Princeton University
Motto:	Dei sub numine viget (Latin)
Motto in English:	Under God's power she flourishes
Established:	1746
Type:	Private
Endowment:	US$15. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point Unlike Public universities, private universities generally do not receive direct operational funding from national or subnational governments and thus rely on private A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 8 billion[1]
President:	Shirley M. Tilghman
Staff:	1,103
Undergraduates:	4,923[2]
Postgraduates:	1,975
Location:	Borough of Princeton, Princeton Township, and West Windsor Township, New Jersey, USA
Campus:	Suburban, 600 acres (2. University president is the title of the highest ranking officer within a University, within university systems that prefer that appellation over other variations such as Shirley Marie Tilghman FRS (née Caldwell September 17, 1946) is the President of Princeton University (the first woman to hold the position Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. See also Postgraduate Training in Education Postgraduate education (synonymous in North America with graduate education, and sometimes described See also Princeton Township New Jersey and Princeton New Jersey The Borough of Princeton is a borough and is one of the See also the Borough of Princeton, New Jersey and Princeton, New Jersey Princeton Township is a township in Mercer West Windsor Township is a Township in Mercer County, New Jersey, in the United States. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U 4 km²) (Princeton Borough and Township)
Athletics:	38 sports teams
Colors:	Orange and Black
Mascot:	Tigers
Affiliations:	MAISA; AAU
Website:	www.princeton.edu

Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand School colors are the Colors chosen by a School to represent it on uniforms and other items of identification The term mascot – defined as a term for any person animal or object thought to bring Luck – colloquially includes anything used to represent a group with a common The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus Middle Atlantic Intercollegiate Sailing Association (MAISA organizes and regulates intercollegiate sailing in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, The Association of American Universities (AAU is an Organization of leading research universities devoted to maintaining a strong system of academic Research A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Unlike Public universities, private universities generally do not receive direct operational funding from national or subnational governments and thus rely on private Mixed-sex education, (or just Mixed education) also known as Coeducation, is the integrated education to males and females at the same school facilities A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects See also Princeton Township New Jersey, Borough of Princeton New Jersey Princeton Borough New Jersey Princeton Township New Jersey this New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is one of the eight universities that belong to the Ivy League. The Ivy League is an Athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States.

Originally founded at Elizabeth, New Jersey, in 1746 as the College of New Jersey, it relocated to Princeton in 1756 and was renamed “Princeton University” in 1896. Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. College of New Jersey may refer to Princeton University, name prior to 1896 The College of New Jersey, formerly Trenton State College ^[3] Princeton was the fourth institution of higher education in the U. The Colonial Colleges are nine institutions of Higher education chartered in the American Colonies before the American Revolution (1775&ndash1783 Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges S. to conduct classes. ^[4][5] Princeton has never had any official religious affiliation, rare among American universities of its age. At one time, it had close ties to the Presbyterian Church, but today it is nonsectarian and makes no religious demands on its students. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity Nonsectarian, in its most literal sense refers to a lack of Sectarianism. ^[6][7] The university has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton Theological Seminary and the Westminster Choir College of Rider University. The Institute for Advanced Study, located in Princeton New Jersey, United States is a center for theoretical research Princeton Theological Seminary (PTS is a theological seminary of the Presbyterian Church located in the Borough of Princeton Westminster Choir College is a residential College of music located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Rider University is a private coeducational nonsectarian University located chiefly in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, in Mercer County ^[8]

Princeton has traditionally focused on undergraduate education, though it also has a small number of graduate students. In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. See also Postgraduate Training in Education Postgraduate education (synonymous in North America with graduate education, and sometimes described ^[9] Although lacking medical, law, or business schools, it offers professional master's degrees (mostly through the Wilson School) and doctoral programs in the sciences, humanities, and social sciences. The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs (often truncated to Woodrow Wilson School or abbreviated WWS; known as "Woody Woo" in A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement In addition to the research conducted on the main campus, the Forrestal Campus has special facilities for the study of plasma physics and meteorology.

History

Main article: History of Princeton University

Sculpture by J. Massey Rhind (1892), Alexander Hall, Princeton University

The history of Princeton goes back to its establishment by "New Light" Presbyterians; Princeton was originally intended to train Presbyterian ministers. The history of Princeton University spans over 250 years since it was founded in 1746 John Massey Rhind ( July 9, 1860 - 1936 was an American sculptor born in Edinburgh, Scotland. The First Great Awakening (referred to by some historians as the Great Awakening) was a period of heightened religious activity primarily in Great Britain and its Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity It opened at Elizabeth, New Jersey, under the presidency of Jonathan Dickinson as the College of New Jersey. Jonathan Dickinson (1688&ndash1747 was a Congregational, later Presbyterian, minister a leader in the Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s and a co-founder Its second president was Aaron Burr, Sr.; the third was Jonathan Edwards. The Reverend Aaron Burr ( January 4 1715 &ndash September 24 1757) was a notable divine and educator in Colonial America. This article is about the theologian (b 1703 for other uses of Jonathan Edwards see Jonathan Edwards. In 1756, the college moved to Princeton, New Jersey.

Between the time of the move to Princeton in 1756 and the construction of Stanhope Hall in 1803, the college's sole building was Nassau Hall, named for the Dutch William III of England of the House of Orange-Nassau. Nassau Hall (or Old Nassau) is the oldest building at Princeton University in the Borough of Princeton, New Jersey ( USA) William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau) a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life (A proposal was made to name it for the colonial Governor, Jonathan Belcher, but he declined. Jonathan Belcher ( January 8, 1682 August 31, 1757) was colonial Governor of Massachusetts, New Hampshire ) The college also got one of its colors, orange, from William III. During the American Revolution, Princeton was occupied by both sides, and the college's buildings were heavily damaged. The Battle of Princeton, fought in a nearby field in January of 1777, proved to be a decisive victory for General George Washington and his troops. Background In the night after the Second Battle of Trenton, General Washington led the roughly 6000 man main body of his army stealthily away from Lieutenant George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Two of Princeton's leading citizens signed the United States Declaration of Independence, and during the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall, making Princeton the country's capital for four months. The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the The much-abused landmark survived bombardment with cannonballs in the Revolutionary War when General Washington struggled to wrest the building from British control, as well as later fires that left only its walls standing in 1802 and 1855. Round shot is an obsolete solid Projectile without explosive charge fired from Small arms or Cannons As the name implies round shot is spherical In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Rebuilt by Joseph Henry Latrobe, John Notman, and John Witherspoon, the modern Nassau Hall has been much revised and expanded from the original designed by Robert Smith. John Notman (1810&ndash1865 a well known American Architect, was born in Scotland and educated at the Royal Scottish Academy. John Witherspoon ( February 15, 1723 &ndash November 15, 1794) was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence The work of Robert Smith (1722-1777 has been part of the Philadelphia skyline for over 200 years Over the centuries, its role shifted from an all-purpose building, comprising office, dormitory, library, and classroom space, to classrooms only, to its present role as the administrative center of the university. Dormitory typically refers in the United States to residence halls which are sleeping quarters or entire buildings primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution Originally, the sculptures in front of the building were lions, as a gift in 1879. These were later replaced with tigers in 1911. ^[10]

