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For the '60s progressive rock band, see Procession (band). Procession was a jazz-tinged rock band formed in Melbourne in October 1967

A procession (via Middle English processioun, French procession, derived from Latin, processio, itself from procedere, to go forth, advance, proceed) is, in general, an organized body of people advancing in a formal or ceremonial manner.

Funeral Procession, illustrated in a manuscript of the Hours of the Virgin. Fifteenth Century. British Museum, 27697.
Funeral Procession, illustrated in a manuscript of the Hours of the Virgin. Fifteenth Century. British Museum, 27697. The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London.

Contents

Procession elements

Many elements may be used to make a procession more significant than just "people walking in the same direction":

Procession in Poznań, Poland, Corpus Christi 2004. Little girls carrying an Infant Jesus of Prague statue, followed by altar servers clothed in surplice and cassock.
Procession in Poznań, Poland, Corpus Christi 2004. Incense is composed of Aromatic biotic materials It releases fragrant Smoke when burned Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Corpus Christi ( Latin for Body of Christ) is a Christian feast. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Little girls carrying an Infant Jesus of Prague statue, followed by altar servers clothed in surplice and cassock. Infant Jesus of Prague ( Czech Pražské Jezulátko) is a famous statue of infant Jesus located in the Church of Our Lady Victorious in Malá An altar server or Acolyte is a lay assistant to a member of the Clergy during a religious service Priest or seminarian with censorjpg|thumb|Seminarian vested in a pleated Roman-style surplice with lace inserts holding a Thurible. The cassock, an item of Clerical clothing, is a long close-fitting ankle-length Robe worn by clerics of the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox

Functions of Processions

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Edo Period documenters enjoyed drawing the processions of pleasure district beauties, such as Courtesan Parading With Attendants by Suzuki Harunobu. The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 Suzuki Harunobu (鈴木春信 (1724 &ndash 1770 was a Japanese Woodblock print artist one of the most famous in the Ukiyo-e style Similar parading courtesans feature in Cherry Blossom in the Evening on the Nakanomachi in Yoshiwara by Utagawa Hiroshige and True Scenery of the Gay Quarter of Minatozakimachi Shinminato by Utagawa Sadahide. was a Japanese Ukiyo-e artist and one of the last great artists in that tradition The Lord Mayor's Show in London has long featured displays by the city's official trade guilds. The Lord Mayor's Show is one of the longest established and best known annual events in London which dates back to 1215 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Parades were at one time important advertisement when a traveling circus arrived in a new town. A circus is most commonly a traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, Clowns trained animals trapeze acts Hoopers, tightrope walkers Today, many parades in the United States are sponsored by department stores, such as Macy's, which expect the public spectacle to lure shoppers to the store. Macy's is a chain of mid-range American Department stores Its Flagship store in Herald Square, New York City has been billed

Change in government

The Reception of the Ambassadors From Siam at the Château de Fontainebleau was one such example, documented by Jean Leon Gerome in 1864. Jean-Léon Gérôme ( May 11, 1824 – January 10, 1904) was a French painter and sculptor in the style Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The signing of surrender by Japanese diplomats and soldiers aboard an American battle ship at the end of World War II involved a strictly codified procession on and off the ship. A battleship is a large heavily armored Warship with a main battery consisting of the largest Calibre of Guns Battleships were World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Processions play an important role in coronations, such as that of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in 1953, the Shah of Iran in 1967, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II of the Ashanti in 1999, and Norodom Sihamoni of Cambodia in 2004. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Shah is an Iranian term for a Monarch (leader that has been adopted in many other languages For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Ashanti, or Asante, are a major Ethnic group of Ashanti Region in Ghana. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Norodom Sihamoni (នរោត្តម សីហមុនី born 14 May 1953 is the King of Cambodia. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

Display of power

Such as ancient Roman triumphs, the durbar processions of India, and modern reviewing of the troops by generals and heads of state. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Return From Vienna, a painting by Jozef Brandt, shows war booty taken from the Turks being escorted into eastern Europe by soldiers. Józef Brandt (b Szczebrzeszyn, 1841 - Radom, 1915 was a Polish painter, best known for his paintings of battles

Entertainment

Parades arranged purely for fun, such as those of community organizations and friendly societies, so popular in Great Britain and the United States of America

