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The President of Turkey (Cumhurbaşkanı) is the head of state of the Republic of Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Politics of Turkey takes place in a framework of a strictly secular parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Prime Politics of Turkey takes place in a framework of a strictly secular parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Prime This is a complete list of Presidents of Turkey consisting of the eleven Heads of state in the country's inception following the Turkish War of Independence Abdullah Gül PhD GCB, (born October 29, 1950) is the 11th President of the Republic of Turkey, serving in that office since This is a chronological list of Prime Ministers of Turkey, since the establishment of that position in 1920, during the Turkish War of Independence. "Erdoğan" redirects here For the Turkish Helicopter Erdoğan see Kamov Ka-50. The cabinet (Council of Ministers of Turkey comprises the heads of the major ministries Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi - TBMM, usually referred to simply as Meclis - "the Parliament" is the Unicameral Köksal Toptan (1943 Rize) is a Turkish politician and served as government minister in three cabinets Political parties in Turkey lists political parties in Turkey. Turkey elects on the national level a Legislature. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) has 550 members elected for The 2000 Turkish presidential election consisted of a first round election on 27 April, 2000 followed by a second round vote on 1 May and a third on The 2007 Turkish presidential election refers to two attempts to elect the country's 11th president, to succeed Ahmet Necdet Sezer. Turkey 's 8th general election was held on October 14, 1973 to select 450 MPs for the new term of TBMM. Turkey 's 9th general election was held on June 5, 1977. Elections took place in the middle of a political race between the right wing party AP and the left Turkey 's 10th general election was held on November 6, 1983. Turkey 's 11th general election was held on October 29, 1987. Turkey's 12th general election was held on October 20, 1991. It was the first by the ruling Motherland Party to be contested without its founding leader Turkey's 13th general election was held on Sunday December 24, 1995, triggered after the newly-reformed Republican People's Party (CHP withdrew from a Turkey's 14th general election was held on Sunday April 18, 1999 and was the first election in Turkish history to combine local council and parliamentary elections Turkey's 15th general election was held on November 3, 2002 following the collapse of the DSP-MHP-ANAP coalition led by Bülent Ecevit. Turkey's 16th general election was held on July 22 2007 and resulted in a resounding victory for the incumbent Justice and Development Party. Foreign relations of the Republic of Turkey are the Turkish government's policies in its external relations with the International community. Turkey's application to acceede to the European Union (previously the European Communities) was made on 14 April 1987 Per article 118 of the Turkish Constitution, the National Security Council ( Turkish: Milli Güvenlik Kurulu (MGK is set up as an advisory organ composed The basics of the legal system in the Republic of Turkey are laid out in Articles 138 to 160 of the 1982 Constitution. The current Constitution of Turkey, ratified in 1982 establishes the organization of the government of the Republic of Turkey and sets out the principles and rules of the Human rights in Turkey are protected by a variety of International law treaties which takes precedence over domestic legislation, according to the 1982 Constitution Secularism in Turkey was introduced with the Turkish Constitution of 1924 and later the Atatürk's Reforms set the administrative and political requirements to create Law enforcement in Turkey is carried out by several departments and agencies all acting under the command of the Prime Minister of Turkey or mostly the Minister of the Turkey is divided into 81 provinces called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i The 81 provinces of Turkey are divided into 923 Districts ( ilçeler; sing The provinces of Turkey are organized into 7 census-defined regions ( bölge) which were originally defined at the First Geography Congress in 1941 Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches In this capacity he represents the Republic of Turkey, and the unity of the Turkish nation; he ensures the implementation of the Turkish constitution, and the organized and harmonious functioning of the organs of state. A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered The current Constitution of Turkey, ratified in 1982 establishes the organization of the government of the Republic of Turkey and sets out the principles and rules of the The articles from 101 to 106 of the constitution establish all the requirements, election, duties and responsibilities for the office of the Prime minister. The office of the President of Turkey was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The first president elected was Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman Current office-holder is the 11th president Abdullah Gül since August 28, 2007. Abdullah Gül PhD GCB, (born October 29, 1950) is the 11th President of the Republic of Turkey, serving in that office since Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
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Qualifications
In order to become President of Turkey, the candidate must have completed higher education, be at least forty years of age, and be a member of the Turkish Grand National Assembly or a Turkish citizen eligible to be a deputy. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi - TBMM, usually referred to simply as Meclis - "the Parliament" is the Unicameral
The president-elect has to sever his relations, if any, with his party, and his status as a member of the Turkish Grand National Assembly must cease.
Election
The election of the president must begin 30 days before the term of office of the incumbent president expires or 10 days after the presidency falls vacant, and must be completed within 30 days of the beginning of the election. Candidates must be declared to the bureau of the parliament within the first 10 days of this period, and elections must be completed within the remaining 20 days. If the parliament is not in session, it must be summoned immediately to meet.
A written proposal by at least one-fifth of the total number of the parliament members is required when a candidate for the presidency from outside the Turkish Grand National Assembly will be nominated.
