This article is part of the series on: Military of ancient Rome (portal) |
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| Structural history | |||
| Roman army (unit types and ranks, legions, auxiliaries, generals) |
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| Roman navy (fleets, admirals) | |||
| Campaign history | |||
| Lists of wars and battles | |||
| Decorations and punishments | |||
| Technological history | |||
| Military engineering (castra, siege engines, arches, roads) |
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| Personal equipment | |||
| Political history | |||
| Strategy and tactics | |||
| Infantry tactics | |||
| Frontiers and fortifications (limes, Hadrian's Wall) |
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Praetorian prefect (Latin Praefectus praetorio) was the constant title of a high office in the Roman state that changed fundamentally in nature. Commonwealth English! -->The military of ancient Rome relates to the combined military forces of Ancient Rome from the founding of the city The structural history of the Roman military describes the major chronological transformations in the organization and constitution of Ancient Rome 's armed forces, The Roman army was a set of military forces employed by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire as part of the Roman military This is a list of both unit types and ranks of the Roman army from the Roman Republic to the fall of This is a list of Roman legions, including key facts about each legion primarily focusing on Principate (early Empire 30BC - 284AD legions for which there exists Auxiliaries (from Latin: auxilia = "supports" formed the standing non-citizen corps of the Roman army of the Principate (30 BC&ndash284 AD A Manius Acilius Glabrio -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 191 BC -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 91 -- Titus The Roman Navy ( Latin: Classis, lit "fleet" comprised the naval forces of the Roman state The Roman Navy ( Latin: Classis, lit "fleet" comprised the naval forces of the Roman state From its origin as a city-state in Italy in 9th century BC the rise as an empire covering much of Eurasia and North The following is a List of Roman wars fought by the ancient Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, organized by date The following is a list of Roman Battles fought by the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire, and sometimes the Byzantine Empire As with most other military forces the Roman military adopted a "carrot and stick" approach to military with an extensive list of decorations for military gallantry The technology history of the Roman military covers the development of and application of technologies for use in the armies and navies of Rome from the Roman Republic to the fall The military engineering of Ancient Rome 's armed forces was of a scale and frequency far beyond that of any of its contemporaries The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military Roman Siege engines were for the most part adapted from Hellenistic Siege Technology. List of ancient Roman Triumphal arches (By modern country France Carpentras Triumphal Arch The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news Roman military personal equipment was produced in large numbers to established patterns and used in an established way Rome's military was always tightly keyed to its political system The strategy of the Roman Military encompasses its Grand strategy (the arrangements made by the state to implement its political goals through a selection of military goals Roman infantry tactics refers to the theoretical and historical deployment formation and maneuvers of the Roman infantry from the start of the Roman Republic to the fall Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a Grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire. A limes (or the Limes Romanus) was a Border defense or delimiting system of Ancient Rome. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial
The praetorian prefect was commander of the Praetorian Guard until Constantine abolished the guard in 314. The Praetorian Guard ( Latin: PRÆTORIANI was a special force of Guards used by Roman Emperors Before being appropriated Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Events By Place Roman Empire 8 October — War between Constantine I and Licinius: Licinius is defeated at the Praetorian prefects continued to be appointed until the reign of Heraclius, but the office developed into head of the civil and judicial administration of the empire. Heraclius, or Herakleios (Flavius Heraclius Augustus;) (c 575 - February 11, 641) was a Byzantine Emperor, who ruled the East
The term praefectus praetorio was often abbreviated in inscriptions as 'PR PR'. [1]
Contents |
History
Commander of the Praetorian Guard
Under the empire the praetorians or imperial guards were commanded by one, two, or even three praefects (praefecti praetorio), who were chosen by the emperor from among the equites and held office at his pleasure. From the time of Alexander Severus the post was open to senators also, and if an equestrian was appointed he was at the same time raised to the senate. Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Down to the time of Constantine, who deprived the office of its military character, the prefecture of the guards was regularly held by tried soldiers, often by men who had fought their way up from the ranks. In course of time the command seems to have been enlarged so as to include all the troops in Italy except the corps commanded by the city praefect (cohortes urbanae).
