Prince, from the Latin root princeps, is a title of some members of Royal families and the highest ranks of the aristocracy or the nobility, and was used as a term for monarchs in general. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Latin word Princeps (plural principes) means exactly 'a prime' Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime

The title is given only to males and has several fundamentally different meanings, of which one is generic to the word, and several types of titles. The female equivalent is a princess. Princess is the feminine form of Prince (from Latin Princeps, meaning principal citizen

Contents 1 Historical background 2 Prince as a generic word for ruler 3 Prince as a courtesy title 3.1 Prince of the blood 3.2 Specific titles 4 Prince as a substantive title 4.1 Prince as a reigning monarch 4.1.1 Nominal principalities 4.1.2 Micronations 4.1.3 Generic use 4.1.4 Princes as representants of a reigning monarch 4.2 Titular princes 4.2.1 Titular Princes from within the royal family 4.2.2 Titular Princes from outside the royal family 5 The title of prince in various Western traditions and languages 5.1 Romance languages 5.2 Celtic languages 5.3 Germanic languages 5.4 Slavic and Baltic languages 5.5 Other languages 6 The title of prince in other traditions and languages 6.1 Islamic traditions 6.2 Far Eastern traditions 6.3 African traditions 7 The title of prince in religion 8 See also 9 References 10 External links

Historical background

The Latin word prīnceps (older Latin *prīsmo-kaps, literally "first taker"), was established as the title of the more-or-less informal leader of the Roman senate some centuries before Christ, the princeps senatus. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Roman Senate was a political institution in Ancient Rome. The princeps senatus (plural principes senatus) was the first member by precedence of the Roman Senate.

Emperor Augustus established the formal position of monarch on the basis of principate, not dominion. The Principate is the first period of the Roman Empire, extending from the beginning of the reign of Caesar Augustus to the Crisis of the Third Century, The Dominate was the ' despotic ' latter phase of government in the ancient Roman Empire between its establishment in 27 BC and the formal date of the collapse He also tasked his grandsons as summer rulers of the city when most of the government were on holiday in the country or attending religious rituals, and, for that task, granted them the title of princeps.

The title has, next to its generic use, two basic meanings:

• as a substantive title, that are titles of princes who are reigning monarchs and in some cases heads of their noble house. A substantive title (or substantive peerage) is a Title of Nobility or royalty held by someone (normally by one person alone which they gained Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime
• as a courtesy title, which is a title of princes who are members of a royal or a highly noble family, sharing their title with several relatives in similar position. A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of Nobility used by children former wives and other close relatives of a peer.

In many other languages besides English, there are at least two separate words for these two distinct notions. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Prince as a generic word for ruler

The original, but now less common use of the word, is as a generic term originating in the application of the Latin word princeps, from Roman, more precisely Byzantine law and the classical system of government that was the European feudal society. The Latin word Princeps (plural principes) means exactly 'a prime' Roman law is the legal system of Ancient Rome. As used in the West the term commonly refers to legal developments prior to the Roman/Byzantine state's adopting Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed In this sense, a prince is a ruler of a territory which is sovereign, or which was effectively so as part of the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in In Medieval and Early Modern Europe, there were as many as two hundred such territories, especially in Italy and Germany. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. In this sense, "prince" can be used as a generalizing term for all sovereign rulers, regardless of title or protocolary rank, as it is in the early Renaissance book by Niccolò Machiavelli Il Principe. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Il Principe ( The Prince) is a political Treatise by the Florentine public servant and political theorist ^[1]

All findings of the title "prince" used for a lord of a territory before the 13th century are either translations of native titles to Latin or the term used in a more general sense than as the formal only title of the potentate in question.

Most of the medieval feudal magnates that now or then are accorded the prince title, have actually formally then been Lord of an estate that is defined as a principality. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince Almost all lands described as medieval principalities, in feudal societies, have been so-called allodial properties, i. Allodial title is a concept in some systems of property law It describes a situation where Real property ( Land, Buildings and Fixtures) is owned e. , not under feudal obligations but inalienably the landowner's inheritable real-estate.

This explanation for origins of French principalities has been supplied by heraldic and genealogical research [1]. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. Genealogy (from Greek: el γενεά el-Latn genea, "descent" and el λόγος el-Latn logos, "knowledge" is the study of An example of this has been the title of Prince of Dombes. The Dombes ( Arpitan: Domba) is an historic region of east-south-eastern France, once an independent municipality formerly part of the Such principalities tended to be small. Presumably, Monaco is an example of such a principality that has survived to today, by existing as a sovereign state. For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque

The use of the term "prince" was then more like a common title given to different kinds of official titles for different kinds of feudal territories. All local rulers of feudal societies, from the level of count upwards, were regarded as princes in this sense. A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin This is attested by even today, surviving styles for e. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the g. , counts, margraves and dukes that are high and noble princes (cf. Margrave (marchio is the English and French form (recorded since 1551 of the German Title Markgraf (from Mark " A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom Royal and noble styles). Styles represent the fashion by which monarchs and noblemen are properly addressed