Political solidarity

Religious ceremonies have since prehistory employed the procession of holy objects to inspire solidarity of belief. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The doges of Venice once staged elaborate barge processions to bless the waters on which Venice's tightly controlled maritime economy existed. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the BARGE, the Big August RecGambling Excursion is a yearly convention held in Las Vegas during the first weekend of August Symbolic processions were an important tool in the non-violent protest of Gandhi. Marches on Washington include formal processions. Gay Pride parades also started with this basis in New York City. LGBT pride or gay pride refers to a world wide movement and philosophy asserting that LGBT ( Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and The City of New York

Events

Processions used to mark the beginning or end of an event, such as parades at the beginning of county fairs or at the Olympic Games, or the processions which begin and end funerals, graduations, and weddings. A fair is a gathering of people to display or trade produce or other goods to parade or display animals and often to enjoy associated Carnival or Funfair entertainment The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games A funeral is a Ceremony marking a person's Death. Funerary customs comprise the complex of Beliefs and practices used by a Culture to remember Graduation is the action of receiving or conferring an Academic degree or the associated ceremony A wedding is the Ceremony in which two people are united in Marriage.

Religious Processions

Processions are found in almost form of religious worship, such as Holy Week processions. Holy Week ( Latin: Hebdomada Sancta or Maior Hebdomada, "Greater Week" in Christianity is the last week before Easter. Some biblical examples were the processions with the Ark of Covenant and the procession of Jesus on a donkey into Jerusalem. The Ark of the Covenant (אָרוֹן הָבְרִית ʔārōn hāb’rīθ, Modern aron habrit) is described in the Bible as a sacred container wherein Palm Sunday is a Christian Moveable feast which always falls on the Sunday before Easter. [1]

History

Processions have in all peoples and at all times been a natural form of public celebration, as forming an orderly and impressive ceremony. Religious and triumphal processions are abundantly illustrated by ancient monuments, e. g. the religious processions of Egypt, those illustrated by the rock-carvings of Boghaz-Keui, the many representations of processions in Greek art, culminating in the great Panathenaic procession of the Parthenon Frieze, and Roman triumphal reliefs, such as those of the arch of Titus. The Parthenon Frieze is the low relief Pentelic marble sculpture created to adorn the upper part of the Parthenon ’s naos. The Arch of Titus is a Pentelic marble Triumphal arch with a single arched opening located on the Via Sacra just to the south-east of the Forum

Processions played a prominent part in the great festivals of Greece, where they were always religious in character. The games were either opened or accompanied by more or less elaborate processions and sacrifices, while processions from the earliest times formed part of the worship of the old nature gods, as those connected with the cult of Dionysus and the Phallic processions, and later formed an essential part of the celebration of the great religious festivals (e. The Cult of Dionysus is strongly associated with Satyrs Centaurs and Sileni, and its characteristic symbols are the bull, the serpent Phallic processions, or Penis Parade, Among the "obscenities" a common one was the display of the fetishized phallus" g. the processions of the Thesmophoria, and that of the Great Dionysia), and of the mysteries (e. Thesmophoria was a festival held in Greek cities in honor of the goddesses Demeter and her daughter Persephone. The Dionysia was a large religious festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the central event of which was the performance of tragedies g. the great procession from Athens to Eleusis, in connection with the Eleusinia). The Eleusinian Mysteries (Ἐλευσίνια Μυστήρια were initiation ceremonies held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone

Of the Roman processions, the most prominent was that of the Triumph, which had its origin in the return of the victorious army headed by the general, who proceeded in great pomp from the Campus to the Capitol to offer sacrifice, accompanied by the army, captives, spoils, the chief magistrate, priests bearing the images of the gods, amidst strewing of flowers, burning of incense and the like (Ovid, Trist. A Roman triumph ( la [[wikttriumphus triumphus]], Old Latin la triumpus, attested as the exclamation la TRIVMPE in the Carmen Arvale; via Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including iv. 2, 3 and 6). Connected with the triumph was the pompa circensis, or solemn procession which preceded the games in the circus; it first came into use at the ludi romani, when the games were preceded by a great procession from the Capitol to the Circus. The praetor or consul who appeared in the ponipa circensis wore the robes of a triumphing general (see Mommsen, Staatsrec/zt I. Praetor was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities the commander of an Army, either before Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire 397 for the connection of the triumph with the ludi). Thus, when it became customary for the consul to celebrate games at the opening of the consular year, he came, under the empire, to appear in triumphal robes in the processus consularis, or procession of the consul to the Capitol to sacrifice to Jupiter.

