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President of
Finland

Presidential Standard
Incumbent:
Tarja Halonen
took office: March 1, 2000
Term length 6 years
Inaugural Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg
Formation July 27, 1919
Website www.presidentti.fi
Republic of Finland

This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
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The President of Finland is the Head of State of Finland. Tarja Kaarina Halonen ( pronounced) (born 24 December 1943 is the current President of Finland. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Term of office refers to the length of time a person (usually a politician serves in a particular office An inauguration is a ceremony of formal Investiture whereby an individual assumes an office or position of authority or power Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg ( January 28, 1865 – September 22, 1952) was a prominent Jurist and Academic, who played a Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Politics of Finland takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic Republic and of a multi-party system Finland is a Republic with a Representative democracy governed according to the principles of Parliamentarism. For the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Finland see Swedish Constitution of 1772 The Constitution of Finland (in Finnish The Finnish declaration of independence was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. Human rights in Finland are protected by extensive domestic safeguards in addition to the country's active membership in most international human rights treaties. Politics of Finland takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic Republic and of a multi-party system The President of Finland is the Head of State of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the President and the Tarja Kaarina Halonen ( pronounced) (born 24 December 1943 is the current President of Finland. The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. Matti Taneli Vanhanen ( (born November 4 1955) is the current Prime Minister of Finland, as well as Chairman of the Centre Party. The Council of State ( Finnish: Valtioneuvosto Swedish: Statsrådet; officially rendered Finnish Government) is Finland The Council of State ( Finnish: Valtioneuvosto Swedish: Statsrådet; officially rendered Finnish Government) is Finland The Eduskunta (in Finnish) or the Riksdag (in Swedish) is the Parliament of Finland. The Speaker of the Parliament of Finland ( Finnish Eduskunnan puhemies, Swedish Riksdagens talman) along with two Deputy Speakers is elected Sauli Väinämö Niinistö (born August 24, 1948, Salo, Finland) is the Speaker of the Parliament of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay Under the Constitution of Finland, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay The Supreme Court of Finland (korkein oikeus högsta domstolen located in Helsinki, consists of a President and 18 other Justices usually working in five-judge panels Under the Constitution of Finland, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay Under the Constitution of Finland, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay Under the Constitution of Finland, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay The Supreme Administrative Court of Finland (korkein hallinto-oikeus högsta förvaltningsdomstolen is the highest court in the Finnish administrative court system, parallel Under the Constitution of Finland, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay The Prosecutor General of Finland (Finnish Valtakunnansyyttäjä) is the supreme prosecutor and the head of the prosecution service Matti Kuusimäki (born May 3, 1943 in Turku, Finland) is the current Prosecutor General of Finland (in office since 1997 The Chancellor of Justice of Finland (Finnish Oikeuskansleri, Swedish Justitiekanslern) is a Finnish government official who supervises authorities' (such Elections in Finland gives information on Election and election results in Finland. Results The European Parliament election of 1996 in Finland was the first election of the finnish delegation to the European Parliament. Results The European Parliament election of 1999 in Finland was the election of the delegation from Finland to the European Parliament in 1999. The 2003 Finnish parliamentary election was held on Sunday 16 March 2003, with the aim of determining the composition of the Finnish Parliament The European Parliament election of 2004 in Finland was the election of MEP representing Finland constituency for the 2004-2009 term of the European Parliament The 2006 Finnish Presidential election saw the re-election of Tarja Halonen as President of Finland for a second six-year term The 2007 Finnish parliamentary election was held on March 18 2007. |||}As of 1 January 2005, Finland is divided into 6 provinces ( Finnish lääni, Swedish Län The state of Finland consists of 6 provinces ( Finnish: läänit, Swedish: län) Finland is divided into 20 regions ( maakunta in Finnish, landskap in Swedish) In 2005 Finland is divided into 77 sub-regions ( seutukunta in Finnish, ekonomisk region in Swedish) ||-||}The municipalities ( kunta in Finnish, kommun in Swedish) represent the local level of administration in Finland and Political parties in Finland lists political parties in Finland. The Centre Party (in Finnish: Suomen Keskusta, Kesk, in Swedish: Centern i Finland, C) is a centrist The National Coalition Party (in Finnish Kansallinen Kokoomus, Kok The Social Democratic Party of Finland (in Finnish: Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue, SDP) is one of the most influential political parties This article refers to the political party for the university environmental performance table see The People & Planet Green League The Green League (in The Left Alliance ( Vasemmistoliitto or Vänsterförbundet) is a green socialist political party in Finland. The Christian Democrats (Kristillisdemokraatit KD; Kristdemokraterna is a political party in Finland. True Finns ( Perussuomalaiset in Finnish or Sannfinländarna in Swedish) is a political party in Finland, founded in 1995 The Swedish Peoples' Party (Svenska folkpartiet (SFP Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue (RKP is a Swedish-speaking minority and mainly liberal party in Finland According to the latest constitution of 2000 the President (currently Tarja Halonen) leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government (currently Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen This is a list of ambassadors from Finland. Note that some Ambassadors are responsible for more than one country while others are directly accredited from Helsinki The European Union is a unique entity possessing elements of Intergovernmentalism, Supranationalism and a Multi-party Parliamentary democracy Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. For the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Finland see Swedish Constitution of 1772 The Constitution of Finland (in Finnish The President is elected directly by the people for a term of six years. Since 1991, no President may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The President must be a native-born Finnish citizen. Citizenship in Finland can be obtained on the basis of birth Marriage of parents Adoption, or the place of birth The office was established by the Constitution Act of 1919. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The current office-holder is President Tarja Halonen. Tarja Kaarina Halonen ( pronounced) (born 24 December 1943 is the current President of Finland.

Officially the President is known as President of the Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavallan presidentti; Swedish: Republiken Finlands president) or President of the Republic. Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the This is in contrast to the former presidents, who retain the title "President".

Contents

Election

Candidates for president can be nominated by registered parties which have received at least one seat in the preceding parliamentary election. A candidate may also be nominated by 20,000 enfranchised citizens. Between 1919 and 1988, the President was elected indirectly by an electoral college made up of electors chosen by voters in the presidential election. An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. In the 1988 presidential election, a direct and an indirect election were conducted in parallel: if no candidate could gain majority, the President was elected by an electoral college formed in the same elections. Since 1994, the President has been elected by a direct popular vote.

If only one candidate is nominated, he or she becomes President without an election. Otherwise, the first round of balloting takes place on the second Sunday of January in the election year. The elections are two-staged. If one of the candidates receives more than half of the votes cast, he or she is elected President. If no candidate wins the majority in the first stage, the top two candidates rerun in the second stage three weeks later. The candidate who then receives more votes is elected. In the event of a tie, the election is resolved by lot. The Council of State confirms the outcome of the election and, if necessary, conducts the drawing of lots. The Council of State ( Finnish: Valtioneuvosto Swedish: Statsrådet; officially rendered Finnish Government) is Finland The President assumes office on the first day of the month following the election (either February 1 or March 1 depending on whether there were one or two rounds). Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant

There have been several exceptional presidential elections. The first President, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, was chosen by the Parliament due to the transition rule of the constitution. Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg ( January 28, 1865 – September 22, 1952) was a prominent Jurist and Academic, who played a The Eduskunta (in Finnish) or the Riksdag (in Swedish) is the Parliament of Finland. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity In 1940 and 1943, the 1937 electoral college chose the President, as it was felt that a popular election could not be arranged due to the Continuation War. An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. The Continuation War (Jatkosota Fortsättningskriget Советско-финская война ( 25 June 1941 &ndash 19 September 1944) In 1944 special legislation directly stipulated that Marshal Mannerheim be elected President for six years after Risto Ryti had resigned mid-term. Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim ( IPA: ˡkɑːrl ˡɡɵstɑf ˡeːmil ˡmɑnːərhe͡im ( June 4, 1867 &ndash January 27, 1951 Risto Heikki Ryti ( February 3, 1889 - October 25, 1956) was the President of Finland from 1940 to 1944 In 1946, special legislation empowered the Parliament to choose a successor for the remainder of Mannerheim’s term (until 1950), the latter having resigned. Parliament then chose Prime Minister Juho Kusti Paasikivi as President. Juho Kusti Paasikivi juho kusti pɑsikiʋi ( November 27, 1870 &ndash December 14, 1956) was the 7th President of Finland (1946–1956 In 1973, special legislation extended President Urho Kekkonen’s term by four years until 1978, when he was re-elected regularly. Kekkonen redirects here For other uses see Kekkonen (disambiguation.

e•d Summary of the 15 and 29 January 2006 Finnish presidential election results
Candidate Nominating party Votes 1st round % Votes 2nd round %
Tarja Halonen Social Democratic Party 1,397,030 46. The 2006 Finnish Presidential election saw the re-election of Tarja Halonen as President of Finland for a second six-year term Tarja Kaarina Halonen ( pronounced) (born 24 December 1943 is the current President of Finland. The Social Democratic Party of Finland (in Finnish: Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue, SDP) is one of the most influential political parties 3 1,630,833 51. 8
Sauli Niinistö National Coalition Party 725,866 24. Sauli Väinämö Niinistö (born August 24, 1948, Salo, Finland) is the Speaker of the Parliament of Finland. The National Coalition Party (in Finnish Kansallinen Kokoomus, Kok 1 1,517,947 48. 2
Matti Vanhanen Centre Party 561,990 18. Matti Taneli Vanhanen ( (born November 4 1955) is the current Prime Minister of Finland, as well as Chairman of the Centre Party. The Centre Party (in Finnish: Suomen Keskusta, Kesk, in Swedish: Centern i Finland, C) is a centrist 6
Heidi Hautala Green League 105,248 3. Heidi Anneli Hautala (born 14 November 1955 in Oulu) is a Finnish politician This article refers to the political party for the university environmental performance table see The People & Planet Green League The Green League (in 5
Timo Soini True Finns 103,492 3. Timo Juhani Soini (born 30 May 1962 Rauma, Finland) is the leader of the True Finns party and since 2003 a member of the Parliament True Finns ( Perussuomalaiset in Finnish or Sannfinländarna in Swedish) is a political party in Finland, founded in 1995 4
Bjarne Kallis Christian Democrats 61,483 2. Johan Bjarne Kallis (born March 21 1945 in Kokkola) is the former chairman of the Christian Democratic Party (KD previously known as the Finnish The Christian Democrats (Kristillisdemokraatit KD; Kristdemokraterna is a political party in Finland. 0
Henrik Lax Swedish People's Party 48,703 1. Henrik Lax (born Rolf Henrik Richard Lax on 6 May 1946 in Helsinki) is a Finnish Politician and Member of the European The Swedish Peoples' Party (Svenska folkpartiet (SFP Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue (RKP is a Swedish-speaking minority and mainly liberal party in Finland 6
Arto Lahti Independent 12,989 0. Arto Henrikki Lahti (born 3 May 1949 in Merikarvia, Finland) is a professor of Entrepreneurship at the Helsinki School of Economics In Politics, an independent is a Politician who is not Affiliated with any Political party. 4
Source: First round Ministry of Justice, total [3]

Inauguration

The President-elect, accompanied by the Speaker of the Parliament and the outgoing President, assumes office on the first day of the month following the election by making a solemn affirmation in both Finnish and Swedish at a ceremony in Parliament House. The Speaker of the Parliament of Finland ( Finnish Eduskunnan puhemies, Swedish Riksdagens talman) along with two Deputy Speakers is elected Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the The Eduskuntatalo (in Finnish) or Riksdagshuset (in Swedish) is the building in which the Parliament of Finland meets The affirmation is specified in Section 56 of the Constitution:

The term of the President-elect begins and that of their predecessor ends at the moment the solemn affirmation has been made (about 12:20 on the day of the inauguration). After the inauguration, the new President, accompanied by his or her predecessor, inspects the Guard of Honour outside Parliament House.

The President is formally styled as His/Her Excellency the President of the Republic of Finland (Suomen Tasavallan Presidentti; Republiken Finlands President). A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the

Duties and powers

The Presidential Palace, Helsinki (April 2007)
The Presidential Palace, Helsinki (April 2007)

The President’s functions and powers are directly defined in the Constitution. The Presidential Palace in Helsinki (in Finnish Presidentinlinna; in Swedish Presidentens slott) is one of the official residences In addition to those specified there, the President also discharges functions assigned to him or her in other laws. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the President and the Council of State, which must enjoy the confidence of Parliament. The Council of State ( Finnish: Valtioneuvosto Swedish: Statsrådet; officially rendered Finnish Government) is Finland This principle is reflected in other provisions of the Constitution concerning the President’s functions and powers dealing with legislation, decrees, and appointment of public officials. Custom dictates that the President upon taking office renounce any party affiliation, so that he or she may be seen as neutral in regard to party politics.

Presidential Sessions of the Government

The President of the Republic makes official decisions during Presidential sessions of the Government, which are usually held at 11am every Friday. The President takes decisions in these sessions on the basis of a presentation by the minister to whose portfolio the item for decision belongs. Presidential sessions are chaired by the President.

All the ministers attend presidential sessions of the Government. Also present are the Chancellor of Justice or the Deputy Chancellor of Justice, plus the Secretary to Government Sessions, who keeps the minutes. As the President of the Republic alone takes the decisions at presidential sessions, no vote is taken on business presented. During the summer, presidential sessions are not held every week, and they may also be held at Kultaranta, the President's summer residence in Naantali. The Kultaranta or Gullranda Castle ("Golden beach castle" is the summer residence of the President of Finland. Naantali (ˈnɑːntɑli (Swedish Nådendal) is a city in south-western Finland, known as one of the most important tourist centres of the

Ordering premature parliamentary elections

Upon the proposal of the Prime Minister, the President may, having consulted the parliamentary groups and while Parliament is in session, order the holding of premature parliamentary election. The new Parliament is chosen for a normal four-year term. Parliament itself may decide when to end its session before the election day. From 1919 to 1991 the President’s power to order a premature election was unqualified and he could do so when he considered it necessary. Presidents have ordered premature parliamentary elections on seven occasions. The President declares each Annual Session of Parliament open and closes the last Annual Session. This is done in a speech at each opening and closing ceremony.

Appointing and discharging ministers

The Prime Minister and other members of the government are appointed and discharged by the President. The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. After parliamentary elections or in any other situation where the Government has resigned, the President, taking into account the result of consultations between the parliamentary groups and having heard the view of the Speaker, submits to Parliament his or her nominee for Prime Minister. If confirmed by Parliament with a majority of the votes cast, the President then proceeds to appoint the Prime Minister and other ministers designated by him or her. The President is constitutionally required to dismiss a Government or any minister as soon as they have lost the confidence of Parliament.

Appointing powers

The President appoints:

Presidents have used these powers publicly, even against the internal recommendation of the agency. The Bank of Finland (Suomen Pankki Finlands Bank is the Central bank of Finland.

In addition, the Presidents appoints or gives commission to:

International relations

The President conducts Finland’s foreign policy in co-operation with the Council of State. The Finnish Defence Forces is responsible for defence of Finland. The Border Guard ( Finnish: Rajavartiolaitos, Swedish: Gränsbevakningsväsendet) of Finland is the Finnish security authority The provisions of treaties and other international obligations that affect domestic legislation are implemented by acts of Parliament. Otherwise, international obligations are implemented by a Presidential decree. Decisions on war and peace are taken by the President with the assent of Parliament.

Legislation

The President must sign and approve all acts adopted by Parliament before they become law. He or she must decide on ratification within three months of receiving the act and may request an opinion from the Supreme Court or the Supreme Administrative Court before giving assent. Should the President refuse assent or fail to decide on the matter in time, Parliament reconsiders the act and can readopt it with a majority of votes cast. The act will then enter into force without ratification. If Parliament fails to readopt the act, it is deemed to have lapsed. Presidential vetoes are generally successful in preventing the bill becoming law.

Presidential pardon

In single cases, the President has the power of pardon from any imprisonment, fine, or forfeiture. General pardon requires an Act of Parliament.

The power of pardon has effectively become the instrument to limit "life imprisonments" to 12 years or more, since successive Presidents have eventually given pardon to all felons. The President, however, retains the power to deny pardon. In autumn 2006, the regular paroling of convicts serving a life sentence power was transferred to the Helsinki Court of Appeals, and the peculiar arrangement, where the President exercises judicial power, ended. The presidential power of giving pardon is, however, retained, although its use will diminish.

Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces

The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces, but may delegate this position to another Finnish citizen. The Finnish Defence Forces is responsible for defence of Finland. Delegation of the position of Commander-in-Chief is an exception to the principle that the President cannot delegate functions to others. The President commissions officers and decides on the mobilisation of the Defence Forces. If Parliament is not in session when a decision to mobilise is taken, it must be immediately convened. As Commander-in-Chief the President has the power to issue military orders concerning general guidelines for military defence, significant changes in military preparedness and the principles according to which military defence is implemented.