From 16th century onwards, European monarchs quite widely granted such abstract titles that were not linked to the power of government of an actual county or territory. This led to official recognition that ancient dynasties of the Holy Roman Empire were much more true rulers, reigning lords, than the new class of persons being holder of equivalent title of honour. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in An honorary title or title of honor is a title bestowed upon individuals or organizations as an Award in recognition of their merits

After the general term "prince" was recognized, the practice of adding a prefix title began. A prefix is a type of Affix attached to a stem which modifies the meaning of that stem This tradition stems from the creation of nobilary titles in the Holy Roman Empire, where noble families began using prefix titles as a means to distinguish their older, territory-linked titles from merely honorary ones. For example, the German title of gefürsteter Graf (princely count) is known to have existed in the 18th century and possibly may have existed even earlier. It is important to keep in mind, however, that these prefix titles were not new grants, but rather an explication of existing positions and status by the use of new terminology. Princely counts (including the various gefürstete margraves, landgraves, counts palatine, etc. ) soon started to use the title Fürst (prince) more than they used the less impressive-sounding "count". (plural Fürsten) is a German title of nobility, usually translated into English as Prince. Consequently, with the advent of the title "Fürst", a new class of nobility was created whose status clearly ranked above that of those newly created counts and marquesses, but ranked just under the title of duke. The rank of "duke" was not similarly augmented; it had not suffered any lessening of prestige, as the title was not given in bulk. In the 19th century, however, dukes holding, or in direct line of succession to autocratic power, tended to assume the title archduke or grand duke to further distinguish themselves from mere dukes. The title of Archduke (feminine Archduchess) ( German: Erzherzog, feminine -also spousal- form Erzherzogin) denotes a rank above Duke The Title grand duke (in Latin, magnus dux; in Spanish, gran duque; in Russian, Великий Герцог

The following parts of this article are only concerned with the usages as a formal nobiliary (or analogous) title. A title is a prefix or suffix added to a person's name to signify either veneration an official position or a professional or academic qualification

Prince as a courtesy title

Prince of the blood

Main article: Prince du Sang

The courtesy title of prince was often given to a prince of the blood. That is a general term for a male member of a ruling house of a monarchy. Further distinctions within this category can exist from country to country and from time period to time period, e. g. First Prince of the Blood in France.

In some monarchies, e. g. the kingdom of France, this appellation is a specific title in its own right, of more restricted use. There the notion of prince du sang is restricted to paternal royal descendants. Depending on national tradition, the appellation may have restricted scope or not, often no further than one or two generations after the monarch and / or the line of succession, or it may be allowed to run into very high numbers, as is often the case in oriental dynasties.

Generally, when such a prince succeeds to the throne as ruling or least titular monarch, he stops being styled a titular prince. This goes for Kings, Emperors, Grand Dukes or one of many other ruler-styles, usually of higher rank, except in the case of a ruler styled prince of a particular principality (see below). An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of The Title grand duke (in Latin, magnus dux; in Spanish, gran duque; in Russian, Великий Герцог The same principle applies, mutatis mutandis when a courtesy princess becomes a queen regnant. Mutatis mutandis, Latin literal meaning "with those things having been changed which need to be changed" or more simply "the necessary changes having List of current queens regnant A queen regnant (plural "queens regnant" is qualifying reference to a female Monarch possessing and exercising all of the monarchal

The female equivalent of a courtesy title of prince is princess. But then this title is also generally used for the spouse of any prince, of the blood, or of a principality, and also the daughter of any monarch. Regardless of birth rank, marriage to a prince(ss) generally means accession to the ruling house, but often the princely style is subject to an explicit conferral by the Monarch or a political authority with in say in the succession, e. g. certain parliaments, which may be delayed, withheld or even reversed. Inversely, the husband of a born princess is in many monarchies not as readily styled prince, although it certainly occasionally happened.

In these systems, a courtesy title of prince can be given to:

• The son of a monarch in the direct line of succession. An order of succession is a formula or algorithm that determines who inherits an office upon the death resignation or removal of its current occupant

• Other members of the royal family, also in the order of succession, although more distant and styled Royal Highness. A royal family is the extended family of a monarch. Generally the head of a royal family is a king or queen regnant

• The husband of a reigning queen is usually titled prince or prince consort. A prince consort, generally speaking is a common term for the husband of a Queen regnant, unless he himself also is a king in his own right However for wives of Monarchs, the title is usually a female variation on his, the same as used in case a female can mount the throne, such as queen or empress.

