Ancient Rome
This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Ancient Rome
Periods
Roman Kingdom 753 BC – 509 BC Roman Republic 509 BC – 27 BC Roman Empire 27 BC – AD 476 Principate Western Empire Dominate Eastern Empire
Roman Constitution
Constitution of the Kingdom Constitution of the Republic Constitution of the Empire Constitution of the Late Empire History of the Constitution Senate Legislative Assemblies Executive Magistrates
Ordinary Magistrates
Consul Praetor Quaestor Promagistrate Aedile Tribune Censor Governor
Extraordinary Magistrates
Dictator Magister Equitum Consular tribune Rex Triumviri Decemviri
Titles and Honours
Emperor Legatus Dux Officium Praefectus Vicarius Vigintisexviri Lictor Magister Militum Imperator Princeps senatus Pontifex Maximus Augustus Caesar Tetrarch
Precedent and Law
Roman Law Imperium Mos maiorum Collegiality Roman citizenship Auctoritas Cursus honorum
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The princeps senatus (plural principes senatus) was the first member by precedence of the Roman Senate. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Roman Kingdom ( Latin: Regnum Romanum) was the monarchical Government of the city of Rome Events and trends 756 BC — Founding of Cyzicus. 755 BC — Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the Year 27 BC was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Year 27 BC was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Events By place Western Roman Empire September 4 — Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire The Principate is the first period of the Roman Empire, extending from the beginning of the reign of Caesar Augustus to the Crisis of the Third Century, The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern The Dominate was the ' despotic ' latter phase of government in the ancient Roman Empire between its establishment in 27 BC and the formal date of the collapse The Roman Constitution or Mos maiorum (Latin for "custom of the ancestors" was an unwritten set of guidelines and principles passed down mainly The Constitution of the Roman Kingdom or Mos maiorum (Latin for "customs of the ancestors" was an unwritten set of guidelines and principles The Constitution of the Roman Republic or Mos maiorum (Latin for "customs of the ancestors" was an unwritten set of guidelines and principles The Constitution of the Roman Empire or Mos maiorum (Latin for "customs of the ancestors" was an unwritten set of guidelines and principles passed The Constitution of the Late Roman Empire or Mos maiorum (Latin for "customs of the ancestors" was an unwritten set of guidelines and principles The History of the Roman Constitution is a study of Ancient Rome that traces the progression of Roman political development from the founding of the city of Rome The Roman Senate was a political institution in Ancient Rome. The Roman Assemblies were institutions in Ancient Rome. They functioned as the machinery of the Roman legislative branch and thus (theoretically at least passed all legislation The Roman Magistrates were elected officials in Ancient Rome. Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected Political office of the Roman Republic and the Empire. Praetor was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities the commander of an Army, either before Quaestors were originally appointed by the Consuls to investigate criminal acts and determine if the consul needed to take public action A promagistrate is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office Aedile ( Aedilis, from aedes aedis "temple" "building" was an office of the Roman Republic. Tribune (from the Latin: tribunus; Byzantine Greek form τριβούνος) was a title shared by 2–3 elected magistracies in the A Censor was a magistrate of high rank in the ancient Roman Republic. A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many provinces constituting the Dictator was a Political office of the Roman Republic. The dictator was above the three branches of government in the Constitution of the Roman Republic The Master of the Horse was (and in some cases is a historical position of varying importance in several European nations The Tribuni militum consulari potestate, or Consular Tribunes were Tribunes elected with Consular power during the Conflict of the Orders The King of Rome ( Latin: rex regis) was the Chief magistrate of the Roman Kingdom. The term triumvirate (from Latin, "of three men" is commonly used to describe a political regime dominated by three powerful individuals Decemviri (singular decemvir) is a Latin term meaning "Ten Men" which designates any such commission in the Roman Republic (cf The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC A legatus (often anglicized as legate) was a general in the Roman army, equivalent to a modern general officer Dux (plural duces) is Latin for leader (from the verb ducere, 'to lead' and could refer to anyone who commanded troops such Officium (plural officia) is a Latin word with various meanings in Ancient Rome, including "service" "(sense of duty" "courtesy" Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: "make in front" i Vicarius is a Latin word meaning substitute or deputy. It is the root and origin of the English word " Vicar " and Cognate to the Persian The Vigintisexviri (sing vigintisexvir) was a college ( collegium) of minor magistrates ( magistratus minores) in the Roman Republic The lictor, derived from the Latin ligare (to bind was a member of a special class of Roman civil servant with special tasks of attending and guarding Magister militum ( Latin for "Master of the Soldiers" was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of The Latin word Imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. The Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the Ancient Roman College of Pontiffs. Augustus (plural augusti) Latin for "majestic" "the increaser" or "venerable" was an Ancient Roman Caesar (plural Caesars Latin: Caesar (plural Caesares is a Title of imperial character Tetrarchy ( Greek: "leadership of four " can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals Roman law is the legal system of Ancient Rome. As used in the West the term commonly refers to legal developments prior to the Roman/Byzantine state's adopting Imperium in a broad sense translates as power. In Ancient Rome the concept applied to People, and meant something like "power The mos maiorum (lit ways of the ancestors) were the ancestral Traditions an unwritten code of Laws and conduct of the Collegiality is the relationship between colleagues Definition of collegiality Colleagues are those explicitly united in a common Purpose and respecting Citizenship in the time of Ancient Rome was a privileged status afforded to certain individuals with respect to laws property and governance Auctoritas is a Latin word and is the origin of English " Authority " The cursus honorum ( Latin: "course of honors" or "honors race" was the sequential order of Public offices held by aspiring Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent The Roman Senate was a political institution in Ancient Rome. Although officially out of the cursus honorum and owning no imperium, this office brought enormous prestige to the senator holding it. The cursus honorum ( Latin: "course of honors" or "honors race" was the sequential order of Public offices held by aspiring Imperium in a broad sense translates as power. In Ancient Rome the concept applied to People, and meant something like "power

