rhythms (especially from the Andes), such as Wayno, Joropo, Cotahiqui, Diablada, and Perú's Frágil, who played a very melodic form of progressive rock. Os Mutantes (uz muˈtɐ̃tʃis The Mutants are an influential Brazilian Psychedelic rock band that were linked with the Tropicália movement Serú Girán is an Argentine rock band Biography Progressive rock band from Argentina formed in the late '70s by Charly García, guitarist Los Jaivas are a Chilean folk/rock/ Progressive rock group/band Frágil is a Peruvian Progressive metal/ symphonic rock band Named after an eponymous Yes album ("Fragile" Frágil is one of the most respected metal/ hard rock bands in Perú

A strong element of avant-garde and counter-culture has long been associated with a great deal of progressive rock. Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard In the 1970s, Chris Cutler of Henry Cow helped to form a loose collective of artists referred to as Rock in Opposition, or RIO, to make a statement against the music industry. Chris Cutler (born January 4, 1947) is an English percussionist composer lyricist and music theorist Henry Cow were an English Avant-garde rock group, founded at Cambridge University in 1968 by multi-instrumentalists Fred Rock in Opposition or RIO was a movement representing a collective of progressive bands in the late 1970s united in their opposition to the Music The original members included Henry Cow, Samla Mammas Manna, Univers Zero, and later Art Zoyd, Art Bears, and Aqsak Maboul. Samla Mammas Manna was a Swedish Progressive rock band often characterized by its Virtuoso musicianship circus references and Silly Univers Zero are an instrumental Belgian band known for playing dark music heavily influenced by 20th century Chamber music. Art Zoyd is a French band formed in 1968 mixing Free jazz, Progressive rock and Avant-garde Electronica. Art Bears were an English Avant-garde rock group formed during the disassembly of Henry Cow in 1978 by three of its members Aksak Maboul (also spelt Aqsak Maboul for a while ¶) were a Belgian Avant-garde rock The RIO movement was short-lived, but the artists included some of the originators of Avant-progressive rock, which used dark melodies, angular progressions, dissonance, free-form playing and a disregard for conventional structure. Avant-progressive rock is a style of Music based on rock music that explores unconventional territory often incorporating non-standard Chord progressions

Peak in popularity and decline

Music historians used a variety of terms to sub-categorize 1970s progressive rock. Though some Miles Davis-inspired artists like Mahavishnu Orchestra, Weather Report, and Return to Forever were considered jazz fusion, others who incorporated the same influence formed the jazz-rock oriented Canterbury scene sub-genre of progressive rock. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. The Mahavishnu Orchestra was a Jazz-rock fusion group led by John McLaughlin, that debuted in 1971 and dissolved in 1976 and reunited briefly from 1984 to 1987 Weather Report was an influential Jazz fusion band of the 1970s and early 1980s combining Jazz and Latin jazz with Art music, Return to Forever was the name of a Jazz fusion band founded and led by keyboardist Chick Corea. The Canterbury scene (or Canterbury sound) is a term used to loosely describe the group of Progressive rock, Avant-garde and jazz musicians many of whom

Yes brought in former Refugee keyboardist Patrick Moraz for their Relayer album, and his style and ARP synthesizers lent a much more jazz-inflected sound than Wakeman's Moog. Refugee was a Progressive rock group formed by former The Nice members bassist Lee Jackson and drummer Brian Davison, with keyboardist Patrick Philippe Moraz (born June 24, 1948 in Villars-Ste-Croix Morges, Switzerland) is a Progressive rock Keyboard player Relayer is the seventh studio album by the Progressive rock band Yes. ARP Instruments Inc was an early Electronic music company founded by Alan Robert Pearlman. Richard Christopher Wakeman (born 18 May 1949 in Perivale, London) is an English Keyboard player best known as the The term Moog (ˈmoʊg as in 'vogue' Synthesizer can refer to any number of Analog synthesizers designed by Dr Genesis drummer Phil Collins formed a group called Brand X, and former Yes/King Crimson drummer Bill Bruford started a solo band, Bruford; both bands had a strong jazz/fusion edge. Philip David Charles Collins, LVO (born 30 January 1951 Chiswick, London) is an English Singer-songwriter, Drummer Brand X is a classic Jazz fusion band noted for including Phil Collins in its ranks William Scott Bruford (born May 17 1949 in Sevenoaks, Kent) better known as Bill Bruford, is an English Drummer Bruford were a band that former Yes and King Crimson drummer Bill Bruford formed and led in the late 1970s