But in cultures which allow the ruler to have several wives, e. g. four in Islam and / or official concubines, for these women sometimes collectively referred to as harem there are often specific rules determining their hierarchy and a variety of titles, which may distinguish between those whose offspring can be in line for the succeesion or not, or specifically who is mother to the heir to the throne. HAREM is the first evaluation contest of Named entity recognition (NER for Portuguese and its call for participation was announced in September 2004

To complicate matters, the style His Royal Highness, a prefix normally accompanying the title of a dynastic prince, of royal or imperial rank, that is, can be awarded separately (as a compromise or consolation prize, in some sense). A prefix is a type of Affix attached to a stem which modifies the meaning of that stem

Although the definition above is the one that is most commonly understood, there are also different systems. Depending on country, epoch and translation other meanings of prince are possible. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity A calendar era is the year numbering system used by a Calendar. Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation

Over the centuries foreign-language titles such as Italian principe, French prince, German Fürst, Russian kniaz, etc. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Kniaz’ or knyaz is a word found in some Slavic languages, denoting a Nobility rank , are often translated as prince in English. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Many princely styles and titles are used in various monarchies, often changing with a new dynasty, even altered during one's rule, especially in conjunction with the style of the ruler. Indeed, various princely titles are derived from the ruler's, such as (e)mirza(da), khanzada, nawabzada, sahibzada, shahzada, sultanzada (all using the Persian patronymic suffix -zada, or son, descendant, or (maha)rajkumar from (Maha)Raja and Kolano ma-ngofa 'son of the ruler' on Tidore, again patronymic; or even from a unique title, e. The title Mirza ( is used for a member of a Royal family or a member of the highest Aristocracy, as well as children of a Sayyida mother Khanzada or Khan Zadeh ( Urdu: خانزاده) is a title and surname in Pakistan. A Nawab or Nawaab ( Urdu: نواب Hindi: नवाब was originally the Subedar (provincial governor or viceroy of a Sahib ( Urdu: صاحب) (traditionally ˈsɑːɪb or /ˈsɑːb/ in English now often /səˈhiːb/ is a South Asian term of respect meaning Sir master Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings This page relates to the Kannada actor Dr Rajkumar for other uses of the name see Raj Kumar. For other uses see Raja (disambiguation and Rajah (disambiguation. Kolano (meaning "knee" in Polish may refer to the following villages Kolano Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland Kolano Pomeranian Voivodeship g. mehtarjao. Chitral (or Chitrāl ریاست چترال was a former Princely state of Pakistan and British India which ceased to exist in 1969

However, often such style is used in a way that may surprise as not apparently logical, such as adopting a style for princes of the blood which is not pegged to the ruler's title, but rather continues an old tradition, asserts genealogical descendency from and / or claim of political succession to a more lofty monarchy, or simply is assumed 'because we can'.

Specific titles

In some monarchic dynasties, a very specific title is used, sometimes officially, such as Infante in Spain, Portugal and Brazil. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld This title indicates the siblings of the heir apparent to the throne.

This can be a style in existence for a princely - at least originally - feudal entity, possibly still nominally linked to one, Archduke in the Habsburg empire, Grand Prince (often rendered, less correctly, as Grand Duke) in tsarist Russia. The title of Archduke (feminine Archduchess) ( German: Erzherzog, feminine -also spousal- form Erzherzogin) denotes a rank above Duke The Title Grand Prince or Great Prince (Magnus Princeps Russian and Ukrainian: Великий князь Velikiy knyaz; Вялíкий The Title grand duke (in Latin, magnus dux; in Spanish, gran duque; in Russian, Великий Герцог See also Porphyrogenetos. Porphyrogennētos or Porphyrogenitus (Greek Πορφυρογέννητος literally "born in the Purple" was a title given to a son or daughter ( Porphyrogenneta

Other titles are unique to one dynasty, even though the ruler's title is not, such as Moulay (French form; also Mulay in English) in the Sherifian sultanate (now kingdom ruled by a Malik) of Morocco. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa

On the other hand, an existing style can be used without retaining any of its intrinsic qualities, e. g. Sultan for ordinary members of the Ottoman dynasty (ruler mainly styled Padishah). Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Padishah, Padshah, Padeshah, Badishah or Badshah ( Persian پادشاه Pādeshāh) is a very prestigious

Yet a style can be reserved for members of the dynasty meeting specific criteria, e. g. French Emperor Napoléon I Bonaparte created the style Prince français ('French prince') for the princes of his house in line for the imperial succession, which excluded notably his adoptive stepson Eugène de Beauharnais, who meanwhile was Prince de Venise in chief of Napoleon's other realm, Italy. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Eugène Rose de Beauharnais Prince Français Prince of Venice, Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy, Hereditary Grand Duke of Frankfurt, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship.

Sometimes a specific title is commonly used by various dynasties in a region, e. g. Mian in various of the Punjabi princely Hill States (lower Himalayan region in British India). Mian (میاں are found among Hindus and Muslims.It is family name and a title of Nobility used in India by Rajputs from northern India, and northern Pakistan The term hill states means states in a hilly area In particular it is used for two northern border regions of colonial British India.

Some monarchies also commonly awarded some of their princes of the blood various lofty titles, some of which were reserved for royalty, other also open to the most trusted commoners and/or the highest nobility, as in the Byzantine empire (e. g. Protosebastos reserved). The Byzantine Empire had a complex system of Aristocracy and Bureaucracy, which was inherited from the Roman Empire.

Independently of such traditions, some dynasties more or less frequently awarded apanages to princes of the blood, typically carrying a feudal type title (often as such of lower protocollary rank than their birth rank) and some income. An apanage or appanage is the grant of an estate titles offices or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign who under the system of

• For the often specific terminology concerning a probable future successor, see Crown Prince and links there. Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship.

Confusingly, there are instances where a title suggests close kinship but actually only expresses a similar position in the line of succession, e. g. Filius Augusti 'son of the Augustus' in the Roman Tetrarchy. Tetrarchy ( Greek: "leadership of four " can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals Furthermore, terms of kinship are sometimes used as a protocollary style, even for biologically unrelated digitaries, not unlike the practice of members of the clergy being addressed as 'father' and addressing laymen as 'my son/daughter', or even several ecclesiastical titles originally meaning father (notably Pope, Abbot, partially Patriarch) or brother (e. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The word abbot, meaning Father, is a title given to the head of a Monastery in various traditions including Christianity. Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a Pater familias over an extended family g. Fra). A Friar is a member of one of the Mendicant orders. Friars and monks Friars differ from Monks in that they are called to a life of poverty in service

Prince as a substantive title

Other princes derive their title not from their heraditory or dynastic position as such, but from their claim to a unique and personal title of formal princely rank, one named after a specific and historical principality, but not connected to any practical claim as sovereign of a state, even if they belong to one. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince A Gold Sovereign is a Gold coin first issued in 1489 for Henry VII of England and still in production as of 2008

Prince as a reigning monarch

A prince or princess who is the head of state of a territory that has a monarchy as a form of government is a reigning prince. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or A system of government is a term that refers to the set of political Institutions by which a Government of a State is organized in order to exert its powers Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a

Nominal principalities

If the state that is governed by such a prince carries no other specific, formal name, their domain, typically smaller than a full sized kingdom, is called a principality. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince This can be a regular, independent and sovereign nation. Protocolary, these princes rank below a grand duke. The Title grand duke (in Latin, magnus dux; in Spanish, gran duque; in Russian, Великий Герцог

Currently the last sovereign cases, all tiny states in Europe are:

• the principality of Liechtenstein (between Austria and Switzerland) : H.S.H. Hans-Adam II von und zu Liechtenstein, Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein
• the principality of Monaco (enclave in France) : H.S.H. Albert II of Grimaldi, Sovereign Prince of Monaco
• the co-principality of Andorra (between Spain and France) : The President of France, Co-Prince of Andorra and H.E. Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Co-Prince of Andorra
• the prince-bishopric of Rome (enclave in Italy) : H.H. Pope Benedict XVI, Prince-Bishop of Rome

Coat of arms of the principality of Andorra (1607). A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince The Principality of Liechtenstein (Fürstentum Liechtenstein) is a tiny doubly landlocked Alpine country in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland Hans-Adam II (Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marko d'Aviano Pius von und zu Liechtenstein styled HSH The Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein; born 14 February For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque Early life Born in the Prince's Palace of Monaco, Albert attended the Albert I High School graduating with distinction in 1976 A coregency is the situation where a monarchical position (such as King Queen Emperor or Empress normally held by only a single person is held by two Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan: Principat d'Andorra) is a small Landlocked country in western The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (born July 24, 1949 in Barcelona, Spain) is the current Bishop of Urgell, a Roman Catholic A Prince-Bishop is a Bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more Secular principalities usually pre-existent titles of nobility Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger

Coat of arms of the principality of Liechtenstein (1719).

Coat of arms of the principality of Monaco (1861).

Coat of arms of the prince-bishopric of Rome (1927).

Micronations

In the same tradition some self-proclaimed monarchs of so-called micronations establish themselves as virtual princes:

• Roy Bates calls himself Prince Roy of the Principality of Sealand
• Leonard George Casley calls himself Prince Leonard I of the Principality of Hutt River (enclave in Australia) [2]

Generic use

The term prince has also been used to describe, in languages like English for lack of a more specific word for this concept, the head of any feudal or vassal state of lower — generally peerage — rank ruling in his own right, not in a mere gubernatorial capacity. Micronations &mdash sometimes also referred to as model countries and new country projects &mdash are entities that resemble independent Nations or Paddy Roy Bates (born 1922 is a former British Pirate radio broadcaster and founder of the Principality of Sealand, styling himself HRH Prince Roy of Sealand The Principality of Sealand is a Micronation located on HM Fort Roughs, a former World War II Maunsell Sea Fort in the North Sea The Hutt River Principality ( previously known as Hutt River Province, is Australia 's oldest Micronation. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed For example, it has been used as a synonym for duke or count at times. A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin

In German, such a prince is specifically called Fürst (capitals obligatory for German nouns), and there are equivalents in most languages and countries that know the tradition of the Holy Roman Empire and where this was called Kleinstaaterei. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. (plural Fürsten) is a German title of nobility, usually translated into English as Prince. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in de Kleinstaaterei is a German word mainly used for the political situation in Germany and neighbouring regions during the Holy Roman Empire. The title was used for the head of state, and the title of Prinz was used for cadet members of reigning royal or princely families, and also for the cadets of some mediatized families, and did not imply any sovereignty whatsoever. Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a Mediatization, defined broadly is the subsumation of one Monarchy into another monarchy in such a way that the ruler of the annexed state keeps his or her sovereign title

The female equivalents are Fürstin and Prinzessin.