Contents 1 Overview 1.1 List of principes senatus 2 Notes 3 External links

Overview

The princeps senatus was not a lifetime appointment. He was chosen by every new pair of censors (that is, every 5 years). A Censor was a magistrate of high rank in the ancient Roman Republic. Censors could, however, confirm a princeps senatus for a period of another 5 years. He was selected from patrician senators with consular rank, usually former censors. The term " patrician " originally referred to a group of elite families in Ancient Rome, including both their natural and Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire The successful candidate had to be a patrician with an impeccable political record, respected by his fellow senators.

Originally, the position of the princeps was one of honor: he had the privilege of speaking first on the topic presented by the presiding magistrate. The Roman Magistrates were elected officials in Ancient Rome. This gave the position great dignitas as it allowed the princeps to set the tone of the debate in the Senate. In the late Republic and in the Principate, the office gained the prerogatives of the presiding magistrates and additional powers, namely:

• Summoning and adjourning the Senate
• Deciding its agenda
• Deciding where the session should take place
• Imposing order and other rules of the session
• Meeting, in the name of the Senate, with embassies of foreign countries
• Writing, in the name of the Senate, letters and dispatches

After the fall of the Roman Republic, the princeps senatus was the Roman Emperor (see also: princeps). The Principate is the first period of the Roman Empire, extending from the beginning of the reign of Caesar Augustus to the Crisis of the Third Century, The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC The Latin word Princeps (plural principes) means exactly 'a prime' However, during the Crisis of the Third Century, some others held the office; the future emperor Valerian held the office in 238, during the reigns of Maximinus Thrax and Gordian I. Crisis of the Third Century (or "Military Anarchy" or "Imperial Crisis" was the crumbling and near collapse of the Roman Empire between 235 For other uses see Valerian. Publius Licinius Valerianus (c 200 - after 260 commonly known in English as Valerian Events By Place Roman Empire Carpians invade Moesia; Emperor Maximinus Thrax campaigns against them Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus (c 173&ndash238 also known as Maximinus Thrax (i Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (c 159 – April 12 238) known in English as Gordian I, was Roman Emperor

