The Privilegium Minus (as opposed to the later Privilegium Maius, which was a forgery) is a document issued by Emperor Frederick I on September 17, 1156. The Privilegium Maius was a document forged at the behest of Duke Rudolf IV of Austria ( 1358 - 1365) which was essentially a modified version Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec It included the elevation of the Margraviate of Austria to a Duchy, which was given as an inheritable fief to the House of Babenberg. Margrave (marchio is the English and French form (recorded since 1551 of the German Title Markgraf (from Mark " Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich A duchy is a territory fief, or domain ruled by a Duke or Duchess. Its recipient was Frederick's paternal uncle Markgrave Henry II Jasomirgott. Heinrich (Henry II, (1107 &ndash January 13, 1177) Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1140-1141 Margrave of Austria from 1141 to 1156 In addition to that, inheritance should also be possible through the female line of the ducal family. In the absence of children, the duke was allowed to designate a successor (Libertas Affectandi). The duke's duty to attend the Reichstag was limited to those cases where it convened in Bavaria. The Reichstag ( German for "Imperial Diet " was the Parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Also, Austria was henceforth only required to provide troops to the emperor in wars in its vicinity.
The issue of the Privilegium Minus document is to be seen before the backdrop of the conflict between the Hohenstaufen and Welfen dynasties in the Holy Roman Empire, which the then young emperor -- who was descended from both houses -- desired to end. See also Elder House of Welf The House of Welf (or House of Guelph) is a European Dynasty that has included many German and British The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Duchy of Bavaria was returned to Henry the Lion of the Welfen dynasty, which the Babenbergs had ruled since 1139. Henry the Lion ( German: Heinrich der Löwe; 1129 &ndash 6 August 1195) was a member of the Guelph dynasty and Duke of Saxony To make up for the loss, Austria was raised to the status of a duchy. This was then seen as a loss for Duke Heinrich II Jasomirgott. Only much later, the document turned out to be founding act for what was to become a nation. A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered Because of it, 1156 is sometimes given as Austria's date of independence, which it then gained from Bavaria.
In succession crisis of the 13th century
Because the Babenberg Austria was inheritable by females, two rivalling candidates emerged after the last male Babenberg Frederick II, Duke of Austria, Styria and Carinthia died in 1246. Frederick II, known as the Quarrelsome or the Warlike ( German: Friedrich der Streitbare; 25 April 1211 &ndash
- Herman VI, Margrave of Baden (died 1250), second husband of Gertrude of Babenberg, the daughter and heiress of the late Henry of Modling, the elder brother of the now late Duke Frederick. Herman VI (c 1226 &ndash October 4, 1250) was Margrave of Baden from 1243 until his death Gertrude of Austria (also named Gertrude of Babenberg) (b 1226 &ndash d She was the primogenitural heir of Duke Frederick and the entire Babenberg line of Dukes of Austria. Her first husband Vladislav of Bohemia, Margrave of Moravia (died 1247) had already claimed Austrian duchy against duke Frederick, as Gertrude was heiress of the elder brother. After Herman's death, her third husband Roman, Prince of Novogrudok (married 1252, divorced 1253) continued the claim in 1252-53. And then Gertrude and Herman's son Frederick I, Margrave of Baden's claim was asserted to the Babenberg inheritance, but he was killed in 1268, leaving a sister (the future Countess of Heunburg) to continue the line. Frederick I of Baden (1249 &ndash October 29, 1268) was Margrave of Baden from October 4, 1250 until his death
- King Otakar II of Bohemia (1233-78), since 1252 husband of the (childless) Margaret of Babenberg, dowager Queen of the Romans and the only surviving sister of Duke Frederick. Ottokar II (Přemysl II Otakar c 1230 &ndash August 26, 1278) called The Iron and Golden King, was the King of Bohemia from 1253 until 1278 Margaret of Austria (b ca 1204 - d Krumau am Kamp, 29 October 1266) was a Queen Consort of the Romans 1225-35 titular Duchess She was the heiress in proximity of blood of the last duke. Proximity of blood, or closeness in degree of Kinship, is one of the ways to determine hereditary Succession based on Genealogy. Otakar's supporters proclaimed her the Duchess Margaret of Austria. Margaret of Austria (b ca 1204 - d Krumau am Kamp, 29 October 1266) was a Queen Consort of the Romans 1225-35 titular Duchess Unfortunate for Otakar, she was barren and they got divorced in 1260, Otakar marrying a younger woman. Margaret died in 1267 and left no children (so her heiress would be Gertrude again) - but Otakar kept Austria, Styria etc claiming to be the heir designated by Margaret in their divorce settlement. He held the duchies until deposed by king Rudolf I of Germany in 1276. Rudolph I, also known as Rudolph of Habsburg ( German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Latin Rudolfus) May 1, 1218 &ndash
In the succession crisis of 18th century
The Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 was partially based on provisions of Privilegium Minus of Austria. The Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, a legal mechanism designed to ensure that the Austrian throne and Habsburg lands would be inherited by Emperor Charles VI Although not given to the Habsburgs but to the Babenbergs, it anyway allowed female heiresses to succeed in Austria, and it designated to the Duke the right to name a successor in absence of heirs. It led to War of Austrian Succession. The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748 involved nearly all the powers of Europe
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