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Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria with his wife Stéphanie of Belgium
Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria with his wife Stéphanie of Belgium

Princes Stéphanie of Belgium (French: Stéphanie Clotilde Louise Herminie Marie Charlotte, Dutch: Stefanie Clotilde Louise Hermine Marie Charlotte, (21 May 1864 – 23 August 1945) was the wife of Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Background Crown Prince Rudolf was born on 21 August 1858 in Schloss Laxenburg near Vienna as the son of Emperor Franz Joseph I She was the daughter of King Leopold II of Belgium and his wife, Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria, and was born at the Royal Castle in Laeken. Leopold II (Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor (9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909 was King of the Belgians. Marie Henriette of Austria ( 23 August 1836, Buda or Pest, now Budapest, Hungary - 19 September 1902 The Royal Castle of Laken is the official residence of the King of the Belgians. Laken ( Dutch) or Laeken ( French) is a residential suburb in north-west Brussels ( Postal code: B-1020 Belgium. Her grandfather had been Belgian's first king and her aunt was Empress of Mexico. Leopold I ( Leopold George Christian Frederick (in German Leopold Georg Christian Friedrich) Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later Charlotte of Belgium ( Princess Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine of Belgium) ( 7 June, 1840 &ndash 19 January

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Crown Princess of Austria

Under pressure from his parents to marry, Rudolf, heir to the imperial throne of Austria-Hungary, arrived in Brussels on 5 March 1880 to spend time with Stéphanie. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is He announced their engagement a mere two days later. However, the wedding had to be postponed because the bride had not yet reached puberty.

On 10 May 1881, when she was almost seventeen, she married Crown Prince Rudolf in the St. Augustine's Church in Vienna. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The St Augustine's Church (Augustinerkirche in German is a parish church located on Josefsplatz next to the Hofburg, the winter palace of the Habsburg dynasty in Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Among the illustrious attendees were the future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and his nephew, the future German Emperor Wilhelm II.

Although her parents-in-law, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Empress Elisabeth, the former Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria, did not consider her particularly bright, others considered Stéphanie sensible, very observant, patient and distinguished. Franz Joseph I Karl (- German, in English Francis Joseph I Charles, see the name in other languages) (18 August 1830 &ndash 21 November Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie ( 24 December, 1837 &ndash 10 September, 1898) of the House of Wittelsbach, was the Empress Stéphanie enjoyed performing her imperial duties and attending the many ceremonial and court functions that Elisabeth hated to attend, thus earning her Franz Joseph's approval and appreciation.

After an initially happy marriage, difficulties soon developed between them. Rudolf was highly intelligent, unconventional, impulsive and very liberal, while Stéphanie was conventional, formal and reactionary. Their only child, Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria, was born at Laxenburg Castle on 2 September 1883. Elisabeth Maria Henriette Stephanie Gisela Archduchess of Austria, ( 2 September 1883 &ndash 16 March 1963) was the only child of Crown Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common She was known within the family as Erzsi.

She received little support from the Imperial family during her marriage. Empress Elisabeth avoided Stéphanie, referring to her as 'das hässliche Trampeltier' (the ugly clumsy oaf), 'a moral heavyweight' and an 'ugly elephant'. When Rudolf infected her with a venereal disease, which made further pregnancies impossible, they even talked about divorce. A sexually transmitted disease ( STD) or venereal disease ( VD) is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between Humans

During a visit to Galicia (presently, a region divided between Poland and Ukraine) in 1887, Stéphanie fell in love with a Polish Count. The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria official (Königreich Galizien und Lodomerien mit dem Großherzogtum Krakau und den Herzogtümern Auschwitz und Zator official During the next eighteen months, she did not try to hide her affections for the count from her husband who continued his own liaisons.

Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa named asteroid 220 Stephania after Stéphanie in 1881. Johann Palisa ( December 6 1848 – May 2 1925) was an Austrian Astronomer, born in Troppau in Austrian Asteroids, sometimes called Minor planets or planetoids', are bodies—primarily of the inner Solar System —that are smaller than planets but TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 220 Stephania is a Main belt Asteroid.

Death of Rudolf

In 1889 Rudolf was found dead at Mayerling, with his mistress, the seventeen-year-old Baroness Mary Vetsera, apparently the result of a suicide pact. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Mayerling Incident refers to the series of events leading to the apparent murder-suicide of Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria and his lover Baroness Mary Vetsera. Baroness Mary Vetsera ( German language: Marie "Mary" Alexandrine Freiin von Vetsera) ( 19 March 1871 – 30 January A suicide pact describes the Suicides of two or more individuals in an agreed-upon plan Her husband's death destroyed Stéphanie's hopes for a happier future, as the scandal resulting from his death and her widowhood isolated her even further from the court in Vienna. She also had a bad relationship with her own father, Leopold II of Belgium, and had to fight him in court for her inheritance.

To distract herself she undertook many journeys, using different names, like Countess Lacroma, Eppan or Godrecourt and even Lady Bonchurch. A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin

Elemer Lonyay, Stephanie's second husband
Elemer Lonyay, Stephanie's second husband

On 22 March 1900 at Miramare, Italy (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to the disgust of her father, Stéphanie married Count Elemér Lónyai (August 24, 1863 – 1946), a Hungarian count of low rank who, in 1917, was elevated by the Emperor of Austria to the rank of Fürst (prince). Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Miramare Castle ( Italian: Castello di Miramare; German: Schloß Miramar) is a 19th century Castle, built for Austrian Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of (plural Fürsten) is a German title of nobility, usually translated into English as Prince.

Stéphanie settled with her new husband in his castle, Oroszvar - Rusovce, in western Hungary todays Slovakia, until the advancing Red Army forced them to flee their estate. They found sanctuary in the Benedictine abbey of Pannonhalma, near Györszentmarton, Hungary. Pannonhalma is a small town in western Hungary, in Győr-Moson-Sopron county with approx

In 1935 she wanted to publish her memoirs to set the record straight, but this caused a scandal and a court forbade their distribution. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. These memoirs were eventually published outside of Austria under the title Ich Sollte Kaiserin Werden (I Was To Be Empress).

Stephanie and Rudolf's daughter Erzsi
Stephanie and Rudolf's daughter Erzsi

Stéphanie died at Pannonhalma on 23 August 1945. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Her only child, Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria, had four children:

Titles and styles

Here are the primary titles and styles that Stéphanie enjoyed from birth to death in chronological order:

Additionally, Stéphanie was born with the titles of Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess of Saxony. During her marriage to Rudolf, she was also the Crown Princess of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia. After his death she retained the title of Archduchess of Austria until her marriage to Count Lonyai.

Portrayal on stage

Kenneth MacMillan ( December 11, 1929 - October 29, 1992) was a Scottish Ballet dancer and Choreographer Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Mayerling is a ballet created in 1978 by Kenneth MacMillan for the Royal Ballet, London.
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