The special position of the Praetorians made them become a power in their own right in the Roman state, and their prefect, praefectus praetorio, soon became one of the more powerful men in this society. Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: "make in front" i The emperors tried to flatter and control the praetorians, but they staged many coups d'etat and contributed to a rapid rate of turnover in the imperial succession. The praetorians thus came to destabilize the Roman state, contrary to their purpose. The Praetorian prefect became a major administrative figure in the later empire, when the post combined in one individual the duties of an imperial chief of staff with direct command over the guard also. Diocletian greatly reduced the power of these prefects as part of his sweeping reform of the empire's administrative and military structures. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate
Transformation to administrator
- Further information: Praetorian prefecture
In addition to his military functions, the praetorian prefect came to acquire jurisdiction over criminal affairs, which he exercised not as the delegate but as the representative of the emperor. It was decreed by Constantine 331 that from the sentence of the praetorian praefect there should be no appeal. Events By Place Roman Empire Constantine I vigorously promotes Christianity, confiscating the property and valuables of a number A similar jurisdiction in civil cases was acquired by him not later than the time of Septimius Severus. Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor Hence a knowledge of law became a qualification for the post, which under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, but especially from the time of Severus, was held by the first jurists of the age, (e. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (often referred to as "the wise" ( April 26, 121 – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus ( August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with g. Papinian, Ulpian, Paullus) and John the Cappadocian, while the military qualification fell more and more into the background. Aemilius Papinianus (142&ndash212 also known as Papinian, was a celebrated Roman jurist magister libellorum and after the death of Gaius Domitius Ulpianus (died 228 anglicized as Ulpian, was a Roman Jurist of Tyrian ancestry Paullus is a Cognomen of ancient Rome, also appearing as an apparent Praenomen of several Romans A different John the Cappadocian was Patriarch from 518-520 See John of Cappadocia.
The tetrarchy reform of Diocletian (c. Tetrarchy ( Greek: "leadership of four " can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate 296) multiplied the office, as there was now one pretorian prefect as chief of staff (military and administrative)—rather than commander of the guard—for each of the two Augusti and two Caesares. Each one of the pretorian perfects oversaw one of the four quarters created by Diocletian, which would become praetorian prefectures under Constantine. The praetorian prefectures ( Latin: praefectura praetorio, in Greek variously named ἔπαρχότητα των πραιτωρίων or ὑπαρχία Their masters were soon reduced to two imperial courts, at Rome (later Ravenna) and Constantinople, but the four prefectures remained as the highest level of administrative division, in charge of several so-called dioceses (groups of Roman provinces), each of which was headed by a Vicarius. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS A Roman or civil diocese ( Latin: dioecesis, from the διοίκησις, "administration" was one of the administrative divisions In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa Vicarius is a Latin word meaning substitute or deputy. It is the root and origin of the English word " Vicar " and Cognate to the Persian
Under Constantine the Great, the institution of the magister militum deprived the praetorian prefecture altogether of its military character but left it the highest civil office of the empire. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Magister militum ( Latin for "Master of the Soldiers" was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of
Germanic era
The office was among the many maintained after the Western Roman empire had succombed to the Germanic invasion in Italy, notably at the royal court of the Ostrogothic king Theoderic the Great. The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late Theodoric the Great (454 – August 30, 526) known to the Romans as Flavius Theodoricus, was king of the Ostrogoths (471-526 ruler of
List of known prefects of the Praetorian Guard
The following is a list of all known prefects of the Praetorian Guard, from the establishment of the post in 2 BC by Augustus until the abolishment of the Guard in 314. Year 2 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Events By Place Roman Empire 8 October — War between Constantine I and Licinius: Licinius is defeated at the The list is presumed to be incomplete due to lack of sources documenting the exact number of persons who held the post, what their names were and what the length of their tenure was. Likewise, the Praetorians were sometimes commanded by a single prefect, as was the case with for example Sejanus or Burrus, but more often, the emperor appointed two commanders, who shared joint leadership. Lucius Aelius Seianus (20 BC &ndash October 18 31 AD commonly known as Sejanus, was an ambitious soldier friend and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius For other persons named Afranius see Afranius. Sextus Afranius Burrus (1 - 62 Praetorian prefect, was advisor to Roman emperor Overlapping terms on the list indicate dual command.
Julio-Claudian dynasty
| Prefect | Tenure | Emperor served |
|---|---|---|
| Publius Salvius Aper | 2 BC – ?? | Augustus |
| Quintus Ostorius Scapula | 2 BC – ?? | Augustus |
| Publius Varius Ligur[2] | ?? – ?? | Augustus |
| Lucius Seius Strabo | ?? – 15 | Augustus, Tiberius |
| Lucius Aelius Sejanus | 14 – 31 | Tiberius |
| Quintus Naevius Sutorius Macro | 31 – 38 | Tiberius, Caligula |
| Marcus Arrecinus Clemens | 38 – 41 | Caligula |
| Lucius Arruntius Stella[3] | 38 – 41 | Caligula |
| Rufrius Pollio | 41 – 43 | Claudius |
| Catonius Justus | 41 – 43 | Claudius |
| Rufrius Crispinus | 43 – 50 | Claudius |
| Lucius Lusius Geta | 47 – 50 | Claudius |
| Sextus Afranius Burrus | 50 – 62 | Claudius, Nero |
| Lucius Faenius Rufus | 62 – 65 | Nero |
| Gaius Ophonius Tigellinus | 62 – 68 | Nero |
| Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus | 65 – 68 | Nero |
Year of the Four Emperors
| Prefect | Tenure | Emperor served |
|---|---|---|
| Cornelius Laco | 68 – 69 | Galba |
| Plotius Firmus | 69 – 69 | Otho |
| Licinius Proculus | 69 – 69 | Otho |
| Publius Sabinus | 69 – 69 | Vitellius |
| Alfenius Varus | 69 – 69 | Vitellius |
| Junius Priscus | 69 – 69 | Vitellius |
Flavian dynasty
| Prefect | Tenure | Emperor served |
|---|---|---|
| Arrius Varus | 69 – 70 | Vespasian |
| Marcus Arrecinus Clemens[4] | 70 – 71 | Vespasian |
| Tiberius Julius Alexander[5] | 69 – ?? | Vespasian |
| Titus Flavius Vespasianus[6] | 71 – 79 | Vespasian |
| Lucius Julius Ursus[7] | 81 – 83 | Domitian |
| Cornelius Fuscus | 81 – 87 | Domitian |
| Lucius Laberius Maximus[7] | 83 – 84 | Domitian |
| Casperius Aelianus | 84 – 94 | Domitian |
| Norbanus | 94 – 96 | Domitian |
| Titus Petronius Secundus | 94 – 96 | Domitian |
Nervan-Antonian dynasty
| Prefect | Tenure | Emperor served |
|---|---|---|
| Casperius Aelianus | 96 – 98 | Nerva |
| Sextus Attius Suburanus | 98 – 101 | Trajan |
| Tiberius Claudius Livianus | 101 – ?? | Trajan |
| Publius Acilius Attianus[8] | ?? – 119 | Trajan, Hadrian |
| Servius Sulpicius Similis | 112 – 119 | Trajan, Hadrian |
| Gaius Septicius Clarus | 119 – 121 | Hadrian |
| Quintus Marcius Turbo | 119 – ?? | Hadrian |
| Marcus Petronius Mamertinus | 139 – 143 | Hadrian, Antoninus Pius |
| Marcus Gavius Maximus | 136 – 156 | Hadrian, Antoninus Pius |
| Gaius Tattius Maximus | 156 – 159 | Antoninus Pius |
| Fabius Cornelius Repentinus | 159 – ?? | Antoninus Pius |
| Furius Victorinus | 160 – 168 | Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius |
| Macrinius Vindex | ?? – ?? | Marcus Aurelius |
| Marcus Bassaeus Rufus | 168 – 177 | Marcus Aurelius |
| Publius Tarrutenius Paternus | 168 – 182 | Marcus Aurelius, Commodus |
| Sextus Tigidius Perennis | ?? – 185 | Commodus |
| Titus Longaeus Rufus | 185 – 188 | Commodus |
| Publius Atilius Aebutianus | 185 – 188 | Commodus |
| Marcus Aurelius Cleander | 188 – 190 | Commodus |
| Lucius Julius Vehilius Gratus Julianus | 190 – 191 | Commodus |
| Regillus | 190 – 191 | Commodus |
| Quintus Aemilius Laetus | 191 – 193 | Commodus, Pertinax, Didius Julianus |
| Flavius Genialis | 193 – 193 | Didius Julianus |
| Tullius Crispinus | 193 – 193 | Didius Julianus |
Severan dynasty
Crisis of the Third Century
| Prefect | Tenure | Emperor served | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Publius Aelius Vitalianus | ?? – 238 | Maximinus Thrax | |||
| Philip the Arab | ?? – ?? | Gordian III | |||
| Gaius Julius Priscus | ?? – ?? | Philip the Arab | |||
| Silvanus | ?? – ?? | Gallienus | |||
| Successianus | 259 – 260 | Valerian | |||
| L. Petronius Taurus Volusianus | 261 – 267 | Gallienus | Callistus (aka Ballista) | 260 – 261 | Macrianus, Quietus |
| Marcus(?) Aurelius Heraclianus | 267 – ?? | Gallienus | |||
| Julius Placidianus | @ 270 – 275 (?) | Aurelian | |||
| Florianus | ?? – ?? | Tacitus | |||
| Carus | ?? – ?? | Probus | |||
| Aper, L. Flavius(?) | 282 (?) – 284 | Carus, Numerian | |||
| Aristobulus | ?? – ?? | Numerian |
Dominate
| Prefect | Tenure | Emperor served |
|---|---|---|
| Aristobulus | ?? – ?? | Diocletian |
| Afranius Hannibalianus | ?? – ?? | Diocletian |
| Constantius Chlorus | ?? – ?? | Diocletian |
| Asclepiodotus | ?? – ?? | Diocletian |
| Rufius Volusianus | ?? – ?? | Maxentius |
| Publius Cornelius Anullinus | ?? – ?? | Maxentius |
Notes
- ^ Lesley and Roy Adkins. The Julio-Claudian Dynasty refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus (Octavian Tiberius, Caligula (Gaius Claudius, and The Praetorian Guard ( Latin: PRÆTORIANI was a special force of Guards used by Roman Emperors Before being appropriated Year 2 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was The Praetorian Guard ( Latin: PRÆTORIANI was a special force of Guards used by Roman Emperors Before being appropriated Year 2 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Lucius Seius Strabo or Lucius Aelius Strabo was a prefect of the Roman imperial Bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, during Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (or Tiberius I) born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16 42 BC – March 16 AD 37) was the second Roman Lucius Aelius Seianus (20 BC &ndash October 18 31 AD commonly known as Sejanus, was an ambitious soldier friend and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius Year 31 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (or Tiberius I) born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16 42 BC – March 16 AD 37) was the second Roman Quintus Naevius Cordus Sutorius Macro (21 BC - 38 AD often abbreviated Naevius Sutorius Macro, or simply Macro, was a prefect of the Roman Year 31 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 38 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (or Tiberius I) born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16 42 BC – March 16 AD 37) was the second Roman Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (August 31 AD 12 &ndash January 24 AD 41 more commonly known by his nickname Caligula (kəˈlɪɡjʊlə was a Roman Emperor Year 38 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 41 was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (August 31 AD 12 &ndash January 24 AD 41 more commonly known by his nickname Caligula (kəˈlɪɡjʊlə was a Roman Emperor Year 38 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 41 was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (August 31 AD 12 &ndash January 24 AD 41 more commonly known by his nickname Caligula (kəˈlɪɡjʊlə was a Roman Emperor Year 41 was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 43 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I ( August 1, 10 BC &ndash October 13, AD 54 ( Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to Year 41 was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 43 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I ( August 1, 10 BC &ndash October 13, AD 54 ( Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to Rufrius Crispinus was a knight who lived during the later Julio-Claudian dynasty. Year 43 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 50 was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I ( August 1, 10 BC &ndash October 13, AD 54 ( Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to For the Hitman game series see Agent 47. Year 47 was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar Year 50 was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I ( August 1, 10 BC &ndash October 13, AD 54 ( Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to For other persons named Afranius see Afranius. Sextus Afranius Burrus (1 - 62 Praetorian prefect, was advisor to Roman emperor Year 50 was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 62 was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I ( August 1, 10 BC &ndash October 13, AD 54 ( Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( December 15, 37 – June 9, 68) born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Faenius Rufus, Roman senator Praefectus annonae, 55-62AD Tacitus reports that (unlike most holders of that office he did not profit from it Year 62 was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 65 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( December 15, 37 – June 9, 68) born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Gaius Ofonius Tigellinus, also known as Ophonius Tigellinus and Sophonius Tigellinus (c Year 62 was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 68 was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( December 15, 37 – June 9, 68) born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus, or Nymphidius Sabinus, (c 35&ndash68 was a prefect of the Roman imperial Bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Year 65 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 68 was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( December 15, 37 – June 9, 68) born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called The Year of the Four Emperors was a year in the history of the Roman Empire, AD 69 in which four emperors ruled in a remarkable succession Cornelius Laco, (?&ndash69 was a prefect of the Roman imperial Bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, under emperor Year 68 was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings Servius Sulpicius Galba ( December 24, 3 BC &ndash January 15, 69) also called Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings For other uses see Otho (disambiguation. Marcus Salvius Otho ( April 25, 32 – April 16, 69) also called Marcus 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings For other uses see Otho (disambiguation. Marcus Salvius Otho ( April 25, 32 – April 16, 69) also called Marcus 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius ( 24 September, 15 &ndash 22 December, 69 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius ( 24 September, 15 &ndash 22 December, 69 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius ( 24 September, 15 &ndash 22 December, 69 The Flavian dynasty was a Roman imperial Dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96 AD encompassing the reigns of Vespasian (69&ndash79 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings Year 70 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian ( November 17 9 &ndash June 23 79) was a Roman Emperor who Marcus Arrecinus Clemens (flourished 1st Century) was a prefect of the Roman imperial Bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard. Year 70 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 71 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian ( November 17 9 &ndash June 23 79) was a Roman Emperor who Tiberius Julius Alexander ( fl 1st century was an equestrian governor and general in the Roman Empire. 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian ( November 17 9 &ndash June 23 79) was a Roman Emperor who Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Titus ( December 30 39 &ndash September 13 81) was a Roman Emperor who Year 71 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 79 was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian ( November 17 9 &ndash June 23 79) was a Roman Emperor who Year 81 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 83 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death Cornelius Fuscus (?&ndash86 was a Roman General who fought campaigns under the Emperors of the Flavian dynasty. Year 81 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. For the processor see Intel 8087. Year 87 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death Lucius Laberius Maximus (date of birth or death unknown was a Roman governor of the Egypt province in 83, and prefect of the imperial Year 83 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 84 was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death Casperius Aelianus, who served as Praetorian Prefect under the emperors Domitian and Nerva, was a Praetorian Prefect loyal to the Roman Year 84 was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 94 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death Year 94 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 96 was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death Titus Petronius Secundus (40&ndash97 was a prefect of the Roman imperial Bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, under Year 94 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 96 was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death Nervan-Antonian dynasty is a Dynasty of six loosely connected Roman Emperors who ruled over the Roman Empire for almost the whole 2nd century Casperius Aelianus, who served as Praetorian Prefect under the emperors Domitian and Nerva, was a Praetorian Prefect loyal to the Roman Year 96 was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 98 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Marcus Cocceius Nerva was also the name of a Roman emperor NERVA is an acronym for Nuclear Engine for Rocket Sextus Attius Suburanus Aemilianus, commonly abbreviated as Suburanus (date of birth or death unknown was a prefect of the Roman imperial Bodyguard Year 98 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who Publius Acilius Attianus (1st &ndash 2nd century AD was a powerful Roman official who played a significant though obscure role in the transfer of the imperial power from Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Quintus Marcius Turbo Fronto Publicius Severus, commonly referred to as Marcius Turbo, was a Roman General during the 2nd century who served Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus ( September 19, 86 &ndash March 7 161) generally known in English as Antoninus Pius Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus ( September 19, 86 &ndash March 7 161) generally known in English as Antoninus Pius Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus ( September 19, 86 &ndash March 7 161) generally known in English as Antoninus Pius Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus ( September 19, 86 &ndash March 7 161) generally known in English as Antoninus Pius Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus ( September 19, 86 &ndash March 7 161) generally known in English as Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (often referred to as "the wise" ( April 26, 121 – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (often referred to as "the wise" ( April 26, 121 – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor Events By Place Roman Empire A systematic persecution of Christians begins in Rome under Marcus Aurelius. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (often referred to as "the wise" ( April 26, 121 – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor Events By place Roman Empire Commodus exiles his sister Lucilla to Capreae. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (often referred to as "the wise" ( April 26, 121 – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus ( August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with Sextus Tigidius Perennis (?&ndash185 was a prefect of the Roman imperial Bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, during the reigns of Events By place Roman Empire Pertinax quells the mutiny of the British Roman legions Perennis his family Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus ( August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with Events By place Roman Empire Pertinax quells the mutiny of the British Roman legions Perennis his family Events By Place Roman Empire Pertinax becomes Consul of Africa. Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus ( August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with Publius Atilius Aebutianus (?&ndash188 was a prefect of the Roman imperial Bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, during Events By place Roman Empire Pertinax quells the mutiny of the British Roman legions Perennis his family Events By Place Roman Empire Pertinax becomes Consul of Africa. Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus ( August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with Marcus Aurelius Cleander, commonly known as Cleander (?