After the establishment of Christianity, the consular processions in Constantinople retained their religious character, now proceeding to Hagia Sophia, where prayers and offerings were made; but in Rome, where Christianity was not so widely spread among the upper classes, the tendency was to convert the procession into a purely civil function, omitting the pagan rites and prayers, without substituting Christian ones[2]. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya Αγία Σοφία " Holy Wisdom " Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia) is a former patriarchal Basilica, later Besides these public processions, there were others connected with the primitive worship of the country people, which remained unchanged, and were later to influence the worship of the Christian Church. Such were those of the Ambarvalia, Robigalia, which were essentially rustic festivals, lustrations of the fields, consisting in a procession round the spot to be purified leading the sacrificial victims with prayers, hymns and cere monies, in order to protect the young crops from evil influences[3]. Ambarvalia was a Roman agricultural fertility rite held at the end of May in honour of Ceres. In Roman mythology, Robiga (meaning green or life along with her brother Robigus, were the Fertility gods of the Romans Lustration has two meanings historical and modern Historically- It was the term for various ancient Greek and Roman purification rituals

Tertullian (2nd century) uses processio and procedere in the sense of to go out, appear in public, and, as applied to a church function, processio was first used in the same way as collecta, i. Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, Anglicised as Tertullian, (ca e. for the assembly of the people in the church[4]. In this sense it appears to be used by Pope Leo I[5], while in the version by Dionysius Exiguus of the 17th canon of the Council of Laodicaea ouv&~eoi, is translated by processionibus[6]. Pope Saint Leo I or Pope Saint Leo the Great was Pope from September 29, 440 to November 10, 461. Dionysius Exiguus ( Dennis the Little or Dennis the Short, meaning humble (c

For the processions that formed part of the ritual of the eucharist, those of the introit, the gospel and the oblation, the earliest records date from the 6th century and even later[7], but they evidently were established at a much earlier date. The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those As to public processions, these seem to have come into rapid vogue after the recognition of Christianity as the religion of the empire. Those at Jerusalem would seem to have been long established when described by the authoress of the Peregrinatio Silviae towards the end of the 4th century. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the

Very early were the processions accompanied by hymns and prayers, known as litaniae, rogationes or supplicationes. A litany, in Christian worship, is a form of Prayer used in Church services and Processions and consisting of a number of petitions It is to such a procession that reference appears to be made in a letter of St Basil [8], which would thus be the first recorded mention of a public Christian procession. Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (c 330 – January 1, 379) (Άγιος Βασίλειος ο Μέγας Latin The first mention for the Western Church occurs in St Ambrose [9]. Saint Ambrose (c 338 &ndash 4 April 397) was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the fourth century In both these cases the litanies are stated to have been long in use. There is also mention of a procession accompanied by hymns, organized at Constantinople by St John Chrysostom (c. This article refers to the Christian saint For other uses of the name see Chrysostomos. 390-400) in opposition to a procession of Arians, in Sozomen[10]. Arianism is the theological teaching of Arius (c AD 250-336 who was ruled a heretic by the Christian church at the Council of Nicea. Salminius Hermias Sozomenus (Σωζομενός (c 400 - c 450 was a Historian of the Christian church In times of calamity litanies were held, in which the people walked in robes of penitence, fasting, barefooted, and, in later times, frequently dressed in black (litaniae nigrae). The cross was carried at the head of the procession and often the gospel and the relics of the saint were carried. Gregory of Tours gives numerous instances of such litanies in time of calamity; thus he describes[11] a procession of the clergy and people round the city, in which relics of St Remigius were carried and litanies chanted in order to avert the plague. Saint Gregory of Tours ( November 30, c 538 &ndash November 17, 594) was a Gallo-Roman historian and bishop of Tours Saint Remigius (Saint Rémi or Saint Rémy Remigio Remigio Romieg Remigiusz and Remig was Bishop of Reims and Apostle of the Franks, (c So, too, Gregory the Great[12] writes to the Sicilian bishops to hold processions in order to prevent a threatened invasion of Sicily. A famous instance of these penitential litanies is the lania septiformis ordered by Gregory the Great in the year 590, when Rome had been inundated and pestilence had followed. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Summer - Maurice agrees to Khosrau's entreaties and agrees to restart the war with Persia