Progressive rock's popularity peaked in the mid-1970s, when prog artists regularly topped readers' votes in mainstream popular music magazines in England and America, and albums like Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells topped the charts. Michael Gordon Oldfield (born 15 May 1953 in Reading, Berkshire) is an English Multi-instrumentalist Musician Tubular Bells is a record album, written and mostly performed by Mike Oldfield, released in 1973. By this time, several North American progressive rock bands had been formed. Kansas, which had actually existed in one form or another since 1971, became one of the most commercially successful of all progressive rock bands. Kansas is an American Progressive rock band which became a popular Arena rock group in the 1970s with hit singles such as " Carry On Wayward

Likewise, Electric Light Orchestra, who formed in 1970 as a progressive offshoot of "The Beatles sound," saw their greatest success during the mid-1970s. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Pop star Todd Rundgren moved into prog with his new band, Utopia. Todd Harry Rundgren (born June 22, 1948 in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, United States) is an American Musician Utopia was an American Progressive rock band led by Todd Rundgren that toured and recorded from 1974 to 1986 Toronto's Rush became a major band, with a string of hit albums extending from the mid-1970s to the present. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Rush is a Canadian rock band originally formed in August 1968 in the Willowdale neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, currently comprised of Also influential, but less commercially successful, were the Dixie Dregs, from Georgia, and Happy The Man, of Washington D. The Dixie Dregs are a Jazz fusion band formed in the 1970s Their mostly instrumental music fuses Jazz, Southern rock, bluegrass and classical The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Happy The Man are an American Progressive rock band primarily from the 1970s specializing in virtuoso instrumental tracks within complex time signatures C.

Music critic Piero Scaruffi opines that Emerson Lake & Palmer "pushed progressive-rock towards technical excesses that, basically, obliterated whatever merit their jazz-classical fusion had. " Scaruffi claims that ELP's music, which became "ever more pretentious and magniloquent, was founded on a fundamental misunderstanding of what "virtuoso" means. "[2] Bruce Eder claims that "[t]he rot" [in progressive rock "started to set in during 1976, the year ELP released their live album Welcome Back My Friends. "[6] Eder claims that this album was "[s]uffering from poor sound and uninspired playing" which "stretched the devotion of fans and critics even thinner. " He claims that "[t]he end [of progressive rock] came quickly: by 1977, the new generation of listeners was even more interested in a good time than the audiences of the early 1970s, and they had no patience for 30 minute prog-rock suites or concept albums based on Tolkien-esque stories. " He asserts that by the late 1970s and early 1980s, "ELP was barely functioning as a unit, and not producing music with any energy; Genesis was redefining themselves . . . as a pop-rock band; and Yes was back to doing songs running four minutes . . . and even releasing singles. " [7]

In 1974, four of progressive rock's biggest bands – Yes, Emerson Lake and Palmer, Genesis and King Crimson – all went on indefinite hiatus or experienced personnel changes. Members of Yes and ELP left to pursue solo work, as did Genesis lead singer Peter Gabriel (though Genesis would continue with Phil Collins as lead vocalist), and Robert Fripp announced the end of King Crimson after the release of their Red album. Red is a 1974 album by Progressive rock group King Crimson. It was their last recording of the 1970s and the last before the lead member Robert Fripp When, in 1977, Yes and ELP reformed, they had some success, but were unable to capture the dominance they previously had.

Yes performing in Indianapolis in 1977.
Yes performing in Indianapolis in 1977.

With the advent of punk rock in the late 1970s, critical opinion in England moved toward a simpler and more aggressive style of rock, with progressive bands increasingly dismissed as pretentious and overblown, ending progressive rock's reign as one of the leading styles in rock. [8][9] This development is often seen as part of wider commercial turn in popular music in the second half of the 1970s, during which many funk or soul bands switched to disco, and smooth jazz gained popularity over jazz fusion. Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Smooth jazz, also sometimes referred to as new adult contemporary music is generally described as a genre of music that utilizes instruments (and at times improvisation

However, established progressive bands still had a strong fan base; Rush, Genesis, ELP, Yes, and Pink Floyd all regularly scored Top Ten albums with massive accompanying tours, the largest yet for some of them. After 1977 even early heavy metal/hard rock stalwarts Led Zeppelin would exhibit an increasingly prog-influenced sound on their Presence and In Through the Out Door albums. Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock Led Zeppelin were Presence is the seventh studio album by English rock band Led Zeppelin, released by Swan Song Records on March 31, In Through the Out Door is the eighth studio album by English rock band Led Zeppelin before John Bonham died and the group disbanded

By 1979, by which time punk had mutated into New Wave, Pink Floyd released their rock opera The Wall, one of the best selling albums in history. The Wall is a Rock opera presented as a Double album by the English Progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released in late Many bands which emerged in the aftermath of punk, such as Siouxsie and The Banshees, Cabaret Voltaire, Ultravox, Simple Minds, and Wire, all showed the influence of prog, as well as their more usually recognised punk influences. Siouxsie & the Banshees were a British rock band which formed in 1976 Cabaret Voltaire were a British music group from Sheffield, England. Ultravox (formerly Ultravox!) were a British New Wave band that rose to prominence in the late 1970s/early 1980s Simple Minds are a rock band from Scotland, who had their greatest worldwide popularity from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s Wire are an English rock band formed in London in October 1976 (and intermittently active to the present by Colin Newman (vocals guitar [10]

1980s revival

Main article: Neo-progressive rock

The early 1980s saw something of a revival of the genre, led by artists such as Marillion, IQ, Pendragon, Galahad, Mach One, Pallas, and Saga. Neo-progressive rock (or often shortened to neo-prog, not to be confused with the significantly more modern New prog) is a sub- Genre of Marillion are a British rock group Formed in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England in 1979 their recorded studio output comprises IQ are a British Neo-progressive rock band founded by Mike Holmes in 1982 following the dissolution of his original band The Lens. Pendragon are an English Neo-progressive rock band established in 1978 in Stroud Gloucestershire as Zeus Pendragon by guitarist Mach One are a British Neo-progressive rock band founded in 1980 by a group of students attending Burlington Danes High School in West London Pallas is a Progressive rock band based in the UK They were one of the bands at the vanguard of what was termed the " Neo-progressive " movement Saga is a Progressive rock quintet formed in Oakville Ontario, Canada. The Groups that arose during this time are sometimes termed neo-progressive, neo-prog, or occasionally the New Wave of British Prog Rock. Neo-progressive rock (or often shortened to neo-prog, not to be confused with the significantly more modern New prog) is a sub- Genre of Bands of this style were influenced by 70s progressive rock groups like Genesis, Yes and Camel, but incorporated some elements that were reflective of the New Wave and other rock elements found in the 1980s. Camel are an English Progressive rock band formed in 1971 An important figure in the Canterbury scene, the group has been releasing studio and live New Wave is a Rock music genre that existed during the late 1970s and the 1980s The digital synthesiser became a prominent instrument in the style. Neo-prog continued to remain viable into the '90s and beyond with bands like Arena, Jadis, Collage and Iluvatar. Arena are a British Neo-progressive rock band founded in 1995 by Clive Nolan and Mick Pointer. Jadis is a UK Neo-progressive rock group They play guitar-driven rock with the use of synthesizers to add depth and atmosphere and an emphasis on melody Their sound was generally similar in style and sound to neo-prog pioneers like Marillion and IQ, which differentiated them from the emerging Third Wave movement in the 1990s.

