USS John C. Stennis, and HMS Illustrious, two aircraft carriers on a joint patrol. Mission and capabilities The mission of Stennis and her embarked Air Wing ( CVW-9) is to conduct sustained combat air operations while forward deployed in the See HMS ''Illustrious'' for other ships of the same name Construction She was laid down at Swan Hunter on the River Tyne An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with

Power projection (or force projection) is a term used primarily in American military and political science to refer to the capacity of a state to conduct expeditionary warfare, i. Military Science is the process of translating National defence policy to produce Military capability by employing Military scientists including Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Expeditionary warfare is used to describe the organization of a nation's military to fight abroad especially when deployed to fight away from its established bases at home or abroad e. to implement policy by means of force, or the threat thereof, in an area distant from its own territory. The United States Department of Defense, in its publication J1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, further defines power projection as

The ability of a nation to apply all or some of its elements of national power - political, economic, informational, or military - to rapidly and effectively deploy and sustain forces in and from multiple dispersed locations to respond to crises, to contribute to deterrence, and to enhance regional stability. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government [1]

This ability is a crucial element of a state's power in international relations. Power in international relations is defined in several different ways Any state able to direct its military forces outside the limited bounds of its territory might be said to have some level of power projection capability, but the term itself is used most frequently in reference to militaries with a worldwide reach (or at least significantly broader than a state's immediate area). Even states with sizable hard power assets (such as a large standing army) may only be able to exert limited regional influence so long as they lack the means of effectively projecting their power on a global scale. Hard power is a term describing power obtained from the utilisation of military and/or economic power to influence the behaviour or interests of other political bodies A standing army is an Army composed of full time career Soldiers who 'stand over' in other words who do not disband during times of peace In International relations, a regional power is a State that has power within a geographic Region. Generally, only a select few states are able to overcome the logistical difficulties inherent in the deployment and direction of a modern, mechanized military force. Military Logistics is the art and science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of military forces Military deployment is the movement of armed forces and their logistical support infrastructure

While traditional measures of power projection typically focus on hard power assets (tanks, soldiers, aircraft, naval vessels, etc. Hard power is a term describing power obtained from the utilisation of military and/or economic power to influence the behaviour or interests of other political bodies ), the developing theory of soft power notes that power projection does not necessarily have to involve the active use of military forces in combat. Soft power is a term used in International relations theory to describe the ability of a Political body such as a State, to indirectly influence the behavior The ComBat was an Aluminium Cricket bat and the subject of an incident that occurred at the WACA cricket ground in Perth in December 1979. Assets for power projection can often serve dual uses, as the deployment of various countries' militaries during the humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake illustrates. The humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was prompted by one of the worst Natural disasters of modern times The ability of a state to project its forces into an area may serve as an effective diplomatic lever, influencing the decision-making process and acting as a potential deterrent on other states' behavior.

Elements of power projection

The huge cargo hold and intercontinental flight capabilities of the C-5 Galaxy make it a major asset for deploying military power around the globe. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

As distance between a fighting force and its headquarters increases, command and control inevitably becomes more difficult. Command and control can be defined as the exercise of Authority and Direction by a properly designated Commander over assigned and attached Forces Modern-day power projection often makes use of high-tech communications and information technology to overcome these difficulties, a process sometimes described as the "Revolution in Military Affairs. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support The Military concept of Revolution in Military Affairs ( RMA) is a theory about the future of Warfare, often connected to technological and "

While a few long-range weapons—such as the intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and certain types of cruise missiles—are capable of projecting deadly force in their own right, most discussion of power projection revolve around issues of military logistics. A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons A cruise missile is a guided Missile that carries an explosive payload and uses a lifting wing and a propulsion system usually a Jet engine, to allow Military Logistics is the art and science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of military forces The ability to integrate naval and air forces with land armies as part of joint warfare is generally viewed as a key aspect of effective power projection; airlift and sealift capabilities allow a country to deploy units of soldiers or weapons to distant destinations not easily accessible by land forces. An air force, also known in some countries as an air army or historically an army air corps, is in the broadest sense the national military or armed service An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces Joint warfare is a Military doctrine which places priority on the integration of the various service branches of a state's Armed forces into one unified An airlift is the organized delivery of supplies primarily via Aircraft. Sealift is a term used predominantly in Military logistics and refers to the use of Cargo ships for the deployment of military assets such as A military organization is a way of structuring the armed forces of a State as a need to offer Military capability required by the National defence policy A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces. A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons

The aircraft carrier battle group, strategic bomber, Ballistic missile submarine, and C-5B Galaxy strategic airlifter are all examples of power projection platforms, as are military units designed to be light and mobile, such as airborne forces (paratroopers and air assault forces). A carrier battle group (CVBG consists of an Aircraft carrier (CV and its escorts A strategic bomber is a heavy type Aircraft designed to drop large amounts of ordnance onto a distant target for the purposes of debilitating an enemy's A ballistic missile submarine is a Submarine equipped to launch Ballistic missiles ( SLBMs) WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout An airlift is the organized delivery of supplies primarily via Aircraft. Traditionally light infantry (or skirmishers) were soldiers whose job was to provide a Skirmishing screen ahead of the main body of Infantry, harassing Paratroopers are Soldiers trained in Parachuting and generally operate as part of an airborne force. An Air Assault is a Tactical or Operational manoeuvre of an Infantry unit Airlifted by Helicopters usually to fulfil an Aerial

Forward basing is another method of power projection, which by pre-positioning military units or stockpiles of arms at strategically located military bases outside a country's territory, reduces the time and distance needed to mobilize them for combat in a distant theater of war. A forward operating base (FOB is any secured forward position that is used to support tactical operations Etymology The word bases is first recorded in English language from c This article describes military mobilization For other meanings see Mobilization (disambiguation. In Warfare a theater or theatre is defined as a specific geographical area of conduct of armed conflict bordered by areas where no combat is taking place

Examples

India and China are trying to increase their influence around the world. Shown here is the Admiral Gorshkov which the Indian Navy recently purchased, in an attempt to boost its power projection abilities. Differences from other Kiev class carriers The fourth of the Project 1143 aircraft carrying cruisers Baku had many differences to the rest of the class trialing technologies The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India.

In the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, the Japanese demolition of the Imperial Russian Navy's Pacific Fleet demonstrated Russia's inability to project force in the East. The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Imperial Russian Navy refers to the Tsarist Fleets prior to the Bolshevik Revolution. The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia. This immediately diminished Russia's diplomatic sway in that region. At the same time, Russia's western armies became less credible, as mobilization exposed organizational flaws and threw the western armies into chaos. This article describes military mobilization For other meanings see Mobilization (disambiguation. This led analysts in Europe, such as German chief of staff Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, to conclude that Russia would prove inept at projecting force in Europe, thus demoting Russia in European diplomatic relations. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The chief of staff is the chief aide to the Commander of larger military Formations and Units It is sometimes the case that the chief of staff is more directly

Many other actions can be considered projections of force. The 19th century is full of these incidents, such as the 1864 Bombardment of Kagoshima and the Boxer Rebellion. The Bombardment of Kagoshima, also known as the, took place on 15-17 August 1863 during the Late Tokugawa shogunate. The Boxer Rebellion, or Boxer Movement, was an uprising by members of the Chinese Society of Right and Harmonious Fists against foreign influence More recently, the Falklands War came as an example of the United Kingdom's ability to project force far from home. The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The U.S. Navy, the French Navy and the British Royal Navy abilities to deploy large numbers of ships for long periods of time away from home are unique projection abilities. The French Navy, officially the Marine nationale ( National Navy) and often called La Royale ( The Royal Navy) is the maritime arm The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The People's Republic of China and India are increasing their seaborne power projection abilities. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

See also

• Armed forces
• Distance in military affairs
• Gunboat diplomacy
• United States Navy Military Sealift Command and United States Air Force Air Mobility Command

External links

• US Army Field Manual 100-10 Chapter 1: Power Projection
• US Army Field Manual 100-7 Chapter 6: Force Projection