&ndash190 was a Roman Freedman who gained extraordinary power as chamberlain and Events By Place Roman Empire Pertinax becomes Consul of Africa. Events By Place Roman Empire A part of Rome burns and Emperor Commodus orders the city to be rebuilt under the name Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus ( August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with Events By Place Roman Empire A part of Rome burns and Emperor Commodus orders the city to be rebuilt under the name Events By Topic Religion Serapion of Antioch becomes Patriarch of Antioch. Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus ( August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with Regillus was an ancient lake of Latium, Italy, famous in the legendary History of Rome as the lake in the neighborhood of which occurred (496 B Events By Place Roman Empire A part of Rome burns and Emperor Commodus orders the city to be rebuilt under the name Events By Topic Religion Serapion of Antioch becomes Patriarch of Antioch. Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus ( August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with Events By Topic Religion Serapion of Antioch becomes Patriarch of Antioch. Events By Place Roman Empire January 1 — Pertinax is proclaimed Roman Emperor. Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus ( August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with Publius Helvius Pertinax, commonly known as Pertinax ( August 1, 126 &ndash March 28, 193) was a Roman emperor who briefly Marcus Didius Severus Julianus (133 or 137–193 was briefly Roman Emperor from 28 March 193 to 1 June 193. Events By Place Roman Empire January 1 — Pertinax is proclaimed Roman Emperor. Events By Place Roman Empire January 1 — Pertinax is proclaimed Roman Emperor. Marcus Didius Severus Julianus (133 or 137–193 was briefly Roman Emperor from 28 March 193 to 1 June 193. Events By Place Roman Empire January 1 — Pertinax is proclaimed Roman Emperor. Events By Place Roman Empire January 1 — Pertinax is proclaimed Roman Emperor. Marcus Didius Severus Julianus (133 or 137–193 was briefly Roman Emperor from 28 March 193 to 1 June 193. The Severan dynasty was a Roman imperial Dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 193 and 235. Events By Place Roman Empire January 1 — Pertinax is proclaimed Roman Emperor. Events By Place Roman Empire 19 February — Battle of Lugdunum: Roman usurper Albinus is defeated by the Marcus Didius Severus Julianus (133 or 137–193 was briefly Roman Emperor from 28 March 193 to 1 June 193. Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor Events By Place Roman Empire January 1 — Pertinax is proclaimed Roman Emperor. Events By Place Roman Empire 19 February — Battle of Lugdunum: Roman usurper Albinus is defeated by the Marcus Didius Severus Julianus (133 or 137–193 was briefly Roman Emperor from 28 March 193 to 1 June 193. Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor Gaius or Lucius Fulvius Plautianus (? - 22 January 205) was a Roman who lived in the 2nd century and 3rd century Events By Place Roman Empire 19 February — Battle of Lugdunum: Roman usurper Albinus is defeated by the Events By Place Roman Empire Hadrian's Wall is restored after heavy raids by Caledonian tribes had overrun much of northern Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor Events By Place World Human population reaches about 257 million Events By Place World Human population reaches about 257 million Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor Aemilius Papinianus (142&ndash212 also known as Papinian, was a celebrated Roman jurist magister libellorum and after the death of Gaius Events By Place Roman Empire Hadrian's Wall is restored after heavy raids by Caledonian tribes had overrun much of northern Events By Place Roman Empire Emperor Caracalla decrees that freemen throughout the Roman Empire are to become Roman citizens Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor Caracalla ( April 4 188 &ndash April 8, 217) born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later Events By Place Roman Empire Hadrian's Wall is restored after heavy raids by Caledonian tribes had overrun much of northern Events By Place Roman Empire Emperor Caracalla decrees that freemen throughout the Roman Empire are to become Roman citizens Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor Caracalla ( April 4 188 &ndash April 8, 217) born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later For the N11 code see 2-1-1. Events By Place Roman Empire Septimus Severus dies in Britain Events By Place Roman Empire The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are completed Caracalla ( April 4 188 &ndash April 8, 217) born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later For the N11 code see 2-1-1. Events By Place Roman Empire Septimus Severus dies in Britain Events By Place Roman Empire The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are completed Caracalla ( April 4 188 &ndash April 8, 217) born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later Events By Place Roman Empire The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are completed Events By Place Roman Empire April 8 — Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Guard Caracalla ( April 4 188 &ndash April 8, 217) born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later Marcus Opellius Macrinus (ca 165 - June 218 was Roman emperor for fourteen months in 217 and 218 Events By Place Roman Empire The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are