Citizendia

Pretoria
The central area of Pretoria viewed from the Union Buildings.
The central area of Pretoria viewed from the Union Buildings. The Union Buildings form the official seat of the South African Government and also house the offices of the President of South Africa.
Flag of Pretoria
Flag
Motto: Praestantia Praevaleat Pretoria (May Pretoria Be Pre-eminent In Excellence)
Country South Africa
Province Gauteng
Established 1855
Area
 - Total 1,644 km² (634. The flag of Pretoria is the Flag that represents the City of Pretoria, the administrative capital of South Africa. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa South Africa is currently divided into nine provinces On the eve of the 1994 general election, South Africa's former homelands also known as Bantustans, were reintegrated Gauteng (xaʊˈtɛŋ Sotho xɑ́útʼèŋ̀ is a province of South Africa. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 8 sq mi)
Population (2007)
 - Total 2,345,908
 - Density 856/km² (2,217/sq mi)
Time zone SAST (UTC+2)
Area code(s) 012

Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume SAST redirects here For the comedy programme see Short Attention Span Theater. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Gauteng (xaʊˈtɛŋ Sotho xɑ́útʼèŋ̀ is a province of South Africa. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa It is one of the country's three capital cities, serving as the executive (administrative) and de facto national capital; the others are Cape Town, the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein, the judicial capital. In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation Bloemfontein (ˈbluːmfɒnteɪn Afrikaans and Dutch for "spring of Bloem (bloom"

Pretoria is contained in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality as one of several constituent former administrations (among which also Centurion and Soshanguve), and therefore sometimes incorrectly referred to as Tshwane — this contentious issue is still being decided. The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (also known as the City of Tshwane, ˈtswɑːneɪ (listen) is a metropolitan municipality contained in the Centurion (previously known as Verwoerdburg is a town in Gauteng Province, South Africa, located between Pretoria and Midrand ( Johannesburg Soshanguve is a township situated about 45 km north of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa. Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa.

Contents

Geography and climate

Pretoria (South Africa)
Pretoria
Pretoria
Pretoria (South Africa)

Pretoria is the transitional area between the Highveld and the Bushveld, approximately 50 km north of Johannesburg in the north-east of South Africa. The Highveld is a high Plateau region of South Africa which is largely home to the largest metropolitan area in the country the Gauteng City Region The Bushveld is a tropical savanna Ecoregion of Southern Africa that encompasses most of Limpopo Province and part of the North West Province Johannesburg ( Pronounced /jō-hān'ĭs-bûrg'/ is the largest city in South Africa. It lies in a warm, well sheltered, fertile valley, surrounded by the hills of the Magaliesberg range, 1,370 m (4,495 ft) above sea level. The Magaliesberg is a Mountain range extending from Pretoria in the north of the Gauteng Province to a point south of The city's coordinates are approximate 25°43′S, 28°17′E. Snow is an extremely rare event, which occurs once or twice in a century, with the last recorded snowfall on 27 June 2007. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Climate Table
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Highest recorded temperature (°C) 36 36 35 33 29 25 26 31 34 36 36 35 36
Average daily maximum temperature (°C) 29 28 27 24 22 19 20 22 26 27 27 28 25
Average daily minimum temperature (°C) 18 17 16 12 8 5 5 8 12 14 16 17 12
Lowest recorded temperature (°C) 8 11 6 3 -1 -6 -4 -1 2 4 7 7 -6
Average monthly precipitation (mm) 136 75 82 51 13 7 3 6 22 71 98 110 674
Average number of rain days (>= 1 mm) 14 11 10 7 3 1 1 2 3 9 12 15 87
Source: South African Weather Service

Demographics

Geographical distribution of home languages in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality.
Geographical distribution of home languages in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to

The city has a population of approximately one million. The main languages spoken in Pretoria include Tswana, Afrikaans, Ndebele, and English. Tswana ( Setswana) is a Bantu language written in the Latin Alphabet. Afrikaans is an Indo-European language, derived from 17th century Dutch and classified as Low Franconian Germanic, mainly spoken in English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The whole Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality had a population of 1 985 997 as of the 2001 census. The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (also known as the City of Tshwane, ˈtswɑːneɪ (listen) is a metropolitan municipality contained in the Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population

Language Population %
Pedi 439 732 22. Northern Sotho ( Sesotho sa Leboa in the language itself is one of the official languages of South Africa, and is spoken by nearly five million—4208980 people 14%
Afrikaans 422 866 21. Afrikaans is an Indo-European language, derived from 17th century Dutch and classified as Low Franconian Germanic, mainly spoken in 29%
Tswana 339 719 17. Tswana ( Setswana) is a Bantu language written in the Latin Alphabet. 11%
Tsonga 198 441 9. The Tsonga or Xitsonga language is spoken in southern Africa by the Tsonga people also known as the Shangaan. 99%
Zulu 151 200 7. Zulu (called isiZulu in Zulu is a Language of the Zulu people with about 10 million speakers the vast majority (over 95% of whom live in South 61%
English 129 923 6. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States 54%
Ndebele 98 077 4. 94%
Sotho 78 435 3. History Should include probable history of the language what form of Bantu it is most closely derived from (the coolest forms! dates of movement of major groups 95%
Swati 37 963 1. Swati ( siSwati in the language itself isiSwazi in Zulu is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in Swaziland and 91%
Xhosa 37 957 1. Xhosa (ˈkǁʰoːsa ( isiXhosa) is one of the Official languages of South Africa. 91%
Venda 35 242 1. Venda, also known as Tshivenḓa, or Luvenḓa, is a Bantu language 77%
Other 16 425 0. South Africa has 11 Official languages South Africa also recognises eight non-official languages as " National languages quot 83%

History

Satellite image of Pretoria from above.
Satellite image of Pretoria from above.

Nguni-speaking settlers, who later became known as the Ndebele (derived from the Sotho word for 'refugees'), were probably the first people to recognise the suitability of the river valley which was to become the location of the future city of Pretoria for settlement. The Ndebele people are three Tribes or Nations of people living in South Africa and Zimbabwe; there are three main groups of Ndebele History Should include probable history of the language what form of Bantu it is most closely derived from (the coolest forms! dates of movement of major groups

During the difaqane in Natal, another band of refugees arrived in this area under the leadership of Mzilikazi. Mfecane ( Zulu name also known as the Difaqane or Lifaqane in Sesotho) is an African expression which means something like "the KwaZulu-Natal (kwɑːˌzuːluː nəˈtɑːl often referred to as " KZN " is a province of South Africa. Mzilikazi (meaning The Great Road) (ca 1790 - 9 September 1868) also sometimes called Mosilikatze was a Southern African king However, they were forced to abandon their villages in their flight from a regiment of Zulu raiders in 1832. A regiment is a Military unit, composed of a variable number of Battalions – commanded by a Colonel. The Zulu ( IsiZulu: amaZulu) are the largest South African ethnic group of an estimated 10-11 million people who live mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian

Pretoria itself was founded in 1855 by Marthinus Pretorius, a leader of the Voortrekkers, who named it after his father Andries Pretorius. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Son of Andries Pretorius, Marthinus Wessel Pretorius ( 17 September 1819 - 19 May 1901) was the first president of the Voortrekkers can also refer to a youth organization see Voortrekkers (youth organization. Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius ( 27 November, 1798 &ndash 23 July 1853) was a leader of the Boers who was instrumental in the The elder Pretorius had become a national hero of the Voortrekkers after his victory over the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River. Voortrekkers can also refer to a youth organization see Voortrekkers (youth organization. The Zulu ( IsiZulu: amaZulu) are the largest South African ethnic group of an estimated 10-11 million people who live mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal In the Battle of Blood River ( Afrikaans: Slag van Bloedrivier; Zulu: iMpi yaseNcome) on 16 December 1838 470 Voortrekkers Andries Pretorius also negotiated the Sand River Convention (1852), in which Britain acknowledged the independence of the Transvaal. Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius ( 27 November, 1798 &ndash 23 July 1853) was a leader of the Boers who was instrumental in the The Sand River Convention was a convention whereby Great Britain formally recognised the independence of the Boers living beyond the Vaal River Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year For the Russian theme park see Transvaal Park. The Transvaal (Afrikaans lit This made him the first successful leader in the fight against British colonialism in Sub-Sahara Africa It became the capital of the South African Republic (ZAR) on 1 May 1860. This article is about the former country in Africa For the present-day country see South Africa; for the region where both are located see Southern Africa Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting

The founding of Pretoria as the capital of the South African Republic can be seen as marking the end of the Boers' settlement movements of the Great Trek. The Great Trek was an eastward and north-eastward migration during the 1830s and 1840s of the Boers ( Dutch / Afrikaans for "farmers" who

During the First Boer War, the city was besieged by Republican forces in December 1880 and March 1881. See also Second Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The First Boer War ( Dutch: Eerste Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: The peace treaty which ended the war was signed in Pretoria on 3 August 1881 at the Pretoria Convention. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Pretoria Convention was the peace treaty that ended the First Boer War (16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the Transvaal Boers and the

The Second Boer War (1899 to 1902) resulted in the end of the South African Republic and start of British hegemony in South Africa. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Hegemony (hɨˈdʒɛməni (Amer /hɨˈɡɛməni/ (Brit (ἡγεμονία hēgemonía) is a concept that has been used to describe and explain the dominance of one social During the war, Winston Churchill was imprisoned in the Staats Model School in Pretoria but escaped to Mozambique. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Staats Model School is situated on the corner of Van der Walt and Visage Streets in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, Republic of South Africa. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa The city surrendered to British forces under Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts on 5 June 1900 and the conflict was ended in Pretoria with the signing of the Peace of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902. Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts 1st Earl Roberts, VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, PC Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Treaty of Vereeniging (commonly referred to as Peace of Vereeniging) was the Peace treaty, signed on 31 May 1902, that ended the South Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

The Boer Republics of the ZAR and the Orange Free State were united with the Cape Colony and Natal Colony in 1910 to become the Union of South Africa. The Republic of the Orange Free State (Oranje-Vrystaat Dutch: Oranje-Vrijstaat) was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa The Cape Colony, part of modern South Africa, was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652 with the founding of Cape Town. The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting } The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day state of the Republic of South Africa. Pretoria then became the administrative capital of the whole of South Africa, with Cape Town the legislative capital. Between 1860 and 1994, the city was also the capital of the province of Transvaal, superseding Potchefstroom in that role. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) For the Russian theme park see Transvaal Park. The Transvaal (Afrikaans lit Potchefstroom is an Academic city hosting the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University (previously known as Potchefstroom University

On 14 October 1931, Pretoria achieved official city status. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status When South Africa became a republic in 1961, Pretoria remained its administrative capital. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

After the creation of new municipal structures across South Africa in 2000, the name Tshwane was adopted for the Metropolitan Municipality that includes Pretoria and surrounding towns. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. In South Africa, a metropolitan municipality or Category A municipality is a Municipality which executes all the functions of local government for a

Pretoria previously had a rather sinister image as "the capital of Apartheid South Africa". However, Pretoria's political reputation was changed with the inauguration of Nelson Mandela as the country's first black President at the Union Buildings in the same city. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative The President of South Africa, in full the President of the Republic of South Africa is the Head of state and Head of government under South The Union Buildings form the official seat of the South African Government and also house the offices of the President of South Africa. However, the name Pretoria still has a negative connotation to some black South Africans, and therefore a change of name to Tshwane has been proposed. This proposed change is controversial to most of the inhabitants of the city.

One example of the image of Pretoria abroad was the derisive nickname Pretoria-Gasteiz for Vitoria-Gasteiz in Negu Gorriak's song Napartheid. Negu Gorriak ( Basque for "Red Winters" or "Harsh Winters") is an underground Basque rock group

In 1994 Peter Holmes Maluleka was elected as transitional mayor of Pretoria, until the first democratic election held later that year, making him the first black mayor of this capital of South Africa. Maluleka later became the chairman of the Greater Pretoria Metropolitan City Council (later Tshwane Metro Council), then was elected Speaker of the Tshwane Metro Council and in 2004 was chosen to be a member of the South African Parliament for the Soshanguve constituency.