Princes as representants of a reigning monarch

Various monarchies provide for different modes in which princes of the dynasty can temporarily or permanently share in the style and / or office of the Monarch, e. g. as Regent or Viceroy. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch.

Though these offices must not be reserved for members of the ruling dynasty, in some traditions they are, possibly even reflected in the style of the office, e. g. prince-lieutenant in Luxembourg repeatedly filled by the Crown prince before the grand duke's abdication, or in form of consortium imperii. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. Consortium imperii is a Latin term dating from the Roman dominate denoting the sharing of imperial authority between two or more emperors hence designated as consors imperii

Some monarchies even have a practice in which the Monarch can formally abdicate in favor of his heir, and yet retain a kingly title with executive power, e. g. Maha Upayuvaraja (Sanskrit for Great Joint King in Cambodia), though sometimes also conferred on powerful regents who exercised executive powers. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East

Titular princes

Titular Princes from within the royal family

One type of prince belongs in both the genealogical royalty and the territorial princely styles. A number of nobiliary territories, carrying with them the formal style of prince, are not or no longer actual political, administrative, principalities, but are maintained as essentially honorary titles and are awarded traditionally (or occasionally) to princes of the blood, as an appanage. An apanage or appanage is the grant of an estate titles offices or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign who under the system of

This is done in particular for the heir to the throne, creating a de facto primogeniture, who is often awarded a particular principality in each generation, so that it becomes synonymous with the first in line for the throne, even if there is no automatic legal mechanism to do so. Primogeniture is the Common law right of the Firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings

Examples of such titles are:

• The Crown Prince of the United Kingdom of Great-Britain and Northern Ireland: Prince of Wales (Charles, Prince of Wales)
• The Crown Prince of the kingdom of the Netherlands: Prins van Oranje (Willem Alexander, Prince of Orange)
• The Crown Prince of the kingdom of Spain: Principe de Asturias (Felipe, Prince of Asturias)
• The Crown Prince of the kingdom of France: Dauphin de Viennois, then Dauphin de France

Some states have an analogous tradition, where they confer another princely title, such as the British royal duchies to various other royal princes, and (again, through de facto primogeniture). Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Prince of Orange is a Title of Nobility, originally associated with the Principality of Orange, now in southern France. Willem-Alexander Prince of Orange (in Dutch: Prins van Oranje Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Counts of Albon ( Comtes d'Albon) were minor French nobles in south-eastern France in the Rhône Alps region The Dauphin of France (Dauphin de France—strictly Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois)—was the title given to the Heir apparent of the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Primogeniture is the Common law right of the Firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings

Both systems may concur, as in Belgium, where Prince of Liège is one of the traditional titles for royal sons, alongside the title of Duke of Brabant, the highest title, being handed down through primogeniture if it is not yet taken. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Duchy of Brabant was formally erected in 1183/1184 The title " Duke of Brabant " was created by the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in favor of The title of Count of Flanders is similarly used for the next in the succession order. counts of Flanders were the Rulers over the county of Flanders from the 9th century until the abolition of the Countship by the French revolutionaries

Crown of the Prince of Asturias.

Crown of the Prince of Wales.

Titular Princes from outside the royal family

France and the Holy Roman Empire

In several countries of the European continent, e. Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the Continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European g. in France, prince can be an aristocratic title of someone having a high rank of nobility in chief of a geographical place, but no actual territory and without any necessary link to the royal family, which makes comparing it with e. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime A royal family is the extended family of a monarch. Generally the head of a royal family is a king or queen regnant g. the British system of royal princes difficult. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

In France, prince was both a rank and a title. The rank was given to some great families related to foreign sovereign dynasties. It was called prince étranger (Foreign Prince) and carried special precedence at the court. Families of prince étranger rank were those of Lorraine, Cleves, Savoy, La Tour d'Auvergne and Rohan. The rulers of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region La Tour d'Auvergne was a French noble family Its senior branch extinct in 1501 held the titles of Count of Auvergne and Count of Boulogne for about half a century See Rohan (disambiguation for other uses of the word The house of Rohan was a family of Viscounts later Dukes and The Foreign princes often had other ranks such as duke. When not a duke, a Foreign Prince could style himself prince of a fiefdom he held.