completed Events By Place Roman Empire April 8 — Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Guard Caracalla ( April 4 188 &ndash April 8, 217) born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later Events By Place Roman Empire April 8 — Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Guard Events By Place Roman Empire May 16 — Elagabalus is declared Roman Emperor Marcus Opellius Macrinus (ca 165 - June 218 was Roman emperor for fourteen months in 217 and 218 Events By Place Roman Empire May 16 — Elagabalus is declared Roman Emperor Events By Place Roman Empire May 16 — Elagabalus is declared Roman Emperor Marcus Opellius Macrinus (ca 165 - June 218 was Roman emperor for fourteen months in 217 and 218 Events By Place Roman Empire May 16 — Elagabalus is declared Roman Emperor Events By Place Roman Empire May 16 — Elagabalus is declared Roman Emperor Elagabalus (c 203 &ndash March 11 222) also known as Heliogabalus or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman Emperor of the Publius Valerius Comazon Eutychianus (??&ndash222 was a Roman general and ally of emperor Elagabalus. Events By Place Roman Empire May 16 — Elagabalus is declared Roman Emperor Events By Place Roman Empire Legions III ''Gallica'' and IV ''Scythica'' are disbanded by Elagabalus after their leaders Elagabalus (c 203 &ndash March 11 222) also known as Heliogabalus or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman Emperor of the Events By Place Roman Empire Legions III ''Gallica'' and IV ''Scythica'' are disbanded by Elagabalus after their leaders Events By Place Roman Empire March 11 — Elagabalus is assassinated along with his mother Julia Soemias by legionnaires during Elagabalus (c 203 &ndash March 11 222) also known as Heliogabalus or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman Emperor of the Events By Place Roman Empire Legions III ''Gallica'' and IV ''Scythica'' are disbanded by Elagabalus after their leaders Events By Place Roman Empire March 11 — Elagabalus is assassinated along with his mother Julia Soemias by legionnaires during Elagabalus (c 203 &ndash March 11 222) also known as Heliogabalus or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman Emperor of the Events By Place Roman Empire March 11 — Elagabalus is assassinated along with his mother Julia Soemias by legionnaires during Events By Place Roman Empire March 11 — Elagabalus is assassinated along with his mother Julia Soemias by legionnaires during Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Events By Place Roman Empire March 11 — Elagabalus is assassinated along with his mother Julia Soemias by legionnaires during Events By Place Roman Empire March 11 — Elagabalus is assassinated along with his mother Julia Soemias by legionnaires during Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Domitius Ulpianus (died 228 anglicized as Ulpian, was a Roman Jurist of Tyrian ancestry Events By Place Roman Empire March 11 — Elagabalus is assassinated along with his mother Julia Soemias by legionnaires during Events By Place Asia Liu Shan becomes second emperor of Shu-Han upon the death of his father Liu Bei. Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Events By Place Asia Liu Shan becomes second emperor of Shu-Han upon the death of his father Liu Bei. Events By Place Roman Empire Roman Emperor Alexander Severus marries Sallustia Orbiana, and possibly raises her father Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Events By Place Asia Liu Shan becomes second emperor of Shu-Han upon the death of his father Liu Bei. Events By Place Roman Empire Roman Emperor Alexander Severus marries Sallustia Orbiana, and possibly raises her father Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Events By Place Roman Empire Roman Emperor Alexander Severus marries Sallustia Orbiana, and possibly raises her father Events By Place Roman Empire The Praetorian guard kill Ulpian, Praetorian prefect, who had wanted to reduce their Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Events By Place Roman Empire Roman Emperor Alexander Severus marries Sallustia Orbiana, and possibly raises her father Events By Place Roman Empire The Praetorian guard kill Ulpian, Praetorian prefect, who had wanted to reduce their Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Events By Place Roman Empire Taxes are increased in order to maintain the unity and defense of the Empire Events By Place Roman Empire Pressure on Rome by Goths, Quadi, Sassanids Franks and Alemanni Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Events By Place Roman Empire Taxes are increased in order to maintain the unity and defense of the Empire Events By Place Roman Empire Pressure on Rome by Goths, Quadi, Sassanids Franks and Alemanni Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Julius Paulus Prudentissimus ( Greek: ο Ιούλιος Παύλος, flourished 2nd century and 3rd century) was one of the most influential and Events By Place Roman Empire The Praetorian guard kill Ulpian, Praetorian prefect, who had wanted to reduce their Events By Place Roman Empire Pressure on Rome by Goths, Quadi, Sassanids Franks and Alemanni Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor Crisis of the Third Century (or "Military Anarchy" or "Imperial Crisis" was the crumbling and near collapse of the Roman Empire between 235 Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus (c 173&ndash238 also known as Maximinus Thrax (i Marcus Julius Philippus or Philippus I Arabs (c 204 - 249 known in English as Philip the Arab or formerly (prior to World War II in Marcus Antonius Gordianus ( January 20 225 – February 11, 244) known in English as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor Gaius Iulius Priscus ( 3rd century) was military man and member of the Praetorian guard in the reign of Gordian III. Marcus Julius Philippus or Philippus I Arabs (c 204 - 249 known in English as Philip the Arab or formerly (prior to World War II in Silvanus was a Praetorian prefect who protected Saloninus, the son of the emperor Gallienus. Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268 ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and then as the sole Roman Emperor Volusianus was a Roman general and senior official of the mid-Third Century AD who distinguished himself in both the military and the civil spheres of public life Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268 ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and then as the sole Roman Emperor The ballista ( Latin, from Greek βαλλίστρα - ballistra, from - βάλλω ballō, "to throw" plural ballistae Titus Fulvius Iunius Quietus (d 261 was a Roman usurper against Roman Emperor Gallienus. Marcus(? Aurelius Heraclianus (d 268 was a Roman military commander Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268 ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and then as the sole Roman Emperor Julius Placidianus was a Roman general of the Third Century AD Lucius Domitius Aurelianus ( September 9, 214 or 215 &ndashSeptember or October 275 known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor (270&ndash275 Marcus Annius Florianus (died 276 commonly known as Florian in English was a Roman Emperor who ruled in 276 Marcus Claudius Tacitus (ca 200 - June 276 was a Roman Emperor from September 25, 275, to June 276 Marcus Aurelius Carus (c 230 - late July/early August 283 was a Roman Emperor (282-283 Marcus Aurelius Probus (c August 19, 232 &ndashSeptember/October 282 was a Roman Emperor (276&ndash282 Marcus Aurelius Carus (c 230 - late July/early August 283 was a Roman Emperor (282-283 Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus (d November 284 known in English as Numerian, was a Roman Emperor (December 283 &ndash November 284 Numerian was the For other people with this name see Aristobulus (disambiguation Aristobulus (reigned 104-103 BC was a king of the Hebrew Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus (d November 284 known in English as Numerian, was a Roman Emperor (December 283 &ndash November 284 Numerian was the The accession to the purple on November 20, 284, of Diocletian, the lower-class Greek-speaking Dalmatian commander of Carus's and Numerian's household cavalry For other people with this name see Aristobulus (disambiguation Aristobulus (reigned 104-103 BC was a king of the Hebrew Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Flavius Valerius Constantius ( March 31 c 250&ndash July 25 306) was an emperor of the Western Roman Empire (305&ndash306 Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Asclepiodotus may refer to Asclepiodotus of Heraclea, (2nd century BC - a commander in the Macedonian army during the Third Macedonian War Asclepiodotus Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius (c 278 - 28 October 312) was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312 Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius (c 278 - 28 October 312) was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312 Handbook to life in Ancient Rome. Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-19-512332-8. page 241
- ^ The existence of Varius Ligur is disputed, and is only inferred from a single passage by Cassius Dio, who identifies him as Valerius Ligur. Modern historians suggest that, if Valerius Ligur was a prefect at all, he may have been mistaken for a man named Varius Ligur, who seems to have been a more likely candidate for the office. See Bingham (1997), p42.
- ^ Wiseman, Timothy Peter (1991). Death of an Emperor: Flavius Josephus (Exeter Studies in History). Northwestern University Press, p59, 62. ISBN 978-0859893565.
- ^ Son of Marcus Arrecinus Clemens, who was Praetorian prefect under emperor Claudius
- ^ Whether Tiberius Julius Alexander held the office of Praetorian prefect is disputed, and rests on a fragment from a recovered papyrus scroll. If he did held the post, he may have done so during the Jewish wars under Titus, or during the 70s as his colleague in Rome. See Lendering, Jona. Tiberius Julius Alexander. Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
- ^ Son of Vespasian, the later emperor Titus
- ^ a b Syme, 66
- ^ Syme, 67
- ^ The later emperor Macrinus.
References
- Syme, Ronald (1980). Sir Ronald Syme OM ( 11 March, 1903 &ndash 4 September, 1989) New Zealand -born Historian, was an eminent "Guard Prefects of Trajan and Hadrian". The Journal of Roman Studies 70: p64-80.
- Bingham, Sandra J. [1997] (1999). The praetorian guard in the political and social life of Julio-Claudian Rome (PDF), Ottawa: National Library of Canada. ISBN 0-612-27106-4. Retrieved on 2007-05-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Howe, Laurence Lee (1942). The Pretorian Prefect from Commodus to Diocletian (AD 180-305). Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press Press.
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