In this litany seven processions, of clergy, laymen, monks, nuns, matrons, the poor, and children respectively, starting from seven different churches, proceeding to hear mass at Sta Maria Maggiore[13]. This litany has often been confused with the litania major, introduced at Rome in 598 (vide supra) , but is quite distinct from it. Funeral processions, accompanied with singing and the carrying of lighted tapers, were very early customary (see ceremonial use of lights), and akin to these, also very early, were the processions connected with the translation of the relics of martyrs from their original burying place to the church where they were to be enshrined[14]. The ceremonial use of lights is found in the practice of many religions From the time of the emperor Constantine I these processions were of great magnificence. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine

Some liturgists maintain that the early Church in its processions followed Old Testament precedents, quoting such cases as the procession of the ark round the walls of Christian Jericho[15], the procession of David with the ark[16], the processions of thanksgiving on the return from captivity, &c. The liturgy of the early Church as Duchesne shows[17] was influenced by that of the Jewish synagogue, but the theory that the Church adopted the Old Testament ritual is of quite late growth.

Festivals involving processions were adopted by the Christian Church from the pagan calendar of Rome. The litaniae majores et minores, which are stated by Hermann Usener[18] to have been first instituted by Pope Liberius (352-366). Hermann Karl Usener ( October 23, 1834 &ndash October 21, 1905) was a German scholar in the fields of Philology and Comparative Pope It is generally acknowledged that they are the equivalent of the Christian Church of the Roman lustrations of the crops in spring, the Ambarvalia, &c. Ambarvalia was a Roman agricultural fertility rite held at the end of May in honour of Ceres. The litania major, or great procession on St Mark's day (April 25) is shown to coincide both in date and ritual with the Roman Robigalia, which took place ad. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. In Roman mythology, Robiga (meaning green or life along with her brother Robigus, were the Fertility gods of the Romans vii. Kal. Mai. , and consisted in a procession leaving Rome by the Flaminian gate, and proceeding by way of the Milvian bridge to a sanctuary at the 5th milestone of the Via Claudia, where the flamen quirinalis sacrificed a dog and a sheep to avert blight (robigo) from the crops[19]. The Via Claudia Augusta was an ancient Roman road, which linked the valley of the Po River with Rhaetia (modern Austria across the Alps The litania major followed the same route as far as the Milvian bridge, when it turned off and returned to St Peter's, where mass was celebrated. This was already established as an annual festival by 598, as is shown by a document of Gregory the Great[20] which inculcates the duty of celebrating litaniam, quae major ab omnibus appellatur. The litaniae minores or rogations, held on the three days preceding Ascension Day, were first introduced into Gaul by Bishop Mamertus of Vienne (c. Rogation days are in the calendar of the Western Church four days traditionally set apart for solemn processions to invoke God's mercy The general and most common understanding of the Christian Doctrine of Ascension holds that Jesus bodily ascended to Heaven in the presence Saint Mamertus (died c 475 was the Archbishop of Vienne in Gaul and is a Saint in the Roman Catholic Church. 470), and made binding for all Gaul by the First Council of Orleans (511). The First Council of Orléans was convoked by Clovis I in 511. The litaniae minores were also adopted for these three days in Rome by Pope Leo III (c. Pope Leo III (died June 12, 816) was Pope from 795 to 816 Protected by Charlemagne from his enemies in Rome he subsequently strengthened 800).

A description of the institution and character of the Ascensiontide rogations is given by Sidonius Apollinaris[21]. For the Franco-Irish saint see Sidonius of Saint-Saëns. Gaius Sollius (Modestus Apollinaris Sidonius or Saint Sidonius Apollinaris The solemnity of these, he says, was first established by Mamertus. Hitherto they had been erratic, lukewarm and poorly attended (vagae, tepentes, infrequentesque); those which he instituted were characterized by fasting, prayers, psalms and tears. In the Ambrosian rite the rogations take place after Ascension, and in the Spanish on the Thursday to Saturday after Whitsuntide, and in November (Synod of Girona, 517). The general and most common understanding of the Christian Doctrine of Ascension holds that Jesus bodily ascended to Heaven in the presence Pentecost (πεντηκοστή, pentekostē, "the fiftieth day" is one of the prominent feasts in the Christian Liturgical year, celebrated the

The Anglican National Procession to Walsingham proceeds through the ruined abbey, May 2003.
The Anglican National Procession to Walsingham proceeds through the ruined abbey, May 2003.