List of principes senatus

• ca. 275 or ca. 272 Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus
• ca. Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus (or Rullus) son of Marcus, of the Patrician Fabii of Ancient Rome, was five times Consul 269 or ca. 265 Gaius Marcius Rutilus Censorinus
• ca. 258 Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges, son of Rullianus^[1]
• ca. Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges was the son of Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus and a Consul in 292 and 276 BC 247 or ca. 241 Gnaeus Cornelius Blasio, twice elected consul (??)
• ca. 236 or ca. 231 Gaius Duilius (?)^[2]
• ca. Gaius Duilius (lived 3rd century BC) was a Roman politician and admiral involved in the First Punic War. 225 BC Marcus Valerius Maximus Messala (?)^[3]
• ca. Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla, was Roman Consul in 263 BC. 220 BC Aulus Manlius Torquatus Atticus (??), consul in 244 BC and again in 241 BC. Events By place Greece Agis IV succeeds his father Eudamidas II as King of Sparta. Events By place Greece The Eurypontid King of Sparta, Agis IV, is called away from Sparta when Aratus of Sicyon ^[4]
• By 216 BC Marcus Fabius Buteo. Events By place Roman Republic The Carthaginian general Hannibal, moves his forces southward through Italy and seizes the large Marcus Fabius Buteo (died around 210 BC - 209 BC) was a Roman politician during the 3rd century BC. Consul 245 BC, censor 241 BC, and Dictator 216 BC (to choose new senators only). Events By place Egypt Babylon and Susa fall to the Egyptian armies of Ptolemy III. Events By place Greece The Eurypontid King of Sparta, Agis IV, is called away from Sparta when Aratus of Sicyon Dictator was a Political office of the Roman Republic. The dictator was above the three branches of government in the Constitution of the Roman Republic Events By place Roman Republic The Carthaginian general Hannibal, moves his forces southward through Italy and seizes the large
• 209 BC – Quintus Fabius Maximus, grandson of Gurges (above) and great-grandson of Rullianus (above)^[5]
• 203 BC-199 BC Unknown
• 199 BC – Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (d. Events By place Roman Republic The Romans under Fabius Maximus Cunctator capture Tarentum (modern Taranto Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (ca 280 BC-203 BC called Cunctator ( the Delayer) was a Roman politician and General born in Rome around 280 BC and Events By place Carthage The Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio, while undertaking peace negotiations with the Carthaginians Events By place Roman Republic The Roman general Gnaeus Baebius Tamphilus attacks the Insubres in Gaul, but loses Events By place Roman Republic The Roman general Gnaeus Baebius Tamphilus attacks the Insubres in Gaul, but loses Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major ( Latin: P·CORNELIVS·P·F·L·N·SCIPIO·AFRICANVS ¹) (236&ndash183 183 BC)^[6]. Events By place Roman Republic Roman colonies are established at Mutina (later Modena) Pisa and Parma Consul 205 BC and censor 199 BC. Events By place Seleucid Empire Returning via the Persian provinces of Arachosia, Drangiana, and Carmania Events By place Roman Republic The Roman general Gnaeus Baebius Tamphilus attacks the Insubres in Gaul, but loses ^[7]
• 184 BC – Lucius Valerius Flaccus^[8]
• 179 BC – Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (d. Events By place Roman Republic Cato the Elder, along with his colleague Lucius Valerius Flaccus, are elected censors This article deals with the Roman consul who was co-consul and co-censor with Cato the Elder. Events By place Roman Republic Tiberius Gracchus Major goes to Hispania as Roman governor to deal with uprisings there Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (d 152 BC was a Roman Consul, Pontifex Maximus and censor. 152 BC), also was Pontifex Maximus concurrently. The Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the Ancient Roman College of Pontiffs. ^[9]
• 152 BC-149 BC Position vacant
• 149 BC or 147 BC – Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum (d. Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum (d 141 BC was a Roman statesman and member of the Gens Cornelia. 141 BC), son-in-law of Scipio Africanus (above). ^[10]
• ca. 141 BC - 136 BC Unknown
• 136 BC – Appius Claudius Pulcher (d. Appius Claudius Pulcher was the name of several members of the Claudii during the Roman Republic: Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul of 131 BC) ^[11]
• 131 BC – Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Lupus
• 125 BC – Publius Cornelius Lentulus
• 115 BC – Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (d. Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (born ca 163 BC &ndash died 89 BC was a Roman politician ca. 89 BC)^[12]
• 86 BC - Lucius Valerius Flaccus, a descendant of the older Flaccus. Year 89 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo and Year 86 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome First Mithridatic War This article deals with the Roman consul who was co-consul and co-censor with Cato the Elder.
• ca. 70 BC - Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus (fl. Year 70 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome August — In Rome, Cicero prosecutes Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus, Consul 77 BC and possibly Princeps Senatus was a well connected and influential figure in Late Republican politics 78 BC), a patrician by adoption; son-in-law of Sulla and father-in-law of Metellus Scipio. Year 78 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome In Rome, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix ( Latin: L•CORNELIVS•L•F•P•N•SVLLA•FELIX (c The Caecilii Metelli were one of the most important and wealthiest families in the Roman Republic. ^[13]
• ca. 60 BC-28 BC Unknown
• 28 BC – Augustus, title cohered with that of Roman emperor until beginning of the Dominate

Notes

External links

• The Roman Law Library By Professor Yves Lassard and Alexandr Koptev

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