Some progressive rock stalwarts changed musical direction, simplifying their music and making it more commercially viable. In 1981, King Crimson made a surprise comeback with a different lineup (with only Robert Fripp and Bill Bruford as returning veterans from the previous incarnation), incorporating a more techno-rhythmic sound with a slight New Wave slant similar to Talking Heads, from which band new lead singer Adrian Belew came. Talking head Talking Heads was an American New Wave band formed in 1974 in New York City and active until 1991 Adrian Belew (born Robert Steven Belew, December 23, 1949, in Covington, Kentucky) is an American Guitarist 1981 also saw the release of Rush's Moving Pictures album, from which the song "Tom Sawyer" would become one of the band's most popular. " Tom Sawyer " is a 1981 song by Canadian Progressive rock band Rush, named for Mark Twain 's literary character In 1982, the much anticipated supergroup Asia, composed of Steve Howe (Yes), Carl Palmer (ELP), John Wetton (King Crimson), and Geoff Downes (Buggles/Yes), surprised progressive rock fans with their pop-oriented debut album. Asia is a rock group formed in 1981. The band was labelled a supergroup and included former members of veteran Progressive rock bands Stephen James "Steve" Howe (born April 8, 1947 in Holloway, North London, England) is an English Guitarist John Kenneth Wetton (born 12 June 1949) is an English Singer, Bass guitarist and Guitarist. Geoffrey Downes (born 25 August 1952) is an English rock keyboard player songwriter and producer Buggles (the official version of the band name used on their albums singles and publicity material omits the definite article were a New Wave band formed in 1977 consisting The Top 5 single "Heat of the Moment" rotated heavily on MTV for years, while the first Asia album established a sales record for 1982. " Heat of the Moment " is the first single released by Progressive rock band Asia from their 1982 eponymous debut. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. This demonstrated a market for more commercialised British progressive rock – a style very similar to that played by North American Top 40 stalwarts such as Styx, Foreigner, Boston, and Journey. Styx ( pronounced: /stɪks/ is an American Rock band. Their hit songs have included " Come Sail Away " " Babe " " Foreigner is a rock band formed in New York City in 1976 by veteran musicians Mick Jones and ex- King Crimson member Ian McDonald, Boston is an American rock band from Boston Massachusetts that achieved its most notable successes during the 1970s and 1980s Journey is an American rock band formed in San Francisco, California in 1973 Kansas flirted with Christian rock under new lead singer John Elefante (with Kerry Livgren and Dave Hope eventually leaving to start a Christian rock band, AD), then with the addition of Deep Purple's Steve Morse and the return of lead singer Steve Walsh, went in this direction as well. Christian rock (occasionally abbreviated CR) is a form of Rock music played by bands whose members are Christians and who often focus the lyrics on John Elefante is an American Contemporary Christian Music singer songwriter performer and producer. Kerry Livgren (born September 18, 1949) is an American Musician and Songwriter, best known as one of the founding members and Dave Hope ( October 7, 1949) played bass guitar for the American rock band Kansas from 1973 until the band split in 1983 AD was a 1980s Christian rock band featuring former Kansas members Kerry Livgren and Dave Hope, and former Bloodrock member Steven J Morse (born July 28, 1954 in Hamilton Ohio) is an American Guitarist, best known as the founder for the Dixie Steve Walsh (born June 15, 1951 in St Louis Missouri) is the singer and song-writer of the 1970s to present Progressive rock band Kansas

Other British bands followed Asia's lucrative example. In 1983, Genesis achieved some international success with Mama, a song with heavy emphasis on a drum machine riff, signaling the band's change to a more commercial direction during the 1980s. " Mama " was the first single from Genesis ' 1983 self-titled album (often referred to as the "shapes album" or simply "Mama" after Also in 1983, Yes had a surprise comeback with 90125, featuring their only number one (US) single, "Owner of a Lonely Heart". 90125 is the eleventh album by Progressive rock group Yes, released in 1983 " Owner of a Lonely Heart " is a song by the Progressive rock band Yes. Written by guitarist Trevor Rabin before joining the group, "Owner" was accessible enough to be played at discos (and more recently has been remixed into a trance single). Trevor Rabin (born January 13, 1954) is a South African American musician best known as a guitarist and songwriter for the British Trance is a style of Electronic dance music that developed in the 1990s Often sampled by hip-hop artists, "Owner" also incorporated contemporary electronic effects, courtesy of producer (and former member) Trevor Horn. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Trevor Charles Horn (born 15 July 1949) is an English Pop music Record producer, songwriter and musician Likewise, Pink Floyd's A Momentary Lapse of Reason in 1987 was a departure from their former concept albums, featuring much shorter songs and an altogether more electronic sound. A Momentary Lapse of Reason is Pink Floyd 's 1987 Album, the band's first release after the departure of Roger Waters from the band in 1985

1990s and early 2000s

Main article: Progressive metal

The progressive rock genre enjoyed another revival in the 1990s. Progressive metal (often referred to simply as prog metal) is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music which blends the powerful guitar-driven sound of metal with the complex A notable kickoff to this revival were a trio of Swedish bands: Änglagård, Anekdoten and Landberk, who hit the scene in 1992-1993. Änglagård is a currently defunct Swedish Progressive rock band with influences including Cathedral, King Crimson, Genesis, Trettioåriga Anekdoten is a Swedish Progressive rock band composed of Guitarist / Vocalist Nicklas Barker Cellist Anna Sofi Dahlberg Landberk was a Swedish prog / Art rock band characterized by the dark sombre tone of their music Later came the so-called "Third Wave", spearheaded by such bands as Sweden's The Flower Kings, the UK's Porcupine Tree, Italy's Finisterre, and from the United States, Dream Theater, Spock's Beard, Echolyn, Proto-Kaw (a reincarnation of an early lineup of Kansas) and Glass Hammer. The Flower Kings are a Swedish Progressive rock band Formed in 1994 by veteran guitarist Roine Stolt as a touring band to support his solo album Porcupine Tree are a Progressive rock band formed by Steven Wilson in 1987 in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. Dream Theater is an American Progressive metal band formed in 1985 under the name " Majesty " by John Myung, John Petrucci Spock's Beard is a Progressive rock band formed in 1992 in Los Angeles by brothers Neal and Alan Morse. echolyn is an American Progressive rock band based in eastern Pennsylvania. Proto-Kaw is an American Progressive rock band Featuring Kansas guitarist Kerry Livgren the group is a reformation of a band formed in the early seventies which Kansas is an American Progressive rock band which became a popular Arena rock group in the 1970s with hit singles such as " Carry On Wayward Glass Hammer is a Progressive rock band from Chattanooga Tennessee. Arjen Anthony Lucassen, with the backing of an array of talent from the progressive rock genre, produced a series of innovative concept albums (Ayreon) starting from 1995. Arjen Anthony Lucassen (born 3 April 1960, Hilversum) is a composer and musician from the Netherlands and is most widely known for his albums Ayreon ( is a project by Dutch composer and musician Arjen Anthony Lucassen.

In recent years, one of the more commercially viable categories of prog has been progressive metal, which mixes some of the common elements associated with progressive rock (lengthy compositions, concept albums, odd time signatures, extended instrumentals, virtuosity, jazz fusion influences) with the power and attitude associated with metal. Progressive metal (often referred to simply as prog metal) is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music which blends the powerful guitar-driven sound of metal with the complex Prog metal often gives a prominent role to keyboard instruments, in addition to using shred-style electric guitar solos, such as fusion-influenced Planet X and Mr. Big. Shred guitar or shred refers to lead Electric guitar playing that relies heavily on fast passages the act of playing fast passages on an electric guitar is termed An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder Mr Big was an American Hard rock super group. Formed in 1988, Mr

Several of the leading bands in the prog-metal genre – Dream Theater (U.S.), Ayreon (Netherlands), Opeth (Sweden), Fates Warning (U. Dream Theater is an American Progressive metal band formed in 1985 under the name " Majesty " by John Myung, John Petrucci The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ayreon ( is a project by Dutch composer and musician Arjen Anthony Lucassen. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Opeth is a Swedish heavy metal band that formed in 1990 in Stockholm. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Fates Warning is a Progressive metal band formed in 1983 by John Arch, Jim Matheos, Victor Arduini, Joe DiBiase, and Steve S. ) and Queensrÿche (U. Queensrÿche (ˈkwiːnzraɪk is an American heavy metal / Progressive metal band formed in 1981 in Bellevue Washington. S. ) – cite pioneer progressive hard-rockers Rush as a primary influence, although their music exhibits influences from more traditional metal bands such as Black Sabbath or Deep Purple as well. Tool have cited pioneers King Crimson as an influence on their work. Tool is an American rock band that was formed in 1990 in Los Angeles, California. [11] King Crimson opened for Tool on their 2001 tour and expressed admiration for the group while continuing to deny the "prog" label. [12]

