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| Nasalis larvatus Wurmb, 1787 |
The Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), also known as the Monyet Belanda, the Bangkatan or simply the Long-nosed Monkey. The Proboscis Monkey is a reddish-brown arboreal Old World monkey. Arboreal is a word meaning "related to or resembling trees" The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of Primates falling in the Superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the Clade It is the only species in monotypic genus Nasalis.
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Appearance
A distinctive trait of this monkey is the male's large protruding nose from which it takes its name. A monkey is any member of either the New World monkeys or Old World monkeys two of the three groupings of Simian Primates the third group being Anatomically a nose is a protuberance in Vertebrates that houses the Nostrils or nares which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the The nose is thought to be used in mating and is unique to the males of the species, reaching up to 7 inches in length. Besides attracting mates, the nose serves as a resonating chamber and works by amplifying their warning calls. When the animal becomes agitated its nose swells with blood, making warning calls louder and more intense. [3]
Males are much larger than females, reaching 72 cm (28 inches) in length, with an up to 75 cm tail, and weighing up to 24 kg (53 pounds). The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass Females are up to 60 cm long, weighing up to 12 kg (26 lb). This large sexual dimorphic difference is greater than in any other primate.
The Proboscis Monkey also has a large belly, as a result of its diet. Its digestive system is divided into compartments, with bacteria that digest cellulose and neutralize toxins from certain leaves. Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed This lets the monkey eat leaves and remain in the forest canopy. The contents of their stomach weigh about a quarter of their whole body. [4] A side-effect of this unique digestive system is that it is unable to digest ripe fruit, unlike most other simians. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. The simians ( Infraorder Simiiformes) are the "higher Primates quot familiar to most people the Monkeys and the Apes including The diet consists mainly of seeds, leaves, mangrove shoots and unripened fruit. [5]
Ecology
The Proboscis Monkey is endemic to Borneo's low elevation mangrove forests, swamps, and lowland riparian forests. Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. A swamp is a Wetland featuring temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water A Riparian forest is a forested area of land adjacent to a body of water such as a River, Stream, Pond, Lake, Marshland, Estuary [6] It lives in small groups of 10 to 32 animals. Group membership is very flexible, and animals are known to move from group to group quite often.
The Proboscis Monkey lifestyle is both arboreal and amphibious, with its mangrove swamp and riverine environment containing forest, dry land, shallow water allowing wading, and deep water requiring swimming. Like other similar monkeys, the Proboscis Monkey climbs well. It is also a proficient swimmer, often swimming from island to island, and has been picked up by fishing boats in open ocean a mile from shore. While wading, the monkey uses an upright posture, with the females carrying infants on their hip. Troops have been filmed continuing to walk upright, in single file, along forest trails when they emerge on land, the only non-human mammal, with the exception of gibbons and giant pangolins, known to use this form of locomotion for any length of time. Gibbons are the small Apes in the family Hylobatidae. The family is divided into four genera based on their Diploid Chromosome The Giant Pangolin ( Manis gigantea) is a Pangolin Species. Members of the species inhabit Africa with a range stretching along the
Status
Due to ongoing habitat loss and hunted in some areas, only about 7000 are known to still exist in the wild. In Sarawak, the population of this species has declined from 6500 in 1977 to only 1000 in 2006. Sarawak is one of two Malaysian states on the Island of Borneo. The Proboscis Monkey is evaluated as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global It is listed on Appendix I of CITES. CITES (the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments drafted [2]
Other names
While the official Indonesian name for this monkey is Bangkatan, an Indonesian nickname is 'monyet belanda', meaning 'Dutch monkey' or 'Orang Belanda', the Indonesian word for 'Dutchman', as Indonesians noticed the Dutch colonisers often also had a large belly and nose. Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. Colonisation (also known as Colonization) occurs whenever any one or more species populates a new area
References
- ^ Groves, Colin (16 November 2005). Colin Groves is Professor of Biological Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. in Wilson, D. E. , and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 168-169. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
- ^ a b Eudey et al (2000). Nasalis larvatus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 5 May 2006. Listed as Endangered (EN A2c, C1+2a v2. 3)
- ^ Proboscis monkey, long-nosed monkey BBC
- ^ Proboscis Monkey blueplanetbiomes. org
- ^ Nasalis larvatus Animal Diversity Web
- ^ Meijaard, Erik & Vincent Nijman (January 2000). "Distribution and conservation of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Kalimantan, Indonesia". Biological Conservation 92 (1): 15-24. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
External links
- ARKive - images and movies of the Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus)
- Primate Info Net Nasalis Factsheets
- Save the Proboscis Monkeys Petition and weblog with info on the rare, endangered species.