Decisions concerning military orders are made by the President in conjunction with the Prime Minister, and the Minister of Defence. The President decides on military appointments in conjunction with the Minister of Defence.

Emergency Powers

Under the Preparedness Act, in exceptional circumstances the President may issue a decree authorising the Government to exercise emergency powers for up to one year at a time. The decree must be submitted to Parliament for its approval. Should the powers available under the Preparedness Act prove inadequate in an emergency, additional powers can be assumed under the State of Defence Act. The President may declare a state of defence by decree for a maximum of three months initially. If necessary, it can be extended for a maximum of one year at a time. A state of defence may also be declared in a region of the country. The decree must be submitted to Parliament for approval.

Decorations

Arms of President of the Republic Tarja Halonen
Arms of President of the Republic Tarja Halonen
Main article: Orders, decorations, and medals of Finland

The President, as Grand Master, awards decorations and medals belonging to the Order of the White Rose of Finland, the Order of the Lion of Finland and the Order of the Cross of Liberty to Finnish and foreign citizens. The orders decorations and medals of Finland form a rather complicated system through which the Finnish government shows its respect to persons who have distinguished themselves on some The Order of the White Rose of Finland ( Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the There are three official orders in Finland: the Order of the Cross of Liberty, the Order of the White Rose of Finland and the Order of the Lion of There are three official orders in Finland: the Order of the Cross of Liberty ( Vapaudenristin ritarikunta) the Order of the White Rose of Finland Likewise, titles of honor are awarded by the president; these include, for example, Professor and different Counsellor titles. These titles are symbolic, carry no responsibilities and have a similar role as knighting in monarchies. Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. The highest titles are valtioneuvos (statesman) and vuorineuvos (industrial). Valtioneuvos ("Councillor of State" is a Finnish title of honor awarded by the President for statesmen. Vuorineuvos (bergsråd is a Finnish honorary title granted by the President of Finland to leading industry figures

The current President of the Republic had a coat of arms designed shortly after entering office. The arms are surrounded by Sweden's highest decoration, Order of the Seraphim.

Speeches

The President makes a number of important public speeches and statements each year. The most notable of these are the annual New Year’s Speech on 1 January, and the speech at the opening of each annual session of Parliament.