Progressive rock has also served as a key inspiration for genres such as post-rock, avant-garde metal, neo-classical metal and symphonic metal. Post-rock is a genre of Alternative rock characterized by the use of Musical instruments commonly associated with Rock music, but using Rhythms Avant-garde metal or experimental metal is a subgenre of Heavy metal music characterised by the use of innovative Avant-garde elements large-scale For the historical original neoclassical music see Neoclassicism (music Neo-classical metal is a subgenre of Heavy metal music Symphonic metal or opera metal is a term used to describe Heavy metal music that has symphonic elements that is elements that sound similar to a Dream Theater drummer Mike Portnoy has acknowledged[13] that the prominent use of progressive elements and qualities in metal is not confined to bands conventionally classified as "progressive metal". Michael Stephen Portnoy (born April 20, 1967) American Drummer primarily known as the drummer and backing vocalist for the Progressive Many underground metal styles[14] (especially extreme metal styles, which are characterised by extremely fast or slow speed, high levels of distortion, a technical or atmospheric, epic orientation and often abrupt tempo changes, highly unusual melodies, scales, vocal styles, and song structures) and some seminal bands such as Watchtower, Celtic Frost[15] (a highly innovative band having pioneered several styles) or The 3rd and the Mortal remain poorly known even to genre fans. Extreme metal is an Umbrella term, somewhat loosely defined for a number of related heavy metal subgenres that have developed since the 1980s Watchtower is an American progressive / technical Thrash metal band based in Austin Texas who were mostly active in the 1980s Celtic Frost were an influential heavy metal band from Zürich, Switzerland. The 3rd and the Mortal (alternative spelling The Third and the Mortal) were a Norwegian experimental metal -band founded in the city of Trondheim

Former members of the pioneering post-hardcore band At the Drive-In, Cedric Bixler-Zavala and Omar Rodriguez-Lopez went on to form The Mars Volta, a successful progressive band that incorporates jazz, funk, punk rock, Latin music, and ambient noise into songs that range in length from a few minutes to more than thirty. Post-hardcore evolved from Hardcore punk, itself an offshoot of the broader Punk rock movement At the Drive-In was an influential American Post-hardcore band from El Paso, Texas, that was active from 1993 to 2001 The Mars Volta is the name of a partnership between guitarist Omar Rodríguez-López and singer Cedric Bixler-Zavala founded in 2001 Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Latin music, includes the music of all countries in Latin America (and the Caribbean) and comes in many varieties Ambient music is a Musical genre in which sound is more important than notes They have achieved some crossover success, with their 2005 album Frances the Mute reaching #4 on the Billboard 200 chart after the single "The Widow" became a hit on modern rock radio. Frances the Mute is the second studio album by Progressive rock band The Mars Volta released in the US on March 1, 2005 See Billboard (Turkish magazine Billboard is a weekly American Magazine devoted to the Music industry " The Widow " is a song by The Mars Volta, from their second album Frances the Mute.

The first decade of the 2000s were also the years when progressive rock gained more popularity in eastern Europe, especially in Russia, where the InProg festival gained popularity and bands like Little Tragedies, EXIT project, Kostarev Group and Disen Gage reached major success in the Russian rock scene and were noted outside Russia. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending InProg is an international Progressive rock festival held almost yearly since 2001 in Moscow, Russia. Little Tragedies (Маленькие Трагедии-Malenkiye Tragediyi are a Russian language Progressive rock, Art-rock and Symphonic rock EXIT project are an Instrumental Progressive rock, Electronic music, Art rock, Experimental music, Easy listening Aleksander Kostarev a Russian Instrumental Progressive rock musician Disen Gage is an Instrumental Progressive rock, Psychedelic rock, Jazz fusion and fusion group from Russia. Russian rock ( Pусский рок) refers to Rock music made in Russia and/or in Russian. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Other north and eastern European bands worth mentioning are the Latvian band Olive Mess and the Polish band Riverside. Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Olive Mess is a Progressive rock band from Latvia singing in English, one of the most famous Baltic Progressive rock bands Riverside is a Progressive rock band from Warsaw, Poland. It was founded in 2001 by friends Mariusz Duda, Piotr Grudziński and

New England-based Dreadnaught USA represents a modern take on progressive rock self described as "Progabilly"; a blend of progressive rock and roots-based rock. Dreadnaught is a New Hampshire, United States of America ( USA)-based Experimental rock group that has internationally released 6 full-length