It is impossible to describe in detail the vast development of processions during the Middle Ages. The most important and characteristic of these still have a place in the ritual of the Church of England and Roman Catholic Church. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican For Roman Catholics, the rules governing them are laid down in the Rituale Romanum (Tit. The Roman Ritual ( Latin: Rituale Romanum) is one of the official ritual works of the Roman Catholic rite ix. ), and they are classified in the following way:

  1. Proceisiones generates, in which the whole body of the clergy takes part.
  2. Processiones ordinariae, on yearly festivals, such as the feast of the Purification of the Virgin (Candlemas), the procession on Palm Sunday or Holy Week, the Litaniae Majores and Minores, the feast of Corpus Christi, and on other days, according to the custom of the churches. The Feast of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple celebrates an early episode in the life of Jesus, and falls on or around 2 February. The Feast of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple celebrates an early episode in the life of Jesus, and falls on or around 2 February. Palm Sunday is a Christian Moveable feast which always falls on the Sunday before Easter. Holy Week ( Latin: Hebdomada Sancta or Maior Hebdomada, "Greater Week" in Christianity is the last week before Easter. A litany, in Christian worship, is a form of Prayer used in Church services and Processions and consisting of a number of petitions Corpus Christi ( Latin for Body of Christ) is a Christian feast.
  3. Processiones extraordinariae, or processions ordered on special occasions, eg. to pray for rain or fine weather, in time of storm, famine, plague, war, or, in quacunque tribulatione, processions of thanksgiving, translation of relics, the dedication of a church or cemetery.

There are also processions of honor, for instance to meet a royal personage, or the bishop on his first entry into his diocese (Pontif. Tom. iii. ). Those taking part in processions are to walk bare-headed (weather permitting), two and two, in decent costume, and with reverent mien; clergy and laity, men and women, are to walk separately. The cross is carried at the head of the procession, and banners embroidered with sacred pictures in places where this is customary; these banners must not be of military or triangular shape. Violet is the color prescribed for processions, except on the Feast of Corpus Christi, or on a day when some other color is prescribed. As the name of a color violet (named after the flower violet) is used in two senses first referring to the color of Light at the short- Wavelength The officiating priest wears a cope, or at least a surplice with a violet stole, the other priests and clergy wear surplices. The cope (Known in Latin as pluviale 'rain coat' or cappa 'cape' is a liturgical Vestment, which may conveniently be described as a very long mantle Priest or seminarian with censorjpg|thumb|Seminarian vested in a pleated Roman-style surplice with lace inserts holding a Thurible.

Where the host is carried in procession it is covered always by a canopy, and accompanied by lights. At the litaniae majores and ininores and other penitential processions, joyful hymns are not allowed, but the litanies are sung, and, if the length of the procession requires, the penitential and gradual psalms. As to the discipline regarding processions the bishop, according to the Council of Trent (Sess. The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. 25 de reg. cap. 6), appoints and regulates processions and public prayers outside the churches.

The observance or variation of the discipline belongs to the Congregation of Rites; in pontifical processions, which are regulated by the masters of the ceremonies (magistri ceremoniarum pontificalium), these points are decided by the chief cardinal deacon. The Sacred Congregation of Rites was a congregation of the Roman Curia, erected on January 22, 1588 by Pope Sixtus V and dissolved As to processions within the churches, some difference of opinion having arisen as to the regulating authority, the Congregation of Rites has decided that the bishop must ask, though not necessarily follow, the advice of the chapter in their regulation.

The famous "Sanch Procession" celebrating the passion of the Christ (since 1461), once forbidden, is still celebrated in the French southern cities and towns of Perpignan, Arles-sur-Tech and Collioure.
The famous "Sanch Procession" celebrating the passion of the Christ (since 1461), once forbidden, is still celebrated in the French southern cities and towns of Perpignan, Arles-sur-Tech and Collioure. This article describes the Christian Passion For other meanings see Passion. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Perpignan ( French: Perpignan, pɛʀpiɲɑ̃ Catalan Perpinyà,) is a commune and the Préfecture (administrative Arles-sur-Tech is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southwestern France. Collioure ( French: Collioure, kɔˈljuʀ Catalan: Cotlliure) is a seaside Mediterranean town and commune a few kilometers

Reformed Churches. The Reformation abolished in all Protestant countries those processions associated with the doctrine of transubstantiation (Corpus Christi); the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, according to the 28th Article of Religion of the Church of England was not by Christs ordinance reserved, carried about, lifted up, or worshipped. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time See also Eucharist (Catholic Church On the related belief that Christ is present in the Eucharist in body blood soul and divinity see Real Presence. It also abolished those associated with the cult of the Blessed Virgin and the saints. The stern simplicity of Calvinism, indeed, would not tolerate religious processions of any kind, and from the Reformed Churches they vanished altogether. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the The more conservative temper of the Anglican and Lutheran communions, however, suffered the retention of such processions as did not conflict with the reformed doctrines, though even in these Churches they met with opposition and tended after a while to fall into disuse.