List of Presidents of Finland

# Image Name Born-died Took Office Left Office Party Notes
1. Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg 1865-1952 July 27, 1919 March 1, 1925 National Progressive Party (ED) Chairman of the Parliament in 1914-1917, elected President by the Parliament in 1919
2. Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg ( January 28, 1865 – September 22, 1952) was a prominent Jurist and Academic, who played a Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Progressive Party ( Kansallinen Edistyspuolue) was a liberal Political party in Finland from 1918 to 1951 Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Eduskunta (in Finnish) or the Riksdag (in Swedish) is the Parliament of Finland. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Lauri Kristian Relander 1883-1942 March 1, 1925 March 1, 1931 Agrarian League (ML) (later re-named Centre Party (KESK)) Chairman of the Parliament in 1919-1920, elected President by Electoral college in 1925
3. Lauri Kristian Relander ( May 31, 1883 &ndash February 9, 1942) was the second President of Finland (1925-1931 Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Centre Party (in Finnish: Suomen Keskusta, Kesk, in Swedish: Centern i Finland, C) is a centrist The Centre Party (in Finnish: Suomen Keskusta, Kesk, in Swedish: Centern i Finland, C) is a centrist Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud 1861-1944 March 1, 1931 March 1, 1937 National Coalition Party (KOK) Chairman of the Parliament in 1907-1912, Regent (Interim Head of State) of Finland in 1918; Prime Minister in 1917-1918 and 1930-1931, elected President by Electoral college in 1931
4. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad ( December 15, 1861 &ndash February 29, 1944) was the President of Finland from 1931 to 1937 Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Coalition Party (in Finnish Kansallinen Kokoomus, Kok Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kyösti Kallio 1873-1940 March 1, 1937 19 December 1940 Agrarian League (ML) Chairman of the Parliament in 1920-1921, 1922, 1924-1925, 1929 and 1930-1936, Prime Minister in 1922-1924, 1925-1926, 1929-1930 and 1936-1937, elected President by Electoral college in 1937, resigned in 1940 because of poor health. Kyösti Kallio kyøsti kallio ( April 10, 1873 &ndash December 19, 1940) was the fourth President of Finland (1937-1940 Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Centre Party (in Finnish: Suomen Keskusta, Kesk, in Swedish: Centern i Finland, C) is a centrist Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
5. Risto Ryti 1889-1956 19 December 1940 (acting for Kallio from November 27, 1940) August 4, 1944 National Progressive Party (ED) Prime Minister in 1939-1940 and during his Presidential term in 1940-1941; elected President by Electoral college in 1940; re-elected in 1943; resigned in 1944
6. Risto Heikki Ryti ( February 3, 1889 - October 25, 1956) was the President of Finland from 1940 to 1944 Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Progressive Party ( Kansallinen Edistyspuolue) was a liberal Political party in Finland from 1918 to 1951 The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim 1867-1951 August 4, 1944 March 8, 1946 Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces / Non-Party Regent (Interim Head of State) of Finland in 1918-1919; elected President in 1944 by the Parliament; resigned in 1946
7. Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim ( IPA: ˡkɑːrl ˡɡɵstɑf ˡeːmil ˡmɑnːərhe͡im ( June 4, 1867 &ndash January 27, 1951 Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Eduskunta (in Finnish) or the Riksdag (in Swedish) is the Parliament of Finland. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Juho Kusti Paasikivi 1870-1956 March 8, 1946 March 1, 1956 National Coalition Party (KOK) Prime Minister in 1918 and 1944-1946; elected President by the Parliament in 1946 and re-elected by Electoral college in 1950
8. Juho Kusti Paasikivi juho kusti pɑsikiʋi ( November 27, 1870 &ndash December 14, 1956) was the 7th President of Finland (1946–1956 Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Coalition Party (in Finnish Kansallinen Kokoomus, Kok The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Eduskunta (in Finnish) or the Riksdag (in Swedish) is the Parliament of Finland. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Urho Kekkonen 1900-1986 March 1, 1956 January 27, 1982 Agrarian League (ML) /Centre Party (KESK) Chairman of the Parliament in 1948-1950, Prime Minister in 1950-1953 and 1954-1956, elected President by Electoral college in 1956 and re-elected in 1962, 1968 and in 1978; resigned in 1981 owing to poor health, whereupon Prime Minister Mauno Koivisto became acting President. Kekkonen redirects here For other uses see Kekkonen (disambiguation. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) The Centre Party (in Finnish: Suomen Keskusta, Kesk, in Swedish: Centern i Finland, C) is a centrist The Centre Party (in Finnish: Suomen Keskusta, Kesk, in Swedish: Centern i Finland, C) is a centrist Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981
9. Mauno Koivisto 1923- January 27, 1982 (acting for Kekkonen from September 11, 1981) March 1, 1994 Social Democratic Party (SDP) Prime Minister in 1968-1970 and in 1979-1982; elected President by Electoral college in 1982 and re-elected in 1988. Mauno Henrik Koivisto mɑuno henrik koiʋisto (born November 25, 1923) was the President of Finland from 1982 to 1994 Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The Social Democratic Party of Finland (in Finnish: Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue, SDP) is one of the most influential political parties The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar)
10. Martti Ahtisaari 1937- March 1, 1994 March 1, 2000 Social Democratic Party (SDP) Elected directly as President in 1994
11. Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari ( pronounced) (born on June 23 1937 is a former President of Finland (1994–2000 2008 Nobel Peace Prize winner and Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Social Democratic Party of Finland (in Finnish: Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue, SDP) is one of the most influential political parties Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Tarja Halonen 1943- March 1, 2000 Present Social Democratic Party (SDP) Elected as the first female President of Finland in 2000; re-elected in 2006

Living former Presidents

Currently, there are two living former Presidents of the Republic:

Official Residences

The President has the use of three properties for residential and hospitality purposes: the Presidential Palace and Mäntyniemi, both in Helsinki, and Kultaranta in Naantali on the west coast. Tarja Kaarina Halonen ( pronounced) (born 24 December 1943 is the current President of Finland. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Social Democratic Party of Finland (in Finnish: Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue, SDP) is one of the most influential political parties 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Mauno Henrik Koivisto mɑuno henrik koiʋisto (born November 25, 1923) was the President of Finland from 1982 to 1994 Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari ( pronounced) (born on June 23 1937 is a former President of Finland (1994–2000 2008 Nobel Peace Prize winner and The Presidential Palace in Helsinki (in Finnish Presidentinlinna; in Swedish Presidentens slott) is one of the official residences Mäntyniemi ( Talludden in Swedish) is one of the three Official residences of the President of Finland besides the Presidential Palace Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. The Kultaranta or Gullranda Castle ("Golden beach castle" is the summer residence of the President of Finland. Naantali (ˈnɑːntɑli (Swedish Nådendal) is a city in south-western Finland, known as one of the most important tourist centres of the

Incapacity and succession

Part of a series on:
Orders of Succession
Presidencies

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Brazil
People's Republic of China
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Germany
India
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Philippines
Poland
Portugal
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Sri Lanka
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see also:
Monarchies
Former Monarchies
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The President of Finland has no vice president. An order of succession is a formula or algorithm that determines who inherits an office upon the death resignation or removal of its current occupant President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. The President of Argentina (full title President of the Argentine Nation, Spanish: Presidente de la Nación Argentina) is the Head of state The Austrian Federal President ( German language: Österreichischer Bundespräsident) is the federal Head of state of Austria. The presidential line of succession defines who may become or act as Constitutional President of the Republic of Brazil upon the incapacity resignation death or by judge trial The President of the People's Republic of China ( literally Chairman of the Chinese People's Republic or abbreviated Guójiā Zhǔxí 国家主席 literally State Chairman The President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Président de la République démocratique du Congo Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo Mokonzi wa Republíki ya Kongó Demokratíki The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected The President of Finland is the Head of State of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the President and the The President of Germany (deutscher Bundespräsident is Germany 's Head of state. The President of India or Rashtrapati ( Hindi: राष्ट्रपति a Sanskrit Neologism, lit The President of Ireland (Uachtarán na hÉireann n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ is the Head of state of Ireland. The President of the Republic of Korea is according to the Constitution head of state chief executive of the government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces The Constitutional Citizen President of the United Mexican States (the official title in Spanish is Ciudadano Presidente Constitucional de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos The President of Pakistan ( Urdū: صدر Sadr-e-Mumlikat) is the Head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The presidential line of succession who may become or act as Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru upon the incapacity resignation death or by judge trial The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. The Acting President of the Republic of Poland ( Pełniący Obowiązki Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, shorter P The Portuguese presidential line of succession defines who may become or act as Constitutional President of the Portuguese Republic upon the incapacity The President of Romania is the Head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a Two-round system for a five-year term (since 2004 The presidential line of succession who may become or act as President of Sri Lanka upon the incapacity resignation or death of a current President The presidential line of succession defines who may become or act as President of the United States upon the incapacity death resignation or removal from office (by Impeachment __FORCETOC__ For the Vice President of the United States, their roles and other information see Vice President of the United States. If the President is temporarily prevented from performing his or her duties, the Prime Minister or the Deputy Prime Minister becomes Acting President until the President’s incapacity ceases. If the President dies or if the Government declares that the President is permanently unable to carry out his or her duties, a new President is elected as soon as possible. If the President and the Prime Minister are both temporarily unavailable, the most senior ministers of the government, in years of service, become Acting Presidents.

Impeachment

If the Chancellor of Justice, the Parliamentary Ombudsman or the Council of State deem that the President of the Republic is guilty of treason or high treason, or a crime against humanity, the matter shall be communicated to the Parliament. The Council of State ( Finnish: Valtioneuvosto Swedish: Statsrådet; officially rendered Finnish Government) is Finland If the Parliament, by three fourths of the votes cast, decides that charges are to be brought, the Prosecutor-General prosecutes the President in the High Court of Impeachment and the President abstains from office for the duration of the proceedings.

The Independence Day reception

The traditional Independence Day Reception at the Presidential Palace on December 6 is one of the key annual events in the Presidential calendar. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev It originated as a celebration of Finland's national independence and pride, and although nowadays it is seen by some as a glorified social party, the reception is broadcast every year on television and draws a large viewing audience. The number of guests invited has varied from about 1,600 to 2,000.