• Prince de Mercœur of the House of Lorraine
• Prince de Turenne of the House of La Tour d'Auvergne

The kings of France started to bestow the aristocracy with princely titles from 16th century onwards. The rulers of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions These titles were made by elevating a fiefdom to principalty status. This title had no place in the ranks of the nobility, but was notably used for dukes' heir apparent.

• Prince de Marcillac : heir of the duke de La Rochefoucauld
• Prince de Tingry : heir to the duke de Piney-Luxembourg
• Prince de Lamballe : heir of the duke de Penthièvre

This can even occur in a monarchy within which an identical but real and substantive feudal title exists, such as Fürst in German. An example of this is:

• Otto von Bismarck was called Prince of Bismarck in the empire of reunited Germany, under the Hohenzollern dynasty. Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen Duke of Lauenburg Prince of Bismarck ( April 1, 1815 July 30, 1898)

Spain and France

In other cases, such titular princedoms are created in chief of an event, such as a treaty of a victory. An example of this is:

• The Spanish minister Manuel Godoy was created Principe de la Paz or Prince of Peace by his king for negotiating the 1795 double peace-treaty of Basilea, by which the revolutionary French republic made peace with Prussia and with Spain. Don Manuel Francisco Domingo de Godoy (di Bassano y Alvarez de Faria de los Ríos y Sánchez-Zarzosa, also Manuel de Godoy y Alvarez de Faria de los Ríos Sánchez Zarzosa

• The triumphant generals who led their troops to victory received a so called victory title. A victory title is an honorific title adopted by a successful military commander to commemorate his defeat of an enemy nation Especially Napoleon I Bonaparte created many such titles, also dukedoms. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.

• King William I of the Netherlands bestowed the victory title of prince of Waterloo upon Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington after his victory over Napoleon I Bonaparte at Waterloo in 1815. William Frederick (William I, born Willem Frederik Prins van Oranje-Nassau ( The Hague, 24 August 1772 - Berlin, 12 December 1843 was a Prince of A victory title is an honorific title adopted by a successful military commander to commemorate his defeat of an enemy nation The title Prince of Waterloo is retained by the Dukes of Wellington. Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, KP, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS ( c Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. In the Battle of Waterloo (Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo Belgium

Poland and Russia

In Poland specifically, the titles of prince dated either to the times before the Union of Lublin or were granted to Polish nobles by foreign kings, as the law in Poland forbade the king from dividing nobility by granting them hereditary titles. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Union of Lublin (Liublino unija Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія Polish: Unia For more information, see The Princely Houses of Poland. The Princely Houses of Poland had some important qualities differentiating them from other princely houses in Europe

In the Russian system, knyaz, translated as prince, is the highest degree of nobility, and sometimes, represents a mediatization of an older native dynasty which became subject to the Russian imperial dynasty. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Kniaz’ or knyaz is a word found in some Slavic languages, denoting a Nobility rank Mediatization, defined broadly is the subsumation of one Monarchy into another monarchy in such a way that the ruler of the annexed state keeps his or her sovereign title A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Rurikid branches used the knyaz title also after they were succeeded by the Romanovs as the Russian imperial dynasty. Rurik or Riurik (Рюрик; Old East Norse: Rørik, meaning "famous ruler" c The House of Romanov (Рома́нов rʌˈmanəf was the second and last imperial Dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917 An example of this is:

• Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin who was made Prince Potemkin

The title of prince in various Western traditions and languages

In each case, the title is followed (when available) by the female form and then (not always available, and obviously rarely applicable to a prince of the blood without a principality) the name of the territorial associated with it, each separated by a slash. If a second title (or set) is also given, then that one is for a Prince of the blood, the first for a principality. Be aware that the absence of a separate title for a prince of the blood may not always mean no such title exists; alternatively, the existence of a word does not imply there is also a reality in the linguistic territory concerned; it may very well be used exclusively to render titles in other languages, regardless whether there is a historical link with any (which often means that linguistic tradition is adopted)

Etymologically, we can discern the following traditions (some languages followed a historical link, e. g. within the Holy Roman Empire, not their linguistic family; some even fail to follow the same logic for certain other aristocratic titles):

Romance languages

• Languages (mostly Romance) only using the Latin root princeps:
  • Latin (post-Roman): Princeps/*Princeps/*
  • French: Prince /Princesse - Prince /Princesse
  • Catalan: Príncep /Princesa - Príncep /Princesa
  • Italian: Principe /Principessa - Principe /Principessa
  • Monegasque: Principu /Principessa - Principu /Principessa
  • Portuguese: Príncipe /Princesa - Príncipe /Princesa
  • Rhaeto-Romansh: Prinzi /Prinzessa - Prinzi /Prinzessa
  • Friulian: Princip /Principesse - Princip /Principesse
  • Romanian: Prinţ /Prinţesă - Principe /Principesă
  • Spanish: Príncipe /Princesa - Príncipe /Princesa

Celtic languages

• • Breton: Priñs /Priñsez
  • Irish: Prionsa /Banphrionsa - Flaith /Banfhlaith
  • Scottish Gaelic: Prionnsa /Bana-phrionnsa - Flath /Ban-fhlath
  • Welsh: Twysog /Twysoges

Germanic languages

• Languages (mainly Germanic) that use (generally alongside a princeps-derivate for princes of the blood) an equivalent of the German Fürst:
  • Old English: Ǣðeling /Hlæfdiġe
  • English:Prince /Princess - Prince /Princess
  • Danish: Fyrste /Fyrstinde - Prins /Prinsesse
  • Dutch: Vorst /Vorstin- Prins /Prinses
  • Estonian [Finno-Ugric family]: Vürst /Vürstinna - Prints /Printsess
  • German: Fürst /Fürstin - Prinz /Prinzessin
  • Icelandic: Fursti /Furstynja - Prins /Prinsessa
  • Luxembourgish: Fürst /Fürstin - Prënz /Prinzessin
  • Norwegian: Fyrste /Fyrstinne - Prins /Prinsesse
  • Swedish: Furste /Furstinna - Prins /Prinsessa

Slavic and Baltic languages

• Slavic and Baltic languages:
  • Belarusian: Tsarevich, Karalevich, Prynts /Tsarewna, Karalewna, Pryntsesa
  • Bulgarian: Knyaz /Knaginya, Tsarevich, Kralevich, Prints /Printsesa
  • Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian: Кнез/Књегиња or Knez/Kneginja, Краљевић/Краљевна or Kraljević/Kraljevna, Принц/Принцеза or Princ/Princeza
  • Czech: Kníže /Kněžna, Princ/Princezna
  • Latvian: Firsts /Firstiene - Princis /Princese
  • Lithuanian: Kunigaikštis /Kunigaikštiene - Princas /Princese
  • Macedonian: Knez /Knezhina, Tsarevich, Kralevich, Prints /Tsarevna, Kralevna, Printsesa
  • Polish: Książę /Księżna, Książę, Królewicz /Księżna, Królewna
  • Russian: Knyaz /Knyagina Knyazhnya, Tsarevich, Korolyevich, Prints /Tsarevna, Korolyevna, Printsessa
  • Slovak: Knieža /Kňažná, Kráľovič, Princ /Princezná
  • Slovene: Knez /Kneginja, Kraljevič, Princ /Kraljična, Princesa
  • Ukrainian: Knyaz /Knyazhnya, Tsarenko, Korolenko, Prints /Tsarivna, Korolivna, Printsizna

Other languages

• Albanian: Princ /Princeshë - Princ /Princeshë
• Danish: Prins / Prinsesse
• Estonian: Vürst /Vürstinna - Prints /Printsess
• Finnish: Ruhtinas /Ruhtinatar - Prinssi /Prinsessa
• Georgian: თავადი / Tavadi
• Greek (Medieval, formal): Prigkips, Πρίγκηψ/Prigkipissa, Πριγκήπισσα
• Greek (Modern, colloquial): Prigkipas, Πρίγκηπας/Prigkipissa, Πριγκήπισσα
• Hindi: Raj-Kumarah, राजकुमार
• Hungarian (Magyar): Herceg / Hercegnő
• Maltese: Princep /Principessa - Princep /Principessa
• Turkish: Prens/Prenses
• Malaysian: Putera / Tuan Putera

The title of prince in other traditions and languages

The above is essentially the story of European, Christian dynasties and other nobility, also 'exported' to their colonial and other overseas territories and otherwise adopted by rather westernized societies elsewhere (e. The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE Language family. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages The Baltic languages are a group of related languages belonging to the Indo-European language family and spoken mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic Tavadi (თავადი "prince" lit "head/chief", from t’avi, "head" with the prefix of agent -di) was a feudal title in g. Haiti).

Applying these essentially western concepts, and terminology, to other cultures even when they don't do so, is common but in many respects rather dubious. Different (historical, religious. . . ) backgrounds have also begot significantly different dynastic and nobiliary systems, which are poorly represented by the 'closest' western analogy.

It therefore makes sense to treat these per civilization.

Islamic traditions

• Arabian tradition since the caliphate - in several monarchies it remains customary to use the title Sheikh (in itself below princely rank) for all members of the royal family. A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfa) is the political leadership of the Muslim community in classical and medieval Islamic history Sheikh, also rendered as Sheik, Cheikh, Shaikh, and other variants ( Arabic:, shaykh In families (often reigning dynasties) which claim descent from Muhammad, this is expressed in either of a number of titles (supposing different exact relations): sayid, sharif; these are retained even when too remote from any line of succession to be a member of any dynasty. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics
• Malay countries
• In the Ottoman empire, the sovereign of imperial rank (incorrectly known in the west as (Great) sultan) was styled padishah with a host of additional titles, reflecting his claim as political successor to the various conquered states. Padishah, Padshah, Padeshah, Badishah or Badshah ( Persian پادشاه Pādeshāh) is a very prestigious Princes of the blood, male and female, were given the style sultan (normally reserved for Muslim rulers)
• Persia (Iran) - Princes as members of a Royal family, are referred to by the title Shahzadeh, meaning "descendant of the king". Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings Since the word zadeh could refer to either a male or female descendant, Shahzadeh had the parallel meaning of "princess" as well. Princes can also be sons of provincial kings (Khan) and the title referring to them would be the title of Khanzadeh. Princes as people who got a title from the King are called "Mirza", diminutive of "Amir Zadeh" (King's Son).

Far Eastern traditions

• China

In ancient China, the title of prince developed from being the highest title of nobility (synonymous with duke) in the Zhou Dynasty, to five grades of princes (not counting the sons and grandsons of the emperor) by the time of the fall of the Qing Dynasty. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Wang (King and Huangdi (Emperor The King or Wang (Chinese 王 or 國王 wáng was the title of the Chinese Head of state until the Qin dynasty A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China The Chinese word for prince 'Wang' 王 literally means King as Chinese believe the emperor 'huangdi'皇帝 is the ruler of all kings. The most accurate translation of the English word 'prince' in Chinese is 皇子（son of the Emperor) or 王子 (son of the King).

• Japan

In Japan, the title of prince (kôshaku 公爵) was used as the highest title of kazoku (華族 Japanese modern nobility) before the present constitution. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The was the hereditary Peerage of the Empire of Japan that existed between 1869 and 1947 The title kôshaku, however, is more commonly translated as duke to avoid confusion with the royal ranks in the imperial household, shinnô (親王 (literally king of the blood) female;naishinnô (内親王 (literally queen (by herself) of the blood) and shinnôhi 親王妃 (literally consort of king of the blood)) or ô (王 (literally king) female;nyoô (女王 (literally queen (by herself)) and ôhi (王妃 (literally consort of king)). The former is the higher title of a male member of the Imperial family and the latter is the lower.

• Korea
• See princely states for the (often particular, mainly Hindu) title on the Indian subcontinent in (former British) India (including modern Pakistan and Bangladesh) as well as Burma and Nepal. For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia.
• Indochina: Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos
• Thailand
• Philippines (Principalia)

African traditions

Except for the Arabized, Muslim North and some other monarchies that simply adopted Islamic practices, or in cases where a Western model was copied (e. Principalía chieftain class or [[nobility]] was the ruling class in the towns of Spanish Philippines composed of the Gobernadorcillo or the Municipal Captain who presided over g. Bokassa I's short-lived Central-African Empire in Napoleonic fashion), usually the styles, or even the systems, are completely independent or almost. The Central African Empire (Empire Centrafricain was the name of the short-lived self-declared autocratic Monarchy that replaced the Central African Republic

The title of prince in religion

In states with an element of theocracy, this can affect princehood in several ways, such as the style of the ruler (e. Theocracy is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler g. with a secondary title meaning son or servant of a named divinity), but also the mode of succession (even reincarnation and recognition).

Furthermore, certain religious offices may be considered of princely rank, and/or imply comparable temporal rights.

See Prince of the Church for the main Christian versions. The term Prince of the Church is nowadays used nearly exclusively for Catholic Cardinals However the term is historically more important as a generic term for clergymen Also in Christianity, Jesus Christ is sometimes referred to as the Prince of Peace. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) ^[2] Other likely titles for Jesus Christ are Prince of Princes^[3] and Prince of the Covenant. ^[4] Further, Satan is often titled the Prince of Darkness; and in the Christian faith he is also referred to as the Prince of this World^[5][6][7] and the Prince of the Power of the Air. Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth ^[8] Another title for Satan, not as common today but apparently so in approximately 30 A. D. by the Pharisees of the day, was the title Prince of the Devils. The word Pharisees ( lat. pharisæ|us, - i) comes from the Hebrew פרושים perushim from פרוש parush, meaning "separated" ^[9][10][11]

See also

• Prince du Sang
• Heir apparent and Heir presumptive
• Prince-elector and Prince Regent
• Prince consort and Princess consort
• King consort and Queen consort
• King regnant and Queen regnant
• Crown Prince, Grand Prince and Infante
• First Prince of the Blood
• Fils de France and Petit-Fils de France
• Monsieur and Madame Royale
• Prince of the Church and Cardinal
• Prince-Archbishop, Prince-Bishop and Prince-abbot
• Principality and Princely state
• Auctoritas, Dominate, Potestas and Imperium
• Fürst
• List of British princes and List of British princesses
• Grand Duchy, Grand duke and Grand duchess
• Nobility, Royalty and Royal and noble ranks

References

External links

• Princely States in British India and talaqdars in Oudh.
• RoyalArk thorough on a limited number of dynasties.
• World Statesmen select the present state, often navigate within for a former polity.

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