The Lutheran practice has varied at different times and in different countries. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Thus, according to the Württemberg Kirchenordnung of 1553, a funeral procession was prescribed, the bier being followed by the congregation singing hymns; the Brandenburg Kirchenordnung (1540) directed a cross-bearer to precede the procession and lighted candles to be carried, and this was prescribed also by the Waldeck Kirchenordnung of 1556. Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. At present funeral processions survive in general only in the country districts; the processional cross or crucifix is still carried. In some provinces also the Lutheran Church has retained the ancient rogation processions in the week before Whitsuntide and, in some cases, in the month of May or on special occasions (e. g. days of humiliation, Busstage), processions about the fields to ask a blessing on the crops. On these occasions the ancient litanies are still used.

In a narrower sense of going forth, proceeding, the term is used in the technical language of theology in the phrase Procession of the Holy Ghost, expressing the relation of the Third Person in the Triune Godhead to the Father and the Son. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance

Processions in Art

The wealth of display associated with processions makes them a rich subject for literary and visual art. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Some examples include:

in film

References

See also

Notes

  1. ^   "Processions". A parade (also called march or marchpast) is a procession of people usually organized along a street often in Costume, and often accompanied by Fire A processional walkway is a ceremonial Walkway in use since ancient times A cavalcade is a Procession or Parade (of sorts on Horseback, or a mass Trail ride by a company of riders. Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.  
  2. ^ Dahremberg and Saglio, s. v. Consul.
  3. ^ See Preller, Rm. Mythologie, pp. 370-372.
  4. ^ Du Cange, s. Charles du Fresne sieur du Cange or Ducange ( Amiens, December 18, 1610 &ndash Paris, October 23, 1688) was v.
  5. ^ Ep. IX. ad Diosc. episc. c. 445: qui nostris processionibus et ordinationibus frequenter interfuit.
  6. ^ Smith, Dic. of Class. Antiq. s. v. Procession.
  7. ^ See Louis Duchesne, Origines, 2nd ed. Abbé Louis Marie Olivier Duchesne ( September 13, 1843 - April 21, 1922) was a French priest philologist, teacher and , pp. 77, 154, 181; 78, 194.
  8. ^ c. 375.
  9. ^ c. 388, Ep. 40 16, Ad Theodos. monachos . . . qui psalmos canentes ex consuetudine usuque veteri pergebant ad celebritatem Machabaeorum martyrum.
  10. ^ Hist. eccl. viii. 8.
  11. ^ Vita S. Remig. I.
  12. ^ Ep. xi. 57.
  13. ^ See Gregory of Tours, Hist. Saint Gregory of Tours ( November 30, c 538 &ndash November 17, 594) was a Gallo-Roman historian and bishop of Tours Fr. x. i, and Johann. Diac. Vita Greg. Magn. i. 42.
  14. ^ See e. g. St Ambrose, Ep. 29 and St Augustine, De civitate Dei, xxii. 8 and Conf. viii. 7, for the finding and translation of the relics of Saints Gervasius and Protasius. For other uses of the names "Gervase" and "Protase" and their variants see Gervasius and Protasius (disambiguation. For other uses of the names "Gervase" and "Protase" and their variants see Gervasius and Protasius (disambiguation.
  15. ^ Josh. vi.
  16. ^ 2 Sam. vi.
  17. ^ Origines, ch. i.
  18. ^ Alte Bittgange, in Zeller, Philosophische Aufsatze, p. 278 seq.
  19. ^ Fasti praenestini, C. T. L. T. , p. 317.
  20. ^ Regist. ii.
  21. ^ Ep. v. 14.

Dictionary

procession

-noun

  1. The act of progressing or proceeding
  2. A group of people or thing moving along in an orderly manner, especially if doing so slowly and formally
  3. A number of things happening in sequence (in space or in time)

-verb

  1. (intransitive) To take part in a procession
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