The history of the Independence Day reception stretches back to 1919, when the first afternoon reception was held at the Presidential Palace. The Presidential Palace in Helsinki (in Finnish Presidentinlinna; in Swedish Presidentens slott) is one of the official residences In 1922, President and Mrs Ståhlberg hosted the first evening reception at the Presidential Palace, with the reception beginning at nine o' clock. Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg ( January 28, 1865 – September 22, 1952) was a prominent Jurist and Academic, who played a Guests included the Government, diplomats, Members of Parliament, high-ranking officers, senior civil servants, artists and other prominent people. Music and dancing were on the programme and the reception lasted until late at night. Similar receptions have been held ever since, though less regularly in the beginning.

Since 1946 the Independence Day reception has taken place at the Presidential Palace every year with four exceptions. In 1952 it was cancelled on account of President Paasikivi's illness. In 1972 it was held at Finlandia Hall in connection with the Independence Day concert, with the Prime Minister as host, because the Presidential Palace was being renovated. Finlandia Hall is a Concert hall with a Congress wing in Helsinki, Finland, by Töölönlahti bay In 1974 it was cancelled on account of the death of President Kekkonen's wife. In 1981 it was held at Finlandia Hall after the Independence Day concert, with Deputy Prime Minister Eino Uusitalo as host, because President Kekkonen was in poor health.

The President and their spouse greet the guests individually in the State Hall at the beginning of the evening. Later on there is dancing, with music provided by the Guards Band. There is also a traditional buffet.

History

After Finland's independence and the Civil War in Finland the matter of whether Finland should be a republic or a constitutional monarchy was much debated (see Frederick Charles of Hesse), and the outcome was a compromise: a rather monarchy-like, strong presidency with great powers over Finland's foreign affairs, the appointment of the Council of State and the officers of the civil service. The Finnish Civil War was a part of the national and social turmoil caused by World War I (1914&ndash1918 in Europe A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is Frederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel ( May 1, 1868, Gut Panker &ndash May 28 According to the latest constitution of 2000 the President (currently Tarja Halonen) leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government (currently Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen The Council of State ( Finnish: Valtioneuvosto Swedish: Statsrådet; officially rendered Finnish Government) is Finland See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis The Constitution was changed in 2000, to redistribute some of this power to the Parliament and the Council of State. The new constitution specifies how the principles of Parliamentarism are to be followed (although Finland's presidents have done so since 1937 nonetheless). A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which

Pre-Presidential Heads of State

From the date of Finland's independence on December 6, 1917 until the end of the Finnish Civil War in May 1918, Per Evind Svinhufvud was the head of state of White Finland in his capacity as Chairman of the Senate. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Finnish Civil War was a part of the national and social turmoil caused by World War I (1914&ndash1918 in Europe White Finland is an often-used term referring to one of the two parties in the Finnish Civil War (January to May 1918 the other one being 'the Reds' or the Finnish Socialist The Senate of Finland combined the functions of Cabinet and Supreme court in the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1816 to 1917 and in the independent Republic His counterpart in the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic was Otto Ville Kuusinen. The Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Suomen sosialistinen työväentasavalta Finlands socialistiska arbetarrepubliken was a short-lived Finnish socialist government Between May 1918 and July 1919, Finland had two Regents (or Protectors of State) and, for a time, an elected King, although the latter renounced the throne:

See also

External links

Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim ( IPA: ˡkɑːrl ˡɡɵstɑf ˡeːmil ˡmɑnːərhe͡im ( June 4, 1867 &ndash January 27, 1951 Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The 2006 Finnish Presidential election saw the re-election of Tarja Halonen as President of Finland for a second six-year term This is a list of the monarchs of Finland until it became a Republic in 1919; that is the Kings of Sweden with Regents and The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. Politics of Finland takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic Republic and of a multi-party system The Eduskunta (in Finnish) or the Riksdag (in Swedish) is the Parliament of Finland. Finland is a Republic with a Representative democracy governed according to the principles of Parliamentarism. The Council of State ( Finnish: Valtioneuvosto Swedish: Statsrådet; officially rendered Finnish Government) is Finland Elections in Finland gives information on Election and election results in Finland. Political parties in Finland lists political parties in Finland. WikipediaPage size suggests not to divide this as it's a list
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