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Private law (Civil law) is that part of a legal system that involves relationships between individuals. The three major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, Common law and Religious law. This includes the law of contracts or torts and the law of obligations. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society A contract is an exchange of promises between two or more parties to do or refrain from doing an act which is enforceable in a court of law Tort law is the name given to a body of law that creates and provides remedies for civil wrongs that do not arise out of Contractual duties The Law of Obligations is one of the component private law elements of the civil law system of Law. It is distinguished from public law, which deals with law involving the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law and other law of public order. Public law is a theory of law governing the relationship between Individuals ( Citizens companies) and the State. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. A statute is a formal written enactment of a Legislative authority that governs a Country, State, City, or County. In the most general sense penal is the body of laws that are enforced by the State in its own name and impose penalties for their violation as opposed to civil law that seeks In Urban planning, the notion of " public order " refers to a City containing relatively empty (and orderly Spaces which allow for flexibility

In general terms, public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population, whereas private law involves interactions between private citizens.

The concept of private law in common law countries is a little more broad, in that it also encompasses private relationships between governments and private individuals or other entities. Common law refers to law and the corresponding legal system developed through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive That is, relationships between governments and individuals based on the law of contract or torts are governed by private law, and are not considered to be within the scope of public law. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society A contract is an exchange of promises between two or more parties to do or refrain from doing an act which is enforceable in a court of law Tort law is the name given to a body of law that creates and provides remedies for civil wrongs that do not arise out of Contractual duties Public law is a theory of law governing the relationship between Individuals ( Citizens companies) and the State.

Areas in private law

An order of succession is a formula or algorithm that determines who inherits an office upon the death resignation or removal of its current occupant Labour law (also known as employment or labor law is the body of Laws administrative rulings and precedents which address the legal rights of and restrictions Commercial law (sometimes known as business law) is the body of Law which governs Business and commercial transactions Corporate law (also "company" or "corporations" law is the Law of the most dominant kind of business enterprise in the modern world
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