The Princeton Theological Seminary broke off from the college in 1812, since the Presbyterians wanted their ministers to have more theological training, while the faculty and students would have been content with less. This reduced the student body and the external support for Princeton for some time. The two institutions currently enjoy a close relationship based on common history and shared resources.

Nassau Hall, the university's oldest building. Note the tiger sculptures beside the steps (See discussion above).

The university was becoming an obscure backwater when President James McCosh took office in 1868. James McCosh ( April 1 1811 &ndash November 16 1894) was a prominent philosopher of the Scottish School of Common Sense. During his two decades in power, he overhauled the curriculum, oversaw an expansion of inquiry into the sciences, and supervised the addition of a number of buildings in the High Victorian Gothic style to the campus. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began ^[11] McCosh Hall is named in his honor.

In 1896, the college officially changed its name from the College of New Jersey to Princeton University to honor the town in which it resided. During this year, the college also underwent large expansion and officially became a university. Under Woodrow Wilson, Princeton introduced the preceptorial system in 1905, a then-unique concept that augmented the standard lecture method of teaching with a more personal form where small groups of students, or precepts, could interact with a single instructor, or preceptor, in their field of interest. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States.

In 1969, Princeton University first admitted women as undergraduates. In 1887, the university had actually maintained and staffed a sister college in the town of Princeton on Evelyn and Nassau streets, called the Evelyn College for Women, which was closed after roughly a decade of operation. Harvard University and Yale University in the US and Oxford University and Cambridge University have a tradition of pairing their respective Residential Evelyn College for Women, often shortened to Evelyn College, was the coordinate women's college of Princeton University in Princeton, New After abortive discussions in 1967 with Sarah Lawrence College to relocate the women's college to Princeton and merge it with the university, the administration decided to admit women and turned to the issue of transforming the school's operations and facilities into a female-friendly campus. Sarah Lawrence is a private, independent, liberal arts college in the United States. The administration barely finished these plans by April 1969 when the admission's office began mailing out its acceptance letters. Its five-year coeducation plan provided $7. 8 million for the development of new facilities that would eventually house and educate 650 women students at Princeton by 1974. Ultimately, 148 women, consisting of 100 freshwomen and transfer students of other years, entered Princeton on September 6, 1969 amidst much media attention. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. (Princeton enrolled its first female graduate student, Sabra Follett Meserve, as a Ph. D. candidate in Turkish history in 1961. A handful of women had studied at Princeton as undergraduates from 1963 on, spending their junior year there to study subjects in which Princeton's offerings surpassed those of their home institutions. They were considered regular students for their year on campus, but were not candidates for a Princeton degree. )

Campus

Many campus buildings have neo-Gothic archways and lanterns. Seen here is Blair Arch, the largest and most famous archway on campus.

Princeton's campus features buildings designed by noted architects such as Benjamin Latrobe, Ralph Adams Cram, McKim, Mead & White, Robert Venturi, and Nick Yeager. Benjamin Henry Boneval Latrobe ( May 1, 1764 - September 3, 1820) was a British-born American Architect best known for his design of Ralph Adams Cram, ( December 16, 1863 - September 22, 1942) was an American Architect of collegiate and ecclesiastical McKim Mead and White was a prominent architectural firm in the eastern United States at the turn of the twentieth century Robert Charles Venturi Jr (born June 25, 1925 in Philadelphia) is an award-winning American Architect and founding principal of the firm Venturi The campus, located on 2 km² of landscaped grounds, features a large number of Neo-gothic-style buildings, most dating from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is situated about one hour from New York City and Philadelphia. The City of New York Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The first Princeton building constructed was Nassau Hall, situated in the north end of Campus on Nassau Street. Stanhope Hall (once a library, now home of the University's Center for African-American Studies) and East and West College, both dormitories, followed. While many of the succeeding buildings—particularly the dormitories of the Northern campus—were built in a Collegiate Gothic style, the university is something of a mixture of American architectural movements. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began Greek Revival temples (Whig and Clio Halls) abut the lawn south of Nassau Hall, while a crenellated theater (Murray-Dodge) guards the route west to the library. Modern buildings are confined to the east and south of the campus, a quarter overlooked by the 14-story Fine Hall. Fine, the Math Department's home, designed by Warner, Burns, Toan and Lunde and completed in 1970, is the tallest building at the university. ^[12] Contemporary additions feature a number of big-name architects, including IM Pei's Spelman Halls, Robert Venturi's Frist Campus Center, Rafael Vinoly's Carl Icahn Laboratory, the Hillier Group's Bowen Hall, and Demetri Porphyrios' Whitman College. Ieoh Ming Pei ( (b April 26, 1917) commonly known by his initials I Frist Campus Center is a focal point of social life at Princeton University. Rafael Viñoly (b 1944) is an Uruguayan-born Architect living in the United States Carl Celian Icahn (born February 16, 1936) is an American Billionaire Financier, Corporate raider and Private equity Demetri Porphyrios (born 1949) is a Greek architect and author who currently practices architecture in London as principal of the firm Porphyrios Associates A science library by Frank Gehry is under construction. Frank Owen Gehry CC (born Ephraim Owen Goldberg, February 28, 1929) is a Pritzker Prize -winning Architect Much sculpture adorns the campus, including pieces by Henry Moore (Oval with Points, also nicknamed "Nixon's Nose"), Clement Meadmore (Upstart II), and Alexander Calder (Five Disks: One Empty). Henry Spencer Moore OM CH FBA (30 July 1898 – 31 August 1986 was an English artist and sculptor. Clement Meadmore ( February 9, 1929 - April 19, 2005) was an Australian-American sculptor known for massive outdoor steel Sculptures Alexander Calder (22 July 1898 – 11 November 1976 also known as Sandy Calder, was an American sculptor and Artist most famous for inventing At the base of campus is the Delaware and Raritan Canal, dating from 1830, and Lake Carnegie, a man-made lake donated by the steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, used for crew (rowing) and sailing. Lake Carnegie is a man-made Lake that is formed from a Dam on the Millstone River, in the far northeastern corner of Princeton Township New Jersey Andrew Carnegie (properly kɑrˈneɪgi but commonly /ˈkɑrnɨgi/ or /kɑrˈnɛgi/ (25 November 1835 – 11 August 1919 was a Scottish -born American Industrialist