The president is elected by a two-thirds majority of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly by secret ballot. If a two-thirds majority of the total numbers cannot be obtained in the first two ballots, between which there must be at least a 3-day interval, a third ballot has to be held, and the candidate, who receives the absolute majority of the votes of the total number of members is elected president. If an absolute majority of the votes of the total number of the members is not obtained in the third ballot, a fourth ballot will be held between the two candidates who receive the greatest number of votes in the third ballot; if the president cannot be elected by an absolute majority of the total number in this ballot, new general elections for the Turkish Grand National Assembly must be held immediately.
Term of office
The president is elected for a term of office of 7 years, and can not be elected for a second time.
The term of office of the incumbent president continues until the president-elect takes office.
Oath of office
On assuming office, the president takes the following oath before the parliament:
"In my capacity as President of the Republic, I swear upon my honor and repute before the great Turkish nation and before history to safeguard the existence and independence of the state, the indivisible integrity of country and nation, and the sovereignty of the nation without restriction or stipulation; to abide by the Constitution, the rule of law, democracy, the principles and reforms of Ataturk, and the principle of a secular republic; not to deviate from the ideal of all enjoying human rights and basic freedoms in peace, prosperity and in a spirit of national solidarity and justice; to preserve and enhance the glory and honor of the Republic of Turkey and to work with all my strength to perform with impartiality the functions that I have assumed. "
Duties and responsibilities
Legislative functions
- to deliver, if he deems it necessary, the opening address of the parliament on the first day of the legislative year,
- to summon the parliament to meet, when necessary,
- to promulgate laws,
- to return laws to the parliament to be reconsidered,
- to submit to referendum, if he deems it necessary, legislation regarding amendment of the constitution,
- to appeal to the Constitutional Court for the annulment of certain provisions or the entirety of laws, decrees having the force of law, and the Rules of Procedure of the parliament on the grounds that they are unconstitutional in form or in content,
- to call new elections for the parliament
Executive functions
- to appoint and to accept the resignation of the prime minister,
- to appoint and dismiss ministers upon the proposal of the prime minister,
- to preside over the council of ministers or to call the council of ministers to meet under his chairmanship whenever he deems it necessary,
- to accredit representatives of the Turkish State to foreign states, and to receive the representatives of foreign states appointed to the Republic of Turkey,
- to ratify and promulgate international treaties,
- to represent the Supreme Military Command of the Turkish Armed Forces on behalf of the Turkish Grand National Assembly,
- to decide on the mobilization of the Turkish Armed Forces,
- to appoint the Chief of the General Staff,
- to call the National Security Council to meet,
- to preside over the National Security Council,
- to proclaim martial law or state of emergency, and to issue decrees having the force of law, upon a decision of the council of ministers meeting under his chairmanship,
- to sign decrees,
- to grant full or partial clemency, on grounds of chronic illness, disability, or old age, all or part of the sentences imposed on certain individuals
- to appoint the members and the chairman of the State Supervisory Council,
- to instruct the State Supervisory Council to carry out inquiries, investigations and inspections,
- to appoint the members of the Higher Education Council,
- to appoint rectors of universities. This is a chronological list of Prime Ministers of Turkey, since the establishment of that position in 1920, during the Turkish War of Independence. The Turkish Armed Forces (TAF (Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri or TSK consist of the Army, the Navy (including naval aviation and naval infantry and the Air Force The Chief of the General Staff in Turkey is a military officer of the rank of General who presides over the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Per article 118 of the Turkish Constitution, the National Security Council ( Turkish: Milli Güvenlik Kurulu (MGK is set up as an advisory organ composed This is a list of Universities in Turkey. There are currently ninety-seven universities and
Judiciary functions
- to appoint the members of the Constitutional Court, one-fourth of the members of the Council of State, the Chief Public Prosecutor and the Deputy Chief Public Prosecutor of the Higher Court of Appeals, the members of the Military High Court of Appeals, the members of the Supreme Military Administrative Court and the members of the Supreme Council of Judges and Public Prosecutors.
The president performs also the duties of selection and appointment, and other duties conferred by the constitution and laws.
Accountability and non-accountability
All presidential decrees, except those which the president is empowered to enact on his own without the signatures of the prime minister and the minister concerned, in accordance with the provisions of the constitution and other laws, must be signed by the prime minister, and the ministers concerned. The prime minister and the ministers concerned are accountable for these decrees. The decisions and orders signed by the president on his own initiatives may not be appealed against to any judicial authority, including the Constitutional Court. The president may be impeached for high treason on the proposal of at least one-third of the total number of the members of the parliament, and by the decision of at least three-fourths of the total number of the members.
Acting president
In the event of a temporary absence of the president on account of illness, travel abroad or similar circumstances, the speaker of the parliament serves as acting president, and exercises the powers of the president until the president resumes his functions, and in the event that the presidency falls vacant as a result of death or resignation or for any other reason, until the election of a new president. Following is a list of speakership of the Parliament of Turkey.
See also
- Çankaya Köşkü Presidency of the Republic of Turkey
- List of Presidents of Turkey
References
Çankaya Köşkü is the Official residence of the President of Turkey. This is a complete list of Presidents of Turkey consisting of the eleven Heads of state in the country's inception following the Turkish War of IndependenceDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic