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Pro-democracy camp (Chinese: 香港民主派) is a term frequently used by Chinese state-run media and pro-establishment academics to refer to the politicians and social activists in the City of Hong Kong. Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by People's Republic of China, its own legislature the Chief Executive The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( see pronunciation; conventional short The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, or simply Hong Kong Basic Law, serves as the Constitutional document The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( see pronunciation; conventional short The Chief Executive of Hong Kong ( is the head of Hong Kong Government and the principal representative of the Hong Kong. Sir Donald Tsang Yam-Kuen, GBM, KBE, JP (born 7 October 1944 is the current Chief Executive and Head of Government of Hong The Chief Secretary for Administration ( commonly known as Chief Secretary and abbreviated as CS, is the second highest position of the Hong Kong Government Biography The former textile tycoon was promoted from Secretary for Commerce Industry and Technology to Finance Secretary on 4 August 2003 replacing Antony Financial Secretary ( often abbreviated as FS, is a position of the Hong Kong Government. John Tsang Chun-wah ( Traditional Chinese: 曾俊華 born 1951) JP is the current Financial Secretary The Secretary for Justice ( is a member of the Hong Kong Government responsible for Prosecutions and legal matters The Executive Council of Hong Kong ( ExCo,) is an organ in the Executive branch of the political structure of Hong Kong. Leung Chun Ying GBS JP BSc ( (born 12 August, 1954 in Hong Kong with family roots in Weihai Government departments and agencies in Hong Kong are controlled by the Hong Kong Government. The Legislative Council ( LegCo) is the Unicameral Legislature of Hong Kong. Rita Fan Hsu Lai-tai GBM GBS CBE JP ( was born on 20 September 1945 in Shanghai. Elections are held in Hong Kong' when certain offices in the government need to be filled A Political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain Ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power usually The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB ( or 民建聯 in short formerly known as The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong Liberal Party ( is a liberal conservative Political party in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China James Tien Pei Chun GBS OBE JP ( (born 8 January 1947 in Shanghai) is the former Chairman of the Liberal Party (LP The Democratic Party ( Jyutping: man4 zyu2 dong2 is a pro- Democracy and liberal Political party in the Hong Kong. Albert Ho Chun-yan ( born 1 December 1951 in Hong Kong with family roots in Zhongshan, Guangdong) Civic Party ( is a liberal democratic Political party in Hong Kong. Kuan Hsin Chi ( is the current chairman of the Hong Kong Civic Party, as well as the chairman of the Department of Government and Public Administration at the Audrey Eu ( LLB ( HKU) LLM ( London) SC, JP was born on 11 September 1953 in Hong Kong The League of Social Democrats ( Chinese:社會民主連線 is a radical pro-democratic political organization in Hong Kong. Raymond Wong ( Wong Yuk-Man;) is the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( Geographical constituency, Kowloon West) The Judiciary of Hong Kong is responsible for the administration of justice in Hong Kong The Court of Final Appeal ( is the court with the final adjudication power on the laws of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic The District Councils, formerly District Boards until 1999 are the local councils for the 18 Districts of Hong Kong. Human rights in Hong Kong occasionally comes under the spotlight by the international community because of its world city status Hong Kong is a Special administrative region (SAR of the People's Republic of China (PRC Democratic development in Hong Kong has been a major topic since the 1997 handover. The Culture of Hong Kong can best be described as a foundation that began with China, and then leaned West for much of the 20th century under constructive Hong Kong's highly favorable geographical position and Entrepot trading opportunities are wealth-generating assets Education in Hong Kong has a similar system to that of the United Kingdom, in particular the English education system of Hong Kong was modernized by the The Geography of Hong Kong primarily consists of three main territories Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and the New Territories Hong Kong began as a coastal Island geographically located in southern China. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" The Establishment is a Pejorative term used to refer to the traditional Ruling class Elite and the structures of society that they control A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Democratic activists are usually critical of the post-1997 Hong Kong Special Administration Region government and the People's Republic of China's authoritarian government, which they say does not properly represent the will of the people. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( see pronunciation; conventional short Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The politics of the People's Republic of China take place in a framework of a single-party socialist republic. Populism is a discourse which supports "the people" versus "the Elites " Populism may involve either a political philosophy urging social and political ^[1] People who vote for pro-democracy candidates are generally hoping to achieve some implementation of checks and balances in government, since the Hong Kong community treats democracy as an important means to guarantee freedom, their lifestyle and their living standard. Separation of powers, a term ascribed to French Enlightenment Political philosopher Baron de Montesquieu, is a model for the Governance Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system ^[1] Its supportors also advocate a faster pace of democratisation and implementation of universal and equal suffrage. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Universal suffrage (also universal adult suffrage, general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally It is never referred to as the "Pro-Democracy Camp" from within its ranks, as this term is frequently used pejoratively by detractors of the movement. Words and phrases are pejorative if they imply disapproval or contempt The Pro-Democracy camp is aligned with and similar to, but distinct from, the Chinese democracy movement. The Chinese democracy movement ( abbreviated as Mínyùn "民运" is a loosely organized political movement in Mainland China against continued

Members of the camp represent a very broad social and political demographic, from the working class to the middle class and professionals. Demographics or demographic data refers to selected population characteristics as used in government Marketing or opinion research or the Demographic profiles Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. Opposite to the pro-democracy camp is the pro-Beijing camp, whose members are frequently supportive of the authoritarian rule exercised throughout much of China's mainland. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the Authoritarianism describes a Form of government characterized by an emphasis on the Authority of the State in a republic or union Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction Those with high positions in the Communist Party are less likely to support democratic reform, as they have the most to lose if the general public is allowed to speak and be heard. Democratization ( British English: Democratisation) is the transition to a more democratic Political regime. Elitism is the belief or attitude that those individuals who are considered members of the Elite &mdash a select group of people with outstanding personal abilities intellect A general election is an Election in which all or most members of a given political body are up for election Those who have been appointed to their positions would obviously be against the idea of a fair democratic process, as they would lose their jobs to someone who is less corrupt or well-liked by the general public. Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain In Sociology or Anthropology, social status is the honor or prestige attached to one's position in Society (one's Social position)

Due to its democracy mission in the political scene, the camp is largely supported by Hong Kong citizens, which can be reflected in Hong Kong Legislative Council and District Council elections. Hongkongers usually refers to residents of Hong Kong, and not Ethnicity or Nationality, i The Legislative Council ( LegCo) is the Unicameral Legislature of Hong Kong. The District Councils, formerly District Boards until 1999 are the local councils for the 18 Districts of Hong Kong. However, they cannot monopolize the two councils due to electoral regulations. According to China's constitution^[2], only the Communist Party may unilaterally dominate an elected body in China. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China ( is the highest law within the People's Republic of China. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the A single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a type of Party system Government in which a single Political party

Contents 1 History 2 PRC Criticism 3 Members of the camp 4 In the previous sessions of the LegCo 5 See also 6 References

History

Members of the camp include social workers and social activists who took part in Hong Kong's district board, Urban Council and Regional Council elections in the early 1980s, as well as professionals, mainly lawyers, who entered the Legislative Council when functional constituencies were introduced in the mid-1980s. The District Councils, formerly District Boards until 1999 are the local councils for the 18 Districts of Hong Kong. The Urban Council (UrbCo) was a municipal council in Hong Kong responsible for Municipal services on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon The Regional Council (RegCo) was a municipal council in Hong Kong responsible for Municipal services in the New Territories (excluding Elections are held in Hong Kong' when certain offices in the government need to be filled In the political systems of Hong Kong and Macau, a functional constituency is a professional or special interest group involved in the electoral process Several political groups existed during the era. The foundation of its public support has its roots in opposition to the 1989 Tiananmen Massacre which aroused widespread horror, symphathy and support of the protestors by Hong Kong citizens. The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (referred to in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident, to avoid confusion with two Hongkongers usually refers to residents of Hong Kong, and not Ethnicity or Nationality, i ^[3] The crackdown on Chinese media and subsequent suppression of student dissent was a mobilizing factor; and the first direct election to the Legislative Council in 1991 brought the amalgamation of some of these groups into the United Democrats of Hong Kong. Suppression of dissent occurs when an individual or group which is more powerful than another tries to directly or indirectly censor, persecute or The United Democrats of Hong Kong ( Chinese 香港民主同盟 港同盟 was a Pro-democracy political party in Hong Kong.

The "Pro-Democracy Camp" term has been in common use since the 1995 election of the Legislative Council, when the Democratic Party, newly merged from the United Democrats of Hong Kong and Meeting Point, together with other smaller political parties, groups and independents, controlled nearly half of the seat of the council and was the largest force. The Legislative Council ( LegCo) is the Unicameral Legislature of Hong Kong. The Democratic Party ( Jyutping: man4 zyu2 dong2 is a pro- Democracy and liberal Political party in the Hong Kong. The United Democrats of Hong Kong ( Chinese 香港民主同盟 港同盟 was a Pro-democracy political party in Hong Kong. Some of the members of the camp, especially the Democratic Party, were often considered strategic allies of the government of Chris Patten, then governor. Christopher Francis Patten Baron Patten of Barnes, CH, PC (born 12 May 1944 in Cleveleys, Lancashire) is a prominent British Conservative The Governor of Hong Kong ( abbreviated 港督 was the head of the Hong Kong Government, ex-officio Commander-in-Chief and Vice-Admiral

All of its members, except the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood, declined to join the extralegal Provisional Legislative Council installed by the government of the People's Republic of China, and were ousted from the territory's legislature for a year until the 1998 election. The Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL ( is a pro-democracy Political party in the Hong Kong. The Provisional Legislative Council ( Chinese: 臨時立法會 frequently abbreviated to 臨立會 was the interim legislature of Hong Kong from 1997 to 1998 Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Starting from the 1998 election, since the plurality electoral system was changed to proportional representation, compounded with the restoration of corporate votes in the functional constituencies, and replacement of broad-based functional constituencies with traditional ones, the number of seats of the camp dipped, albeit having similar share of vote. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes Within the camp, share of smaller parties and independents increased relatively, with the share of the Democratic Party falling from around two-thirds in 1995 to less than a half by 2004.

In recent years, use of "pan-democrat" (泛民主派) is gaining in popularity, as it is typically meant to be non-denominational and all-inclusive. In addition, to some people, it is less likely than 民主派 to cause confusion with the Democratic Party (民主黨).

Members of the camp tend to use the latter term to identify themselves, due to overuse of the "Pro-Democracy Camp" term in negative tones by its detractors. "Pan-Democrat" as a title has grown in usage especially during the passage of the national security and anti-subversion legislation, the subsequent 2003 district council and 2004 LegCo elections, and the debate over electoral reforms for the 2007 Chief Executive and 2008 LegCo elections. Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23 is the basis (parent statute of a Security Law proposed by the Government of Hong Kong. District Council elections ( are held in Hong Kong at 4-year interval when the 18 district councils totalling 405 elected members (as at 2007 require renewal The 2004 Hong Kong legislative election for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo was held on September 12, 2004.

PRC Criticism

The movement is criticized in media controlled by the PRC central government authorities and post-1997 Hong Kong SAR puppet government as an "opposition camp" (反對派), since their desires for freedom of speech, freedom of press, and self-determination contradict with the politics of the PRC government (i. This article is about media in Mainland China. See also Media of Hong Kong and Media of Macau. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( see pronunciation; conventional short A puppet state is a State that is nominally independent but in reality under the control of another power e. anti-communism 反共, anti-authoritarianism). Anti-communism refers to opposition to Communism. Historically the word "communism" has been used to refer to several types of communal social organization and Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to Authoritarianism, which is defined as a "political doctrine advocating the principle of absolute rule absolutism autocracy despotism Some members in the camp, especially Martin Lee 李柱銘, are also accused of sympathizing with or being agents of the United States and the United Kingdom against the communist government. Martin Lee QC SC JP ( Chinese 李柱銘 Pinyin: Lǐ Zhùmíng born June 8, 1938) was the founding chairman The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In some cases, proponents of democratic reform have even been accused of high treason. See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country (漢奸, literally "traitor to the Han Chinese, see hanjian). Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. In Chinese culture, a Hanjian ( is a highly derogatory and Pejorative term for a Traitor, especially to the Han Chinese ethnicity ^[4]

Members of the camp

Civil organisations, individual social activists, political parties, political groups and lawmakers who share a similar belief in democracy are all considered members of this camp.

The following entities are routinely referred to as members of the Pro-Democracy camp:

• Democratic Party (9)
• The Frontier (1)
• Civic Party (6, members ran as independents in the 2004 election)
• Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (1)
• Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre (1)
• Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (1)
• League of Social Democrats (2, Leung Kwok Hung ran in 2004 as under the April Fifth Action banner)
• Albert Cheng (joint ticket with Andrew To of The Frontier in 2004)
• Kwok Ka Ki
• Lau Chin Shek¹ (president of the HKCTU, ran as an independent in the 2004 election)
• Joseph Lee

The following political groups are represented in at least one of the district councils:

• Civic Act-up

Notes:
1. The Democratic Party ( Jyutping: man4 zyu2 dong2 is a pro- Democracy and liberal Political party in the Hong Kong. The Frontier is a more radical pro- Democracy political group in the Hong Kong. Civic Party ( is a liberal democratic Political party in Hong Kong. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (HKCTU ( is a pro- Democracy The Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL ( is a pro-democracy Political party in the Hong Kong. The League of Social Democrats ( Chinese:社會民主連線 is a radical pro-democratic political organization in Hong Kong. April Fifth Action or AFAG ( is a group named after the first Tiananmen incident of April 5, 1976. Albert Jinghan Cheng ( nicknamed Tai-Pan (大班 (born July 3 1946 in Hong Kong was the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong Kwok Ka Ki 郭家麒 (born on 20 July1961 in Hong Kong with family root in Jieyang, Guangdong) was the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong Lau Chin Shek ( Chinese: 劉千石 born 12 September 1944 in Guangzhou, Guangdong with family root Joseph Lee may refer to Joseph Lee (poet, Scottish poet J Bracken Lee (1899-1996 Governor of Utah Joseph Lee Heywood The District Councils, formerly District Boards until 1999 are the local councils for the 18 Districts of Hong Kong. Civic Act-up ( is a small pro-democracy Political group in the Hong Kong, China. Lau Chin Shek is not considered as a pro-democrat by some members of the camp such as Raymond Wong. Raymond Wong ( Wong Yuk-Man;) is the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( Geographical constituency, Kowloon West)

In the previous sessions of the LegCo

• 123 Democratic Alliance
• Citizens Party
• Meeting Point (one of the predecessors of the Democratic Party)
• United Democrats of Hong Kong (one of the predecessors of the Democratic Party)

See also

• Pro-Beijing camp
• The Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China
• list of political parties and political groups in Hong Kong
• Civil Human Rights Front

References

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