Cannon Green

Cannon Green is located on the south end of the main lawn. Buried in the ground at the center is the "Big Cannon", the top of which protrudes from the earth and is traditionally spray-painted in orange with the current senior class year. A second "Little Cannon" is buried in the lawn in front of nearby Whig Hall. American Whig-Cliosophic Society (short form Whig-Clio is the oldest college political literary and debating society in continual existence in the world Both were buried in response to periodic thefts by Rutgers students. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University) is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey The "Big Cannon" is said to have been left in Princeton by Hessians after the Revolutionary War but moved to New Brunswick during the War of 1812. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies Ownership of the cannon was disputed and the cannon was eventually taken back to Princeton partly by a military company and then by 100 Princeton students. The "Big Cannon" was eventually buried in its current location behind Nassau Hall in 1840. In 1875, Rutgers students attempting to recover the original cannon stole the "Little Cannon" instead. The smaller cannon was subsequently recovered and buried as well. The protruding cannons are occasionally painted scarlet by Rutgers students who continue the traditional dispute. ^[13]

The Academy Award-winning movie, A Beautiful Mind, contains a scene on Cannon Green. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. A Beautiful Mind is a 2001 American Biographical film about John Forbes Nash, the Nobel Laureate in Economics. John Nash plays Go with his college rival while sitting on stone benches in the middle of the green. (The benches do not exist; like many elements of the Princeton setting, they were introduced for the film. ) Additional scenes were filmed around Holder Courtyard.

Buildings

McCarter Theater

McCarter Theater

The Tony-award-winning^[14] McCarter Theatre was built by the Princeton Triangle Club using club profits and a gift from Princeton University alumnus Thomas McCarter. McCarter Theatre is a not-for-profit professional company on the campus of Princeton University in Princeton New Jersey. The Princeton Triangle Club is a theater troupe at Princeton University. Today the Triangle Club is an official student group and performs its annual freshmen revue and fall musicals in McCarter. The McCarter is also recognized as one of the leading regional theaters in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Art Museum

The Princeton University Art Museum was established to give students direct, intimate, and sustained access to original works of art to complement and enrich instruction and research at the university, and this continues to be its primary function. The Princeton University Art Museum is the Princeton University 's gallery on art located in Princeton New Jersey.

Numbering nearly 60,000 objects, the collections range chronologically from ancient to contemporary art, and concentrate geographically on the Mediterranean regions, Western Europe, China, the United States, and Latin America. Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National There is a collection of Greek and Roman antiquities, including ceramics, marbles, bronzes, and Roman mosaics from Princeton University’s excavations in Antioch. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC In Archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological Ceramics and ceramic art in the art world means artwork made out of clay bodies and fired to form a ceramic. Antioch on the Orontes (Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη Antiochia ad Orontem also Medieval Europe is represented by sculpture, metalwork, and stained glass. The collection of Western European paintings includes examples from the early Renaissance through the nineteenth century, and there is a growing collection of twentieth-century and contemporary art. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere

Among the strengths in the museum are the collections of Chinese art, with important holdings in bronzes, tomb figurines, painting, and calligraphy; and pre-Columbian art, with examples of the art of the Maya. Calligraphy (from Greek kallos "beauty" + graphẽ "writing" is the art of writing (Mediavilla 1996 17 The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences The museum has collections of old master prints and drawings and a comprehensive collection of original photographs. African art is represented as well as Northwest Coast Indian art. Other works include those of the John B. Putnam, Jr. , Memorial Collection of twentieth-century sculpture, including works by such modern masters as Alexander Calder, Jacques Lipchitz, Henry Moore and Pablo Picasso. Alexander Calder (22 July 1898 – 11 November 1976 also known as Sandy Calder, was an American sculptor and Artist most famous for inventing Jacques Lipchitz ( August 22, 1891 - May 16, 1973) was a Cubist sculptor Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 The Putnam Collection is overseen by the Museum but exhibited outdoors around campus.

University Chapel

Princeton University Chapel

Princeton University Chapel is the third-largest university chapel in the world. Construction of the Princeton University Chapel began in 1924 and the structure was completed in 1928 at a cost of $2 Known for its gothic architecture, the chapel houses one of the largest and most precious stained glass collections in the country. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. Both the Opening Exercises for entering freshmen and the Baccalaureate Service for graduating seniors take place in the University Chapel. Construction on the Princeton University Chapel began in 1924 was completed in 1927, at a cost of $2. 4 million. Princeton's Chapel is the world's third-largest university chapel, behind those of Valparaiso University and King's College, Cambridge, England. Valparaiso University, known Colloquially as Valpo, is a private University located in the city of Valparaiso in the U King's College Cambridge is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland ^[15] It was designed by the University's lead consulting architect, Ralph Adams Cram, previously of Boston's architectural firm Cram, Goodhue and Ferguson, leading proponents of the Gothic revival style. An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction The vaulting was built by the Guastavino Company, whose thin Spanish tile vaults can be found in Ellis Island, Grand Central Terminal, and hundreds of other significant works of 20th century architecture.

The 270-foot-long, 76-foot-high, cruciform church is in the collegiate Gothic style, and is made largely from Pennsylvania sandstone and Indiana limestone. For the resurrection device/parasite at the Hyperion Cantos see Cruciform (Hyperion Cantos. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 It seats 2000 people, many in pews made from wood salvaged from Civil War-era gun carriages. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Seats in the chancel are made from oak from Sherwood Forest. Sherwood Forest is a Royal Forest in Nottinghamshire, England, that is famous through its historical association with the Legend of Robin The 16th century pulpit was brought from France and the primary pipe organ has 8000 pipes and 109 stops. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The pipe organ is a Musical instrument that produces sound when pressurized air (wind is driven through a series of pipes, controlled by a keyboard

One of the most prominent features of the chapel is its stained glass windows which have an unusually academic leaning. For the Blackford Oakes novel see Stained Glass (novel The term stained glass refers either to the material of coloured Glass or to the art Three of the large windows have religious themes: the north aisle windows shows the life of Jesus, the north clerestory shows the spirtual development of the Jews, while the south aisle has the teachings of Jesus. The stained glass in the south clerestory portrays the evolution of human thought from the Greeks to modern times. It has windows on such topics as Science, Law, Poetry and War.

Organization

Princeton is among the wealthiest universities in the world, with an endowment of US$15. 8 billion. Ranked as the fourth largest endowment in the United States, the university has the greatest per-student endowment in the world. The following are three lists of US institutions of higher education by endowment: Largest endowments Largest endowments per student Certain universities This is sustained through the continued donations of its alumni and is maintained by investment advisors. ^[16] Some of Princeton's wealth is invested in its art museum, which features works by Claude Monet and Andy Warhol, among other prominent artists. Claude Monet ( French klod mɔnɛ also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet (14 November 1840 &ndash 5 December 1926 was a founder For the song by David Bowie, see Andy Warhol (song. Andrew Warhola (August 6 1928 &ndash February 22 1987 known as Andy Warhol

This watercolor shows Cleveland Tower as seen from just outside Procter Hall at the Old Graduate College in the noon autumn sun. Cleveland Tower, designed by Ralph Adams Cram, is a prominent Landmark of Princeton University. The Graduate College at Princeton University is a Residential college which serves as the center of Graduate student life at Princeton The tower was built in 1913 as a memorial to former United States President Grover Cleveland, who also served as a university trustee. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. One of the largest carillons in the world, the class of 1892 bells, was installed in 1927. A carillon (/kaʁijɔ̃/ /ˈkærɪljɒn/ or /kəˈrɪljən/ is a Musical instrument consisting of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells which are played The Chapel Music program plays the bells Sunday afternoons during each semester, except during exam periods.

University housing is guaranteed to all undergraduates for all four years, and more than 95 percent of students live on campus in dormitories. Freshmen and sophomores live in residential colleges. Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. Juniors and seniors have the option to live off-campus, but high rent in the Princeton area encourages almost all students to live in dorms. Undergraduate social life revolves around the residential colleges and a number of coeducational "eating clubs", which students may choose to join at the end of their sophomore year. The eating clubs at Princeton University are private institutions resembling both Dining halls and social houses, where the majority of Princeton upperclassmen Eating clubs serve as dining halls and communal spaces for their members and also host a number of social events throughout the academic year.

Princeton has six undergraduate residential colleges, each housing approximately 500 freshmen, sophomores, and a handful of junior and senior resident advisers. A residential college is an organisational pattern for a division of a University that places academic activity in a Community setting of students and faculty usually A resident assistant, commonly shortened to " RA " is a trained student leader within a College or University, who is given the responsibility Each college consists of a set of dormitories, a dining hall, a variety of other amenities — such as study spaces, libraries, performance spaces, and darkrooms — and a collection of administrators and associated faculty. Two colleges, Wilson College and Forbes College (formerly Princeton Inn College), date to the 1970s; three others, Rockefeller, Mathey, and Butler Colleges, were created in 1983 following the Committee on Undergraduate Residential Life (CURL) report suggesting colleges as a solution to a perception of fragmented campus social life. Woodrow Wilson College, the first of Princeton University 's six residential colleges was developed in the late 1950s when a group of students formed the Woodrow Wilson The Malcolm S Forbes Jr '70 College is one of the six Residential colleges that house all freshmen and sophomores at Princeton University. The construction of Whitman College, the university's sixth, was completed in 2007.

Rockefeller College and Mathey College are located in the northwest corner of the campus; their Collegiate Gothic architecture often graces University brochures. John D Rockefeller 3rd College, or "Rocky" is one of six residential colleges at Princeton University. Mathey College is one of six residential colleges at Princeton University. Like most of Princeton's Gothic buildings, they predate the residential college system and were fashioned into colleges from individual dormitories.

Wilson College and Butler College, located south of the center of the campus, were built in the 1960s, with Wilson serving as an early experiment in Residential Colleges. For the Durham University college see Josephine Butler College; for the private liberal arts school in Indianapolis see Butler University Butler, like Rockefeller and Mathey, was a collection of ordinary dorms (called the "New New Quad") before the addition of a dining hall made it a residential college. Widely disliked for its edgy modernist design, the dormitories on the Butler Quad were demolished in 2007, and the college is being partially housed in converted upperclass dormitories until its reconstruction is completed. The new Butler buildings will be designed in the modern style again for fear of a sharp clashing with the modern math and science buildings in proximity to the new Quad.

Forbes College, located slightly beyond the southwest corner of the campus, is a former hotel, purchased by the university and expanded to form a residential college. The "Princeton Inn College" was one of the first residential colleges in the 1970s along with Wilson College. Butler and most of Forbes are in a different municipality, Princeton Township, from the rest of the main campus, which is in Princeton Borough. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or See also Princeton Township New Jersey and Princeton New Jersey The Borough of Princeton is a borough and is one of the

In 2003, Princeton broke ground for a sixth college, named Whitman College after its principal sponsor, Meg Whitman, the former CEO of eBay and a member of the Princeton Class of 1977. Whitman College is one of the six Residential colleges at Princeton University. Margaret Cushing "Meg" Whitman (born August 4, 1956) was President and Chief Executive Officer of EBay from March 1998 to March 2008 when A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator eBay Inc is an American Internet company that manages eBaycom an Online auction and shopping Website in which people and businesses buy and The new dormitories were constructed in the neo-Gothic architectural style and were designed by renowned architect Demetri Porphyrios. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began Construction finished in 2007, and Whitman College was inaugurated as Princeton's sixth residential college that year.

A variant on the present college system was originally proposed by University President Woodrow Wilson in the early twentieth century. Wilson's model was much closer to Yale's present system, which features four-year colleges. Lacking the support of the Trustees, the plan languished until 1968, when Wilson College was established, capping a series of alternatives to the eating clubs. The Trustees of Princeton University is a 40 member board responsible for managing Princeton University 's endowment real estate instructional programs and admission A series of often fierce debates raged before the present underclass-college system emerged. The plan was first attempted at Yale, but the administration was initially uninterested; an exasperated alum, Edward Harkness, finally paid to have the college system implemented at Harvard in the 1920s, leading to the oft-quoted aphorism that the college system is a Princeton idea done at Harvard with Yale's money. Edward Stephen Harkness ( January 22, 1874 – January 29, 1940) was an American Philanthropist.

Princeton has one graduate residential college, known simply as the Graduate College, located beyond Forbes College at the outskirts of campus. The far-flung location of the G. C. was the spoil of a squabble between Woodrow Wilson and then-Graduate School Dean Andrew Fleming West, which the latter won. ^[17] (Wilson preferred a central location for the College; West wanted the graduate students as far as possible from the campus. ) The G. C. is composed of a large Collegiate Gothic section crowned by Cleveland Tower, a local landmark that also houses a world-class carillon. Cleveland Tower, designed by Ralph Adams Cram, is a prominent Landmark of Princeton University. The attached New Graduate College houses more students. Its design departs from collegiate gothic, and is reminiscent of Butler College, the newest of the five pre-Whitman undergraduate colleges.

Academics

The courtyard of East Pyne

Princeton offers two main undergraduate degrees: the Bachelor of Arts (A. In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. B. ) and the Bachelor of Science in engineering (B. A Bachelor of Science ( BS, BSc or BSc in the UK; less commonly S S. E. ). Courses in the humanities are traditionally either seminars or semi-weekly lectures with an additional discussion seminar, called a "precept" (short for "preceptorial"). To graduate, all A. B. candidates must complete a senior thesis and one or two extensive pieces of independent research, known as "junior papers" or "J. P. s. " Juniors in some departments, including architecture and the creative arts, complete independent projects that differ from written research papers. A. B. candidates must also fulfill a two-semester foreign language requirement and distribution requirements with a total of 31 classes. B. S. E. candidates follow a parallel track with an emphasis on a rigorous science and math curriculum, a computer science requirement, and at least two semesters of independent research including an optional senior thesis. All B. S. E. students must complete at least 36 classes. A. B. candidates typically have more freedom in course selection than B. S. E. candidates because of the fewer number of required classes, though both enjoy a comparatively high degree of latitude in creating a self-structured curriculum.

Undergraduates at Princeton University agree to conform to an academic honesty policy called the Honor Code. Students write and sign the honor pledge, "I pledge my honor that I have not violated the Honor Code during this examination," on every in-class exam they take at Princeton. (The form of the pledge was changed slightly in 1980; it formerly read, "I pledge my honor that during this examination, I have neither given nor received assistance. ") The Code carries a second obligation: upon matriculation, every student pledges to report any suspected cheating to the student-run Honor Committee. Because of this code, students take all tests unsupervised by faculty members. Violations of the Honor Code incur the strongest of disciplinary actions, including suspension and expulsion. Out-of-class exercises are outside the Honor Committee's jurisdiction. In these cases, students are often expected to sign a pledge on their papers that they have not plagiarized their work ("This paper represents my own work in accordance with University regulations. Plagiarism is the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work "), and allegations of academic violations are heard by the University Committee on Discipline.

Princeton offers postgraduate research degrees in mathematics, physics, astronomy and plasma physics, economics, geosciences, history, political science, philosophy, and English. Although Princeton offers professional graduate degrees in engineering, architecture, and finance, it has no medical school, law school, or business school like other research universities. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated Medical education A medical school or faculty of medicine is a Tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches Medicine A law school (also known as a school of law or college of law) is an institution specializing in Legal education. A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in Business Administration ^[18] Its most famous professional school is the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, founded in 1930 as the School of Public and International Affairs and renamed in 1948. The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs (often truncated to Woodrow Wilson School or abbreviated WWS; known as "Woody Woo" in

The university's library system houses over eleven million holdings^[19] including six million bound volumes;^[20] The main university library, Firestone Library, housing almost four million volumes, is one of the largest university libraries in the world (and among the largest "open stack" libraries in existence). Princeton University Library is the library of Princeton University. Its collections include the Blickling homilies. The Blickling Homilies are the second largest collection of anonymous Homilies written in Old English. In addition to Firestone, many individual disciplines have their own libraries, including architecture, art history, East Asian studies, engineering, geology, international affairs and public policy, and Near Eastern studies. Seniors in some departments can register for enclosed carrels in the main library for workspace and the private storage of books and research materials. In February 2007, Princeton became the 12th major library system to join Google's ambitious project to scan the world's great literary works and make them searchable over the Web. ^[21]

Princeton is one of the most selective colleges in the United States, admitting only 9. 25% of undergraduate applicants in 2008. ^[22] In September 2006, Princeton University announced that all applicants for the Class of 2012 would be considered in a single pool, effectively ending the Early Decision program. Early decision is a common Early admission policy used in College admissions in the United States for admitting freshmen to Undergraduate ^[23] In 2001, Princeton was the first university to eliminate loans for all students who qualify for aid, expanding on earlier reforms. A loan is a type of Debt. This article focuses exclusively on monetary loans although in practice any material object might be lent Aid (from the french word aide, also known as international aid, overseas aid, or foreign aid, especially in the United States) is U.S. News & World Report and Princeton Review both cite Princeton as having the fewest number of students graduating with debt even though 60% of incoming students are on some type of financial aid. USNews & World Report is an influential weekly American Newsmagazine published in Washington D The Princeton Review (TPR is an American educational preparation company Student financial aid refers to funding intended to help students pay education expenses including Tuition and fees Room and board, books and supplies etc ^[24] The Office of Financial Aid estimates that Princeton seniors on aid will graduate with average indebtedness of $2,360, compared to the national average of about $20,000. Student financial aid refers to funding intended to help students pay education expenses including Tuition and fees Room and board, books and supplies etc

Rankings

From 2001 to 2008, Princeton University has been ranked first among national universities by U.S. News and World Report (USNWR). USNews & World Report is an influential weekly American Newsmagazine published in Washington D ^[25] Among other outlets, Princeton ranked eighth among world universities by Shanghai Jiao Tong University,^[26] sixth among world universities and third in North America by THES - QS World University Rankings. Shanghai Jiao Tong University ( abbreviated Jiao Da (交大 or SJTU) located in Shanghai, is one of the oldest and most influential universities The THES - QS World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings around the world published by The Times Higher Education Supplement (THES ^[27][28]

Clio Hall

Princeton University also participates in the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities (NAICU)'s University and College Accountability Network (U-CAN). Founded in 1976 the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities (NAICU is an organization of private US colleges and universities

Fine Hall, the home of the Department of Mathematics. It is the tallest building on campus, although its height above sea level is not higher than the University Chapel, significantly uphill from Fine.

See also List of Princeton University people#Notable Princeton professors. This is a table of notable people affiliated with Princeton University, including graduates of the undergraduate college and all graduate programs former students and former professors

Princeton University has an IBM BlueGeneL supercomputer, called Orangena, which was 79th fastest in the world in 2005 (LINPACK performance of 4713; compared to 12250 for other U. Blue Gene is a Computer architecture project designed to produce several Supercomputers designed to reach operating speeds in the PFLOPS (petaFLOPS LINPACK is a software library for performing numerical Linear algebra on digital computers S. universities and 280600 for the top-ranked supercomputer, belonging to the U. S. Department of Energy). The United States Department of Energy ( DOE) is a Cabinet -level department of the United States government responsible for energy policy ^[29]

Student life and culture

Princeton hosts two Model United Nations conferences, PMUNC^[30] in the fall for high school students and PICSim^[31] in the spring for college students. Model United Nations (informally abbreviated as Model UN or MUN) is an academic simulation of the United Nations that aims to educate participants It also hosts the Princeton Invitational Speech and Debate tournament each year at the end of November.

Princeton also runs Princeton Model Congress, held once a year in mid-November. The 4-day conference is for high school students from around the country and the fierce competition gives the conference its prestige.

Cuyler, Class of 1903, and Walker Halls are Princeton dormitories in the Collegiate Gothic style.

Each residential college hosts social events and activities, guest speakers (such as Edward Norton, who showed a special sneak-preview of Fight Club on campus), and trips. Fight Club is a 1996 novel by Chuck Palahniuk, chronicling the experiences of an anonymous Protagonist who is struggling with a growing discomfort The residential colleges are best known for their performing arts trips to New York City. Students sign up to take trips to see the ballet, the opera, Broadway shows, sports events, and other activities. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located

The eating clubs are co-ed organizations for upperclassmen located on the east end of campus. Most upperclassmen eat their meals at one of the 10 eating clubs, whose houses also serve as evening and weekend social venues for members and guests.

Although the school's admissions policy is "need-blind" Princeton was ranked near the bottom (based on the proportion of students receiving Pell Grants) in economic diversity among all national universities ranked by U. Need-blind admission is a term in the US denoting a College admission policy in which the admitting institution claims not to consider an applicant's financial situation S. News & World Report. ^[32] While Pell figures are widely used as a gauge of the number of low-income undergraduates on a given campus, the rankings article cautions that "the proportion of students on Pell Grants isn't a perfect measure of an institution's efforts to achieve economic diversity. "

• Arch Sings - Free late-night concerts in one of the larger arches on campus offered by one or several of Princeton's thirteen undergraduate a cappella groups. A cappella (Italian or Latin "From the chapel/choir" Music is Vocal music or Singing without instrumental Accompaniment Most often held in Blair Arch or Class of 1879 Arch.
• Bonfire - ceremonial bonfire on Cannon Green behind Nassau Hall, held only if Princeton beats both Harvard and Yale at football in the same season; the most recent bonfire was lit November 17, 2006, after a 12-year drought. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
• Bicker - Selection process for new-members employed by selective eating clubs
• Cane Spree - an athletic competition between freshmen and sophomores held in the fall
• The Clapper or Clapper Theft - climbing to the top of Nassau Hall and stealing the bell clapper so as to prevent the bell from ringing and, thus, from starting class on the first day of the school year. The eating clubs at Princeton University are private institutions resembling both Dining halls and social houses, where the majority of Princeton upperclassmen For safety reasons, the clapper has now been removed permanently.
• Class Jackets (Beer Jackets) - Each graduating class (and each class at its multiple-of-5 reunion thereafter—5th, 10th, etc. ) designs a Class Jacket featuring their class year. The artwork is almost invariably dominated by the school colors and tiger motifs. The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus
• Communiversity - an annual street fair with performances, arts and crafts, and other activities in an attempt to foster interaction between the university and residents of the Princeton community
• Dean's Date Theater - tradition of gathering late in the afternoon on the final deadline for written work for the semester ("Dean's Date") outside McCosh Hall to watch other students run to hand in their papers. Some students perform cartwheels and other antics (if they are not running too late).
• FitzRandolph Gate - at the end of Princeton's graduation ceremony, the new graduates process out through the main gate of the university as a symbol of their leaving college and entering the real world. According to tradition, anyone who leaves campus through FitzRandolph Gate before his or her own graduation date will not graduate (though entering through the gate is fine).
• Holder Howl - The midnight before Dean's Date (when most final papers and assignments are due) students from Holder Hall and elsewhere come to the Holder courtyard and "howl" to release the frustration of last-minute work on their assignments.
• Houseparties - formal parties thrown simultaneously by all of the eating clubs at the end of the spring term
• Lawnparties - parties with live bands thrown simultaneously by all of the eating clubs at the start of classes and conclusion of the year.
• Locomotive - chant traditionally used by Princetonians to acknowledge a particular year or class. Goes: "Hip. . . hip. . . rah rah rah tiger tiger tiger sis sis sis boom boom boom bah!" followed by three chants of the class which is being acknowledged. Commonly heard at Opening Exercises in the fall, as alumni and current students welcome the freshman class.
• Newman's Day - Students attempt to drink 24 beers in the 24 hours of April 24. Newman Day, or (at Princeton University Newman's Day, allegedly named after Paul Newman, is an annual tradition at Bates College, Princeton University Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to According to the New York Times, "the day got its name from an apocryphal quote attributed to Mr. Newman: '24 beers in a case, 24 hours in a day. Coincidence? I think not. '"^[33] Newman has spoken out against the tradition, however. ^[34]
• Nude Olympics - annual (nude and partially nude) frolic in Holder Courtyard during the first snow of the winter. Started in the early 1970s, the Nude Olympics went co-ed in 1979 and gained much notoriety with the American press. For safety reasons, the administration banned the Olympics in 2000.
• Prospect 11 - referring to the act of drinking a beer at all eleven eating clubs on The Street in one night. Prospect Avenue can refer to a number of streets with the same name With the recent closure of Campus Club, this has become impossible and has been replaced by the Prospect 10; however, the historical Cannon Club is due to reopen in Spring 2008, and the Prospect 11 will return. Campus Club was one of the undergraduate Eating clubs at Princeton University.
• P-rade - traditional parade of alumni and their families, who process by class year, during Reunions
• Reunions - annual gathering of alumni, held the weekend before graduation
• The Phantom of Fine Hall - a former tradition - before 1993, this was the legend of an obscure, shadowy figure that would infest Fine Hall (the Mathematics department's building) and write complex equations on blackboards. Every year on the weekend before Commencement Princeton University holds the most well-attended college reunion in the world Although mentioned in Rebecca Goldstein's 1980s book The Mind-Body Problem about Princeton graduate student life (Penguin, reissued 1993), the legend self-deconstructed in the 1990s when the Phantom turned out to be in reality the inventor, in the 1950s, of the Nash equilibrium result in game theory, John Forbes Nash. Rebecca Goldstein (born 1950 is an American Novelist and professor of Philosophy. In Game theory, the Nash equilibrium (named after John Forbes Nash, who proposed it is a Solution concept of a game involving two or more players in which The former Phantom, by then also haunting the computation center where courtesy of handlers in the math department he was a sacred monster with a guest account, shared the 1994 Nobel Prize and is now a recognized member of the University community. (Unlike the book, the film version of A Beautiful Mind does not attempt to be factual; its screenwriter called it "a stab at the truth… but not by way of the facts. ")

