| Potter Stewart | |
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| In office October 14, 1958 – July 3, 1981 |
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| Nominated by | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
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| Preceded by | Harold Hitz Burton |
| Succeeded by | Sandra Day O'Connor |
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| Born | January 23, 1915 Jackson, Michigan |
| Died | December 7, 1985 (aged 70) Hanover, New Hampshire |
| Religion | Episcopalian |
Potter Stewart (January 23, 1915 – December 7, 1985) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Harold Hitz Burton ( June 22, 1888 &ndash October 28, 1964) served as the 45th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, a member Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is an American Jurist. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Jackson is a city located along Interstate 94 in the south central area of the U Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Hanover is a town along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary.
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Education
Stewart was born in Jackson, Michigan, approximately 30 miles south of Lansing, Michigan, while his family was on vacation. Jackson is a city located along Interstate 94 in the south central area of the U Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. His father, James G. Stewart, a prominent Republican from Cincinnati, Ohio, served as Mayor of Cincinnati for seven years and was later a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of Ohio is the highest Court in the US state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution
Stewart attended the Hotchkiss School, graduating in 1933. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Then, he went on to Yale University, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon and Skull and Bones graduating class of 1937. Delta Kappa Epsilon ( ΔΚΕ; also pronounced D-K-E or "Deke" is a Fraternity founded at Yale College in 1844 by 15 men of the sophomore Skull and Bones is an elite Secret society based at Yale University, in New Haven Connecticut. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was awarded Phi Beta Kappa and served as chairman of the student newspaper, The Yale Daily News. The Phi Beta Kappa Society is an academic Honor society with the mission of "fostering and recognizing excellence" in the Undergraduate Liberal arts The Yale Daily News is a Newspaper published by Yale University students in New Haven Connecticut since January 28, 1878 He graduated from Yale Law School in 1941, where he was an editor of the Yale Law Journal and a member of Phi Delta Phi. Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Yale Law Journal is a student-run journal of legal scholarship affiliated to the Yale Law School. Phi Delta Phi, ΦΔΦ, is the world's largest legal fraternity whose membership is restricted to students and practitioners of the law Other members of that era included Gerald R. Ford, Peter H. Dominick, Walter Lord, William Scranton, R. Sargent Shriver, Cyrus R. Vance, and Byron R. White. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President Peter Hoyt Dominick ( July 7, 1915 &ndash March 18, 1981) was a politician and lawyer from Colorado. Walter Lord ( October 8 1917 – May 19 2002) was an American Author, best known for his documentary-style non-fiction account William Warren Scranton (born July 19 1917) is a former US Republican Party politician. Robert Sargent Shriver Jr (born November 9 1915 is an American Democratic Politician and Activist. Cyrus Roberts Vance ( Clarksburg West Virginia, March 27, 1917 &ndash January 12, 2002) was the United States Secretary of State Byron Raymond White ( June 8, 1917 &ndash April 15, 2002) won fame both as a football Running back and as an associate justice of The last would later become his colleague on the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary.
Life experience
He served in World War II as a member of the US Navy Reserve aboard oil tankers. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United States Navy Reserve, until 2005 known as the United States Naval Reserve, is the reserve component of the United States Navy.
In 1943, he married Mary Ann Bertles in a ceremony at Bruton Episcopal Church in Williamsburg, Virginia. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Williamsburg is a city located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia His brother, Zeph Stewart (also an initiate of Delta Kappa Epsilon and Skull and Bones), was the best man. Delta Kappa Epsilon ( ΔΚΕ; also pronounced D-K-E or "Deke" is a Fraternity founded at Yale College in 1844 by 15 men of the sophomore Skull and Bones is an elite Secret society based at Yale University, in New Haven Connecticut. They eventually had a daughter, Harriet (Virkstis), and two sons, Potter, Jr. and David.