Cultural and Academic

The front part of the Theo van Wyk Building on the Main Campus of UNISA.
The front part of the Theo van Wyk Building on the Main Campus of UNISA.
Streetsigns in Pretoria
Streetsigns in Pretoria

Pretoria is one of South Africa's leading academic cities, and it is home to both the largest residential university in the country (the University of Pretoria), the Tshwane University of Technology and the largest distance education university (the University of South Africa, more commonly known by its initials, UNISA). The University of Pretoria is a University in Pretoria South Africa, with a total of about 57409 students being enrolled in 2008 Tshwane University of Technology ( TUT) is a Higher education institution in South Africa that came into being through a merger of three Technikons Distance education, or distance learning, is a field of education that focuses on the Pedagogy and Andragogy, technology and instructional systems design The South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is also located in this city. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR is South Africa 's central and premier scientific research and development organisation

Sport

One of the most popular sports in Pretoria is rugby union. In 2004 South Africa started reforming its higher education system merging and incorporating small universities into larger institutions and renaming all higher education institutions Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Loftus Versfeld is home to the Blue Bulls who compete in the domestic Currie Cup, the Bulls who compete in the international Super 14 competition (Winners of the Super 14 in 2007) and to soccer side Mamelodi Sundowns . Loftus Versfeld Stadium is a sports stadium situated in Pretoria, South Africa. The Blue Bulls, for sponsorship reasons named Vodacom Blue Bulls, or more popularly by the club's Afrikaans name die Blou Bulle, are For the cricket competition originally known as the Currie Cup see SuperSport Series. The Bulls, for sponsorship reasons known as the Vodacom Bulls, are a South African Rugby union team competing in the Super 14 competition The Super 14 is the largest Rugby union football club championship in the Southern hemisphere, consisting of four state teams from Australia (Queensland/Reds Mamelodi Sundowns' are a South African Football (soccer club that participates in the country's Premier Soccer League. Pretoria also hosted matches during the 1995 Rugby World Cup. The 1995 Rugby World Cup was the third Rugby World Cup. It was hosted by South Africa, and had the distinction of being the first Rugby World Cup in which every match Loftus Versfeld will be used for matches of the 2010 Soccer World Cup. There are two soccer teams in the city campaigning in the Premier Soccer League. They are Sundowns and Supersport United. Mamelodi Sundowns' are a South African Football (soccer club that participates in the country's Premier Soccer League. Supersport United' is a South African Football (soccer club based in Pretoria that currently competes in the Premier Soccer League Sundowns are the reigning PSL Champions. Cricket is also popular.

Economy

Pretoria is an important industrial center, with heavy industries including iron and steel casting as well as automobile, railway and machinery manufacture. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity In a study entitled An Inquiry into Cities and Their Role in Subnational Economic Growth in South Africa and published in 2002 by statisticians at Potchefstroom University, the city was found to contribute 8. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Potchefstroom campus of the North-West University (nicknamed "Pukke" was formerly known as the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education (abbreviated 55% of the country's total GDP, making it the third biggest contributor behind Johannesburg and Cape Town. Johannesburg ( Pronounced /jō-hān'ĭs-bûrg'/ is the largest city in South Africa. Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the [1]

Change of name

On 26 May 2005 the South African Geographical Names Council (SAGNC), which is linked to the Directorate of Heritage in the Department of Arts and Culture, approved changing the name of Pretoria to Tshwane, which is already the name of the Metropolitan Municipality[2] in which Pretoria, and a number of surrounding towns are located. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The South African Geographical Names Council is the official government body of South Africa that advises the executive branch of the central government (in the form of the The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (also known as the City of Tshwane, ˈtswɑːneɪ (listen) is a metropolitan municipality contained in the Although the name change was approved by the SAGNC, it has not yet been approved by the Minister of Arts and Culture, Pallo Jordan. Dr Zweledinga Pallo Jordan (born 22 May 1942) has been the Minister of Arts and Culture of the Republic of South Africa since 29 April 2004 The matter is currently under consideration while he has requested further research on the matter. Should the Minister approve the name change, the name will be published in the Government Gazette, giving the public opportunity to comment on the matter. The Minister can then refer the public response back to the SAGNC, before presenting his recommendation before parliament, who will vote on the change. Various public interest groups have warned that the name change will be challenged in court, should the minister approve the renaming. The long process involved made it unlikely the name would change anytime soon, if ever, even assuming the Minister had approved the change in early 2006.

The Tshwane Metro Council has advertised Tshwane as "Africa's leading capital city" since the name change was approved by the SAGNC in 2005. This has led to further controversy, however, as the name of the city had not yet been changed officially, and the council was, at best, acting prematurely. Following a complaint lodged with the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA), it was ruled that such advertisements are deliberately misleading and should be withdrawn from all media. [3] Despite the rulings of the ASA, Tshwane Metro Council failed to discontinue their "City of Tshwane" advertisements. As a result, the ASA requested that Tshwane Metro pay for advertisements in which it admits that it has misled the public. Refusing to abide by the ASA's request, the Metro Council was banned consequently from placing any advertisements in the South African media that refer to Tshwane as the capital. ASA may still place additional sanctions on the Metro Council that would prevent it from placing any advertisements in the South African media, including council notices and employment vacancies. [4][5]

After the ruling, the Metro Council continued to place Tshwane advertisements, but placed them on council-owned advertising boards and busstops throughout the municipal area. In August 2007, an internal memo was leaked to the media in which the Tshwane mayor sought advice from the premier of Gauteng on whether the municipality could be called the "City of Tshwane" instead of just "Tshwane". [6] This could increase confusion about the distinction between the city of Pretoria and the municipality of Tshwane.

Sister cities

Places of interest

The Union Buildings
The Union Buildings
The Voortrekker Monument
The Voortrekker Monument

Museums

Nature Reserves

Stadiums

Radio and television broadcasting

Radio and TV broadcasting in Pretoria is supplied via a network of VHF/FM and UHF transmitters and repeaters owned and operated by Sentech - South Africa's state-owned broadcast signal distributor - from four transmitter sites in and around the city. Melrose House is a stately Victorian Mansion located in Pretoria, South Africa. The Treaty of Vereeniging (commonly referred to as Peace of Vereeniging) was the Peace treaty, signed on 31 May 1902, that ended the South See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: The Voortrekker Monument is a Monument situated in the city of Pretoria, South Africa. The Transvaal Museum is a Natural history Museum situated in Pretoria, South Africa. The African Window is the national Cultural history Museum (NCHM of South Africa. Loftus Versfeld Stadium is a sports stadium situated in Pretoria, South Africa. Sentech is the signal distributor for the South African Broadcasting sector A number of community radio stations operate transmitters from non-Sentech sites.

The inception of an FM broadcast service in South Africa, began on September 1, 1961 from what is now known as the Sentech Tower in Brixton, Johannesburg. Sentech Tower is a 237 metre high TV tower in the Brixton suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. The remainder of South Africa was initially served by medium wave transmitters, which were essentially localised to the larger centres. A massive drive through the 1960's and 70's saw the roll-out of the FM network to the rest of the country. Much of the original equipment supplied was through technology exchange programmes, meaning that the transmitters were of European design, but manufactured in South Africa. Original networks were based on 3kW tube FM equipment, operating into channel combining equipment to allow the use of a common transmit antenna system, with a gain of around 10-12dB. Sentech embarked on a huge programme in the late 1980's to effect replacement of these ageing FM transmitter and antenna systems. In world terms, it was the single largest contract awarded to a local manufacturer for the supply of FM transmitters.

In South Africa, digital migration still has to happen. Currently, analogue TV occupies the VHF frequencies where digital radio needs to migrate. Once digital migration is done, South Africa will have Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) and listen to digital radio on the DAB system. Digital Terrestrial Television ( DTTV or DTT) is an implementation of digital technology to provide a greater number of channels and/or better quality of picture and Digital Audio Broadcasting ( DAB) also known as Eureka 147, is a Digital radio technology for Broadcasting Radio stations used in For now, virtually all South Africans rely on analogue terrestrial (FM/AM/SW) broadcasts for their radio consumption.

Pretoria Transmitting Station

The main broadcast site for Pretoria is situated west of the city close to the Hartebeespoort Dam - designed to beam signals down into the valley ("moot") formed by the Magaliesberg. The Magaliesberg is a Mountain range extending from Pretoria in the north of the Gauteng Province to a point south of Twelve radio and six TV services are broadcast from this site.