Festivals

Renewed interest in progressive rock in the 1990s led to the development of festivals. ProgFest began in 1993, in UCLA's Royce Hall and featured Sweden's Änglagård, England's IQ, Quill and Citadel. IQ are a British Neo-progressive rock band founded by Mike Holmes in 1982 following the dissolution of his original band The Lens. ProgDay, held at Storybook Farm near Chapel Hill, North Carolina began in 1995 and was still being held as of 2007[16]. Chapel Hill is a town in Durham and Orange counties in North Carolina and the home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC A Southern California festival called CalProg held every year at Whittier in LA. ([1]). NEARfest held its first event in 1999 in Bethlehem, PA and has held annual concerts ever since. The North East Art Rock Festival, or NEARfest for short is a two-day event celebrating the resurgence of progressive and eclectic music in the United States Bethlehem is a city in Lehigh and Northampton Counties in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania, in the An international festival called InProg has been held in Moscow, Russia, since 2001. InProg is an international Progressive rock festival held almost yearly since 2001 in Moscow, Russia. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Most of the performers at this festival are from Russia, but there are also bands from other countries. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending

Other festivals include the annual Rites of Spring Festival (RoSfest)[17] in Glenside, PA, The Rogue Independent Music Festival (or Rogue Fest) in Atlanta, GA, Baja Prog in Mexicali, Mexico, CalProg in Whittier, CA, Prog In The Park in Rochester, NY, Gouveia Art Rock in Portugal, Prog Sud in Marseille (France), Tiana in Barcelona (Spain), Progfarm in Holland, Rio Art Rock Festival in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and ProgPower USA in Atlanta, Georgia. Glenside is a Census-designated place (CDP in Abington and Cheltenham Townships Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United The Rogue Independent Music Festival, also know as Rogue Fest, was a two-day festival of progressive rock and Art rock held annually in Atlanta GA from Baja Prog is an annual Progressive rock festival in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, held since 1997 Mexicali, is the capital of the Mexican state of Baja California. Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York State, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil ProgPower USA is a progressive and Power metal festival held annually in the United States since 2001

Progressive Nation is being held in 2008 featuring progressive metal bands such as Dream Theater, Opeth, Between the Buried and Me, Three, and Coheed And Cambria. Dream Theater is an American Progressive metal band formed in 1985 under the name " Majesty " by John Myung, John Petrucci Opeth is a Swedish heavy metal band that formed in 1990 in Stockholm. Between the Buried and Me (BTBAM is a Progressive metal band from Raleigh North Carolina. For the 1980s progressive rock band see 3 (1980s band. 3, also known as Three, is an American Indie / Progressive Coheed and Cambria is an American Progressive metal band formed in New York.

See also

Related genres, scenes and sub-genres

Further reading

References and notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f Prog-Rock/Art Rock. AllMusic. AllMusic (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song.
  2. ^ a b c d Piero Scaruffi
  3. ^ Brian Hogg, The History of Scottish Rock and Pop. (BBC/Guinness Publishing)
  4. ^ '1-2-3 and the Birth of Prog,' Mojo, Nov. Mojo is a popular Music Magazine published by Bauer, monthly in the United Kingdom. 1994
  5. ^ The Who at progarchives.com
  6. ^ The album had actually been released in 1974
  7. ^ "The Early History of Art-Rock/Prog Rock" by Bruce Eder (All-Music Guide Essay). Available at: http://www.vanguardchurch.com/the_history_of_art_rock.htm
  8. ^ Holm-Hudson, K. (October 2001). Progressive Rock Reconsidered. Routledge. Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals ISBN 0-8153-3714-0.  
  9. ^ Brian L. Knight. Rock in the Name of Progress (Part VI -"Thelonius Punk"). Retrieved on 2006-09-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I.
  10. ^ Tommy Udo (September 2006). "Did Punk kill prog?". Classic Rock Magazine Issue 97.  
  11. ^ Blair Blake (2001). Augustember 2001 E.V.. Tool Newsletter. Retrieved on 2006-04-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
  12. ^ Eyes Wide Open
  13. ^ Mike Portnoy Pledges Alliance to One Nation Under Prog
  14. ^ An Overview of Metal Genres on GEPR
  15. ^ Interview with Christofer Johnsson, leader of symphonic metal pioneers Therion
  16. ^ http://www.progday.com/ ProgDay home page
  17. ^ http://rosfest.com RoSfest home page

External links

Dictionary

progressive rock

-noun

  1. A rock music genre originating from the late 1960s and early 1970s, heavily influenced by classical music and jazz
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