He was employed in private practice at the law firm of Dinsmore & Shohl, LLP in Cincinnati and at the age of 39, in 1954, he was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit is a federal court with Appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts
Supreme Court service
In 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated Stewart to the Supreme Court to replace Justice Harold Hitz Burton, who was retiring. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Harold Hitz Burton ( June 22, 1888 &ndash October 28, 1964) served as the 45th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, a member
Stewart was temperamentally inclined to moderate positions, but was often in a dissenting posture during his time on the Warren Court. The Warren Court (1953-1969 represents a period in the history of the Supreme Court of the United States that was marked by one of the starkest and most dramatic Stewart believed that the majority on the Warren Court had adopted readings of the First Amendment Establishment Clause (Abington Township v. Schempp (1963)), the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination (Miranda v. Arizona (1966)), and Fourteenth Amendment guarantee of Equal Protection with regard to voting rights (Reynolds v. Sims (1964)) which went beyond the intention of the framers. Abington Township School District v Schempp (consolidated with Murray v Miranda v Arizona (consolidated with Westover v United States, Vignera v Reynolds v Sims, 377 US 533 ( 1964) was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that state legislature districts had to be Stewart dissented in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) on the ground that, while the Connecticut statute barring the use of contraceptives seemed to him an "uncommonly silly law," he could not find a general "Right of Privacy" in the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause. Griswold v Connecticut, 381 US 479 ( 1965) was a Landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the
Prior to the appointment of Warren Burger as Chief Justice, many speculated that President Richard Nixon would elevate Stewart to the post, some going so far as to call him the front-runner. Warren Earl Burger ( September 17 1907 – June 25 1995) was Chief Justice of the United States from 1969 to 1986 The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U Stewart, though flattered by the suggestion, did not want again to appear before--and expose his family to--the Senate confirmation process. Nor did he relish the prospect of taking on the administrative responsibilities delegated to the Chief Justice. Accordingly, he met privately with the president to ask that his name be removed from consideration. [1]
On the Burger Court, Stewart was seen as a centrist justice and was often influential, joining the decision in Furman v. Georgia (1972) which invalidated all death penalty laws then in force, and then joining in the Court's decision four years later, Gregg v. Georgia, which upheld the revised capital punishment legislation adopted in a majority of the states. Furman v Georgia, was a United States Supreme Court decision that ruled on the requirement for a degree of consistency in the application of the death penalty Capital punishment of a Felon in the United States, in modern times is employed and in practice only in cases involving murder Gregg v Georgia, Proffitt v Florida, Jurek v Texas, Woodson v Despite his earlier dissent in Griswold, Stewart changed his views on the "Right of Privacy" and was a key mover behind the Court's decision in Roe v. Wade (1973), which recognized the right to abortion under the "Right of Privacy. Roe v Wade, 410 US 113 (1973 is a controversial United States Supreme Court case that resulted in a Landmark decision regarding " Stewart opposed the Vietnam War and on a number of occasions urged the Supreme Court to grant certiorari on cases challenging the constitutionality of the war. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Certiorari (ˌsɚʃioʊ('rɛri 'rɑri is a legal term in Roman, English, Philippine and American law referring to a type of Writ
He was the lone dissenter in the landmark juvenile law case In Re Gault (1967). In re Gault, 387 US 1 ( 1967) was a landmark US Supreme Court decision which established that under the Fourteenth Amendment That case extended to minors the right to be informed of rights and the right to an attorney, which had been granted to adults in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966), respectively. In law the term minor (also infant or infancy) is used to refer to a person who is under the age in which one legally assumes Adulthood and is legally Gideon v Wainwright,, is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history Miranda v Arizona (consolidated with Westover v United States, Vignera v
To the lay public, Stewart may be best known for a quotation, or a fragment thereof, from his opinion in the obscenity case of Jacobellis v. Ohio (1964). Obscenity (in Latin obscenus, meaning "foul repulsive detestable" is a term that is most often used in a legal context to Jacobellis v Ohio, 378 US 184 ( 1964) was a United States Supreme Court decision handed down in 1964 involving whether the state of Ohio could Stewart wrote in his short concurrence that "hard-core pornography" was hard to define, but that "I know it when I see it. Pornography or porn is the explicit depiction of Sexual subject matter with the sole intention of sexually exciting the viewer The Phrase " I know it when I see it " is a colloquial expression by which the user attempts to categorize an observable fact or event although the category is subjective " Usually dropped from the quote is the remainder of that sentence, "and the motion picture involved in this case is not that. " He later recanted this view in Miller v. California, in which he accepted that his prior view was simply untenable. Miller v California, was an important United States Supreme Court case involving what constitutes unprotected Obscenity for First Amendment
Stewart remained on the Court until his retirement in July 1981 at the age of 66. He was succeeded by Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court. Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is an American Jurist.
He died in 1985 after suffering a stroke near his vacation home in New Hampshire, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. [1]
After his retirement, he appeared in a series of public television specials about the United States Constitution with Fred W. Friendly. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. Fred Friendly should not be confused with Ed Friendly. Fred W
Stewart's personal and official papers are archived at the manuscript library of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. However, all files concerning Stewart's service are closed to researchers until all the justices with whom Stewart served have left the court. Thus, the files are expected to be made public following the departure from the court of Justice John Paul Stevens, who is the last sitting justice who served with Stewart. John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is currently the most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Stevens considers Stewart his judicial hero. [2]
References
- ^ Woodward, Bob; Scott Armstrong (September 1979). The Brethren. Simon & Schuster. Simon & Schuster Inc, a division of CBS Corporation, is a Publisher founded in New York in 1924 by Richard L ISBN 0-671-24110-9.
- ^ Justice John Paul Stevens - Supreme Court - Law - Washington - New York Times
| Legal offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Xenophon Hicks |
Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 1954–1958 |
Succeeded by Lester LeFevre Cecil |
| Preceded by Harold Hitz Burton |
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States October 14, 1958 – July 3, 1981 |
Succeeded by Sandra Day O'Connor |
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