The praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope. The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames A zoetrope is a device that produces an illusion of action from a rapid succession of static pictures It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Charles-Émile Reynaud ( December 8 1844 &ndash January 9 1918) was a French science teacher responsible for the first animated Like the zoetrope, it used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned. Someone looking in the mirrors would therefore see a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, with a brighter and less distorted picture than the zoetrope offered.

In 1889 Reynaud developed the Théâtre Optique, an improved version capable of projecting images on a screen from a longer roll of pictures. The Théâtre Optique was a moving picture show presented by Charles-Émile Reynaud in 1892 This allowed him to show hand-drawn animated cartoons to larger audiences, but it was soon eclipsed in popularity by the photographic film projector of the Lumière brothers. The word cartoon has various meanings based on several very different forms of Visual art and Illustration.

A 20th century adaptation of the praxinoscope were Red Raven Magic Mirror and records. A gramophone The mirror surfaced carousel sits on a spindle in the center of a record player. When the special 78 rpm picture records are played the images printed around the paper label animate. (See Unusual types of gramophone records)

The word "praxinoscope" comes from Greek roots meaning "action viewer". The overwhelming majority of records manufactured have been of certain sizes (7 10 or 12 inches playback speeds (33⅓ 45 or 78 RPM and appearance (round black discs

See also

• Electrotachyscope
• Episcotister
• Flip book
• Kinetoscope
• Phenakistoscope
• Strobe light
• Tachometer
• Thaumatrope
• Zoetrope
• Zoopraxiscope

External links

• A picture and further information
• Praxinoscopes: Kenyon College Department of Physics
• A demonstration of this and similar optical toys, including the zoetrope
• More on Reynaud's Théåtre Optique
• Praxinoscope playing animation printed on childrens records

The electrotachyscope is an 1887 invention of Ottomar Anschütz of Germany which presents the Illusion of motion with transparent A flip book (sometimes especially in British English, flick book) is a Book with a series of pictures that vary gradually from one page to the next so The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device Though not a Movie projector —it was designed for films to be viewed individually through the window The phenakistoscope (also spelled phenakistiscope) was an early Animation device the predecessor of the Zoetrope. A tachometer is an instrument that measures the rotation speed of a shaft or disk as in a motor or other machine A thaumatrope is a toy that was popular in Victorian times.A disk or card with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string A zoetrope is a device that produces an illusion of action from a rapid succession of static pictures The zoopraxiscope is an early device for displaying motion pictures.

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