RADIO

TV

Sunnyside Transmitting Station

The Telkom Lukasrand Tower, which dominates the Pretoria skyline, carries four radio services and TV repeaters. Radio 702, currently known as Talk Radio 702, is a commercial FM Radio station based in Johannesburg, South Africa, broadcasting SABC 1 is a South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC public service television channel that carries programming in English and Nguni languages SABC 2 is a South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC television channel that carries programming in English, Afrikaans, the 3 Sesotho SABC3 is a commercial South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC television channel that carries programming in English. M-Net is also the name of a computer bulletin board service operated by Arbornet in Ann Arbor Michigan. etv is the fifth terrestrial Television channel in South Africa, following three channels operated by the state-owned South African Broadcasting Corporation Telkom SA Ltd ( JSE:J653 is a wireline and wireless Telecommunications provider in South Africa.

RADIO

TV

Menlo Park Transmitting Station

This is a repeater station, designed as gap-filler for the eastern parts of Pretoria. Tuks FM is the Radio station of the University of Pretoria and one of South Africa 's most respected community broadcasters SABC 1 is a South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC public service television channel that carries programming in English and Nguni languages SABC 2 is a South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC television channel that carries programming in English, Afrikaans, the 3 Sesotho SABC3 is a commercial South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC television channel that carries programming in English. M-Net is also the name of a computer bulletin board service operated by Arbornet in Ann Arbor Michigan. etv is the fifth terrestrial Television channel in South Africa, following three channels operated by the state-owned South African Broadcasting Corporation

RADIO

TV

Pretoria North Transmitting Station

This is essentially a TV repeater station for the area north of the Magaliesberg. SABC 1 is a South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC public service television channel that carries programming in English and Nguni languages SABC 2 is a South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC television channel that carries programming in English, Afrikaans, the 3 Sesotho SABC3 is a commercial South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC television channel that carries programming in English. M-Net is also the name of a computer bulletin board service operated by Arbornet in Ann Arbor Michigan. etv is the fifth terrestrial Television channel in South Africa, following three channels operated by the state-owned South African Broadcasting Corporation

RADIO

TV

Community Radio Stations on non-Sentech sites

Medium wave (AM) and short wave radio stations

The following medium wave and short wave radio stations can also be heard in Pretoria. Some stations will be clearer at night. Short wave frequencies vary according to time of day. More information is at www.sentech.co.za.

MEDIUM WAVE (AM)

SHORT WAVE (all at Meyerton, Gauteng)

Broadcasts from outside the city

Due to Pretoria's proximity to Johannesburg, most radio services broadcast from the 234m high Sentech Tower in Brixton, Johannesburg can also be heard in the southern parts of Pretoria (where the line of sight is not blocked by the Magaliesberg or ridges) These include:

In certain areas of Pretoria (especially on hilltops) it is also possible to pick up radio stations transmitted from Sentech's sites at Thabazimbi, Limpopo and Middelburg, Mpumalanga.

Pretoria radio at a glance

Excluding the SA Radio League, there are 36 conventional (FM/AM/SW) radio stations available in Pretoria (including those broadcasting from Johannesburg).

Satellite broadcasting

Satellite television broadcasting is provided by South Africa's premier satellite TV provider - Multichoice's DStv and satellite radio broadcasting by WorldSpace Digital Satellite Radio. Digital Satellite Television (also known as DStv) is MultiChoice 's multi-channel digital satellite TV service in Africa, launched in 1995 They utilise the IS-7 Ku-band and the AfriStar satellites respectively. Sentech also does satellite broadcasting via its Vivid system on PanAmSat PAS7 and PAS10 - primarily to distribute feeds to remote transmitter sites and business broadcasting, but the service is also available to the public and offers a small number of TV and radio channels which are not available on other platforms.

Trivia

See also

References

  1. ^ Joburg and satellites dominate economy
  2. ^ Pretoria name change is approved, BBC
  3. ^ SABC pulls 'Tshwane city' ads, News24
  4. ^ SA capital advert row sparks ad-alert threat, IOL
  5. ^ Media can't place Tshwane ads, FIN24
  6. ^ Down with Pretoria signs!: South Africa: Politics: News24

External links

News24 is a South African news website with a largely wire-based offering that brings readers local and international news Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.

Dictionary

Pretoria

-proper noun

  1. The administrative capital of South Africa. South Africa has two other capitals: the legislative capital Cape Town and the judicial capital Bloemfontein.
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