Athletics

The Princeton Review (unaffiliated with the university) declared Princeton the 10th strongest "jock school" in the nation. It has also consistently been ranked at the top of TIME's "Strongest College Sports Teams" lists. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Most recently, Princeton was ranked as a top 10 school for athletics by Sports Illustrated. Sports Illustrated is an American Sports Magazine owned by media conglomerate Time Warner. Princeton is well known for its men and women's crews, winning several NCAA and Eastern Sprints titles in recent years. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations

Princeton won a record 21 conference titles from 2000–2001. By the end of 2004, Princeton had garnered 36 Ivy League conference titles from 2001–2004 sports seasons. In 2005, its women's soccer team made the NCAA Final Four, the first Ivy League team to do so. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The Tigers have taken every field hockey conference title since 1994. Field hockey is a Team sport in which players attempt to score goals by hitting the Ball across the pitch with a stick

Princeton's men's and women's squash teams have become a formidable force during the past decade. The men have won the Ivy League championship from 2006-2008 and have placed second nationally in five of the past seven years. The women's team are reigning national champions.

Princeton's basketball team is perhaps the second-best known team within the Ivy League, nicknamed the "perennial giant killer" which it acquired during Pete Carril's coaching career from 1967–1996. College basketball most often refers to the American Basketball competitive governance structure established by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Peter J "Pete" Carril (born July 10, 1930 in Bethlehem Pennsylvania, United States) is a former professional and collegiate Its most notable upset was the defeat of defending NCAA basketball champion, UCLA, in its opening round and Carril's final collegiate victory in that season's collegiate basketball playoffs. The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United During that 29-year span, Pete Carril won 13 Ivy League championships and received 11 NCAA berths and 2 NIT bids. Princeton won the NIT championship in 1975. A legacy of his coaching career is the deliberate "Princeton offense" employed by a number of other collegiate basketball teams. The Princeton offense is an offensive Basketball strategy which emphasizes constant motion passing back-door cuts and disciplined teamwork

From 1992–2001, a nine year span, Princeton's men's basketball team had entered the NCAA tournament 4 times—from a conference that has never had an at-large entry in the NCAA tournament. An at-large bid is a bid or berth in a sporting tournament granted by invitation not right For the last half-century, Princeton and Penn have traditionally battled for men's basketball dominance in the Ivy League; Princeton had its first losing season in 50 years of Ivy League basketball in 2005. Princeton tied the record for fewest points in a Division I game since the 3-point line started in 1986–87 when they scored 21 points in a loss against Monmouth University on December 14, 2005. Monmouth University is a private university located in West Long Branch New Jersey.

Princeton's men's lacrosse team has enjoyed much success since the early 1990s and is widely recognized as a perennial powerhouse in the Division I ranks. The team has won thirteen Ivy League titles (1992, 1993, 1995–2004, 2006) and six national titles (1992, 1994, 1996–1998, 2001). ^[35]

Princeton's women's track & field team has also enjoyed much success under Head Coach Peter Farrell.

The Princeton women's volleyball team has won 13 Ivy League titles, and its men's volleyball team in 1998 became the first non-scholarship school to make the NCAA Final Four in 25 years.

Princeton also boasts a strong women's soccer program. In 2004 the team went to the Final Four in the NCAA tournament, the only Ivy League team (men's or women's) to do so in a 64-team tournament.

The first football game played between teams representing American colleges was an unfamiliar ancestor of today's college football, as it was played under rugby-style Association rules [1]. The game between teams from Rutgers College (now Rutgers University) and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) took place on November 6, 1869 at College Field (now the site of the College Avenue Gymnasium at Rutgers University) in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Rutgers won by a score of 6 "runs" to Princeton's 4. [2][3][4] The 1869 game between Rutgers and Princeton is important in that it is the first documented game of any sport called "football" (which also encompasses the game of "soccer") between two American colleges. It is also notable in that it came a full-two years before a codified rugby game would be played in England. The Princeton/Rutgers game was undoubtedly different from what we today know as American football. Nonetheless it was the forerunner of what evolved into American Football. Another similar game took place between Rutgers and Columbia University in 1870 and the popularity of intercollegiate competition in football would spread throughout the country.

Old Nassau

This phrase can refer to:

• Princeton's alma mater since 1859, with words by then-freshman Harlan Page Peck and music by Karl A. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Langlotz. Before the Langlotz tune was written, the song was sung to the melody of "Auld Lang Syne", which also fits. "Auld Lang Syne" is a Scottish Poem written by Robert Burns in 1788 and set to the tune of a traditional folk song ( Roud # 6294 The text of "Old Nassau" is available from Wikisource.
• Nassau Hall, to which the song refers, built in 1756 and named after William III of England, of the House of Orange-Nassau. When built, it was the largest college building in North America. It served briefly as the capitol of the United States when the Continental Congress convened there in the summer of 1783.
• By metonymy, Princeton University as a whole. In Rhetoric, metonymy (mɨˈtɒnɨmi is the use of a word for a concept or object associated with the concept/object originally denoted by the word
• A chemical reaction, an example of a "clock reaction", dubbed "Old Nassau" because the solution turns first orange and then black, the Princeton colors. A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called It is also known as the "Halloween reaction". Halloween, or Hallowe’en, is a Holiday celebrated on the night of October 31.
• Alumni of Princeton University
• The president of Princeton University

Notable alumni and faculty

Main article: List of Princeton University people

Princeton University has been home to scholars, scientists, writers, and statesmen, including four United States presidents, two of whom graduated from the university. This is a table of notable people affiliated with Princeton University, including graduates of the undergraduate college and all graduate programs former students and former professors James Madison and Woodrow Wilson graduated from Princeton, Grover Cleveland was not an alumnus but served as a trustee for some time while spending his retirement in the town of Princeton, and John F. Kennedy spent his freshman fall at the university before leaving due to illness and transferring to Harvard. James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. The Trustees of Princeton University is a 40 member board responsible for managing Princeton University 's endowment real estate instructional programs and admission John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of

In fiction

See also: List of Princeton University people#Fictional

• F. Scott Fitzgerald's literary debut, This Side of Paradise, is a loosely autobiographical story of his years at Princeton. This is a table of notable people affiliated with Princeton University, including graduates of the undergraduate college and all graduate programs former students and former professors Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24 1896 – December 21 1940 was an American writer of Novels and Short stories, whose works are evocative of the This Side of Paradise is the debut Novel of F Scott Fitzgerald. A Princeton Alumni Weekly ^[36] on Princeton fiction called it the "Ur novel of Princeton life. Ur ( Sumerian:urim; Akkadian: ?) is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. " ^[37]
• In Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises, the character Robert Cohn attended Princeton. Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21 1899 — July 2 1961 was an American novelist short-story writer, and Journalist. The Sun Also Rises is the first major Novel by Ernest Hemingway.
• Geoffrey Wolff's The Final Club is a coming-of-age book about Nathaniel Auerbach Clay, a fictional member of the Princeton Class of 1960 (Wolff was an actual member of this class). Geoffrey Wolff (born 1937 is an American author and professor emeritus of English at the University of California Irvine, where he directed the university's acclaimed M The Final Club is written as homage to F. Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is a Novel by the American author F Scott Fitzgerald.
• Princeton plays a large part in the second half of Stephen Fry's Making History, in which the protagonist, Michael Young, attends Princeton. Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957 is an English Humorist, Writer, Wit, Actor, Novelist, filmmaker Making History ( 1997) is the third Novel by Stephen Fry. The plot involves the creation of an Alternate history where Hitler
• Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist is partly set at Princeton and the characters Changez and Erica are fictional members of the Princeton Class of 2001 (Hamid was an actual member of the Princeton Class of 1993). Mohsin Hamid (born 1971 is a Pakistani British Author. Biography Hamid spent part of his childhood in the United States where The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a novel by Mohsin Hamid that was published in 2007
• A Beautiful Mind, the Academy Award-winning film about the famous mathematician John Forbes Nash features a major part depicting Nash's initial days at Princeton University. ^[38] Although the film is a fictionalized biography, in real life Nash did receive his doctorate from Princeton and is a Senior Research Mathematician there. (The book of the same title by Sylvia Nasar, on which the movie is very loosely based with a great deal of artistic license, is a non-fictional biography and thus ineligible for a listing in this section. )
• The movie I.Q., starring Meg Ryan and Tim Robbins with Walter Matthau as Albert Einstein takes place in Princeton. IQ is a 1994 Romantic comedy film directed by Fred Schepisi, starring Tim Robbins, Meg Ryan, and Walter Matthau Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra (born November 19, 1961) professionally known as Meg Ryan, is a Golden Globe-nominated American film Timothy Francis Robbins (born October 16, 1958) is an Academy Award -winning American Actor, Screenwriter, director Walter John Matthau ( October 1, 1920 – July 1, 2000) was an American award-winning Actor best known for his role Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical ^[39] A scene where Tim Robbins' character gives a lecture is in Room 302 of the Palmer Physics Laboratory, which is now the Frist Campus Center.
• The book The Rule of Four, as well as a series of mystery books by Ann Waldron, including The Princeton Murders, Death of a Princeton President, Unholy Death in Princeton, A Rare Murder in Princeton, and newest The Princeton Impostor are set on Princeton's campus and the campus of neighboring Princeton Theological Seminary. This article relates to the 2004 novel For the legal term see Rule of four The Rule of Four is a Novel written ^[40]
• In Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle, Princeton is one of their destinations. Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle (released in some countries as Harold & Kumar Get the Munchies) is a 2004 stoner Comedy film ^[41] However, the film was not shot on the undergraduate campus (where the movie implies the protagonists are) but rather in the graduate dormitories.
• In House, M.D., the teaching hospital is Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital. House, also known as House MD, is an American Medical drama, which debuted on the FOX network on November 16 2004 The exterior shots of the fictional hospital are of Frist Campus Center. In reality, Princeton lacks a medical school, and the fictional hospital is directly based on Yale-New Haven Hospital, the only other Ivy League hospital to combine the name of the University with the physical location of the hospital. Lisa Sanders, M. D. , of Internal Medicine at Yale-New Haven, is one of the show's three medical advisors.
• In the film Risky Business, Tom Cruise as Joel Goodson proves himself Princeton material by becoming a pimp, leading to his interviewer's sexual gratification. Risky Business is a 1983 Comedy film written by Paul Brickman in his directorial debut Thomas Cruise Mapother IV ( born July 3 1962 better known by his screen name Tom Cruise, is an American Actor and Film producer A pimp (also called fleshmonger) finds and manages clients for Prostitutes and engages them in Prostitution (in Brothels in most cases and ^[42]
• The movie Spanglish is presented as an essay on a fictional Princeton application. Spanglish is a 2004 American Film written and directed by James L The film was released in 2004. ^[43]
• In the movie A Cinderella Story, a major part of the storyline revolves around Chad Michael Murray's and Hilary Duff's characters both aiming to attend Princeton to study writing. A Cinderella Story is a teen Romantic comedy Movie starring Hilary Duff and Chad Michael Murray.
• In the movie Across the Universe Jude, played by Jim Sturgess, comes to America to find his lost father at Princeton University. Across the Universe is a 2007 Musical film directed by Julie Taymor, produced by Revolution Studios, and distributed by Columbia Pictures James Anthony "Jim" Sturgess (born May 16, 1981) is an English actor who found his break-out role as Jude in 2007's Across the While there he encounters Max, played by Joe Anderson, a student at the school. Joe Anderson (born March 26, 1982) is a British actor known for his performances in Across the Universe, Control

Gallery

See also

• History of Princeton University
• Mid-InfraRed Technologies for Health and the Environment (MIRTHE) (largely based at Princeton University)
• Princeton Glacier
• Princeton University Band
• Princeton University Press
• The Daily Princetonian
• Two Dickinson Street Co-op
• Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

References

External links

• Official website

• Princeton University is at coordinates 40°20′55″N 74°39′34″W / 40.34873, -74.65931 (Princeton University)Coordinates: 40°20′55″N 74°39′34″W / 40.34873, -74.65931 (Princeton University)