Poti ფოთი
Poti ფოთი Location of Poti in Georgia
Coordinates: 42°09′0″N 41°40′0″E / 42.15, 41.66667
Country	Georgia
Mkhare	Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Established	7th century BC
Elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population (2002)
- Total	47,149
Time zone	GMT (UTC+4)
- Summer (DST)	GMT (UTC+5)

Poti (Georgian: ფოთი) is a port city in Georgia, located on the eastern Black Sea coast in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti in the west of the country. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Mkhare (მხარე is a Subdivision in the country of Georgia. The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London UTC+4 time zone is used as Moscow Summer Time Iraq Summer Time Azerbaijan Time Single zone countries Daylight saving time ( DST Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London UTC+5 is the Timezone for Pakistan Standard Time West Asia Standard Time. Georgian (ka ქართული ენა kartuli ena) is the Official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Mkhare (მხარე is a Subdivision in the country of Georgia. Built near the site of ancient Greek colony of Phasis, the city has become major port city and industrial center since the early 20th century. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Phasis (Φάσις was an ancient and early medieval city on the eastern Black Sea coast founded in the 7th/6th century BC as a colony of the Milesian Greeks It is also a home to a main naval base and headquarters of the Georgian navy. The Georgian Navy (Georgian Naval Forces საქართველოს სამხედრო საზღვაო ძალები sak'art'velos samkhedro-sazghvao The Poti port area is planned to become a free economic zone within the framework of a Georgian-United Arab Emirates project inaugurated in April 2008. The Poti Sea Port (ფოთის საზღვაო ნავსადგური p’ot’is sazghvao navsadguri) is a major Seaport and harbor off the eastern Many countries have or have had at some time designated areas where companies are taxed very lightly or not at all to encourage development or for some other reason

Contents 1 Geography and climate 2 Etymology 3 History 3.1 Ancient and medieval history 3.2 Modern history 4 Economy 5 Military 6 Sister Cities 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links

Geography and climate

Poti is situated 312 km west of Georgia’s capital Tbilisi, in a marshy delta created by the major river of western Georgia, the Rioni, at its entrance into the Black Sea. Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Phasis redirects here For the Butterfly Genus, see Phasis (butterfly. The city lies at an altitude of two meters above sea level. A portion of Poti's environs recovered from the marshes now accommodate citrus plantation. The city is surrounded with the Kolkheti National Park. It is flanked by the small river Kaparchina to the south-east and the lake Paliastomi to the south-west. Lake Paliastomi (პალიასტომი also transliterated as Paleaostom is a small Lake near the city of Poti, Georgia, connected Some 5 km to the south is the village Maltaqva, a local beach resort. Climate is humid subtropical, with mild and warm winters and hot summers. Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters The average annual temperature is 14. 1 °C; 2 °C in January, and 22. 9 °C in July. Rainfall is abundant and reaches 1,960 mm per annum.

Etymology

The name Poti is apparently linked to Phasis, but the etymology is a matter of a scholarly dispute. "Phasis" (Greek: Φάσις) is first recorded in Hesiod's Theogony (c. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Hesiod ( Greek: Hesiodos) was an early Greek Poet and Rhapsode, who presumably lived around 700 BCE Theogony ( Greek: Θεογονία theogonia = the birth of God(s is a Poem by Hesiod describing the origins and genealogies 700 BC) as a name of the river, not a town. Phasis redirects here For the Butterfly Genus, see Phasis (butterfly. Since Erich Diehl, 1938, first suggested a non-Hellenic origin of the name and asserted that Phasis might have been a derivative of a local hydronym, several explanations have been proposed, linking the name to the Georgian-Zan *Poti, Svan *Pasid, and even to a Semitic word, meaning "a gold river. A hydronym (from Greek hudor, "water" and onuma, "name" is a proper name of a body of water The Zan language, or Zanuri, is a conventional term used by some linguists to describe the unity of Mingrelian and Laz, which are the closest The Svan language (ლუშნუ ნინ/შკა̈ნ lušnu nin/šḳän; სვანური ენა svanuri ena) is a language spoken in Northwest The Semitic languages are a Language family whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, "^[1]

History

Ancient and medieval history

The recorded history of Poti and its environs spans over 26 centuries. In Classical antiquity and early Middle Ages, the area was occupied by the Greek polis of Phasis which was established by the colonists from Miletus led by one Themistagoras at the very end of the 7th, and probably at the beginning of the 6th century BC. Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean The Early Middle Ages is a period in the History of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500 The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca A polis ( πόλις, pronunciation, in English-- plural poleis ( πόλεις, pronunciation, in English --is a City, a Phasis (Φάσις was an ancient and early medieval city on the eastern Black Sea coast founded in the 7th/6th century BC as a colony of the Milesian Greeks Miletus (mī lē' təs ( Ancient Greek: Μίλητος literally Transliterated Milētos, Latin Miletus) was an Ancient

After many years of uncertainty and academic debate, the site of this settlement now seems to be established, thanks to underwater archaeology under tough conditions. Apparently the lake which the well-informed ancient Greek author Strabo reported as bounding one side of Phasis has now engulfed it, or part of it. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. Yet, a series of questions regarding the town’s exact location and identification of its ruins remains open due largely to the centuries-long geomorphologic processes of the area as the lower reaches of the Rioni are prone to changes of course across the wetland. Phasis appears to have been an important center of trade and culture in Colchis throughout the Classical period. In ancient Geography, Colchis or Kolchis ( Georgian and Laz: კოლხეთი k'olxeti; Greek:, Kolchís ^[2][3] The section along the river Phasis was a vital component of the presumed trade route from India to the Black Sea, attested by Strabo and Pliny. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author ^[4]

Between the 6th and 2nd centuries BC, the town played an active role in these contacts. During the Third Mithridatic War, Phasis came under the Roman control. The Third Mithridatic War ( 75 - 65 BC) was one of three Mithridatic Wars fought between Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman Republic Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC It was where the Roman commander-in-chief Pompey, having crossed into Colchis from Iberia, met the legate Servilius, the admiral of his Euxine fleet in 65 BC. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation This article is about the people of ancient Georgia For the Iberians of ancient Iberian Peninsula see Iberians. A legatus (often anglicized as legate) was a general in the Roman army, equivalent to a modern general officer ^[5] After the introduction of Christianity, Phasis was a seat of a Greek diocese one of whose bishops, Cyrus, became a Patriarch of Alexandria between 630 and 641 AD. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Patriarch of Alexandria is the Archbishop of Alexandria and Cairo, Egypt. During the Lazic War between the Eastern Roman and Sassanid Iranian empires (542-562) Phasis was attacked, unsuccessfully, by the Iranian troops. The Lazic War also known as the Great War of Egrisi ( Georgian: ეგრისის დიდი ომი Egrisis Didi Omi) in Georgian historiography The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire

In the 8th century, the name Poti enters the Georgian written sources. It remained a place of a maritime trade within the Kingdom of Georgia and was known to medieval European travelers as Fasso. The history of Georgia began with the rise of the early Georgian states of Colchis and Iberia, which in c ^[6] In the 14th century, the Genoese established a trading factory, which proved to be short-lived. The Most Serene Republic of Genoa (Repubblica di Genova was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from the 11th century

Modern history

In 1578, Poti was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Turks, who knew the town as Faş, heavily fortified it and made it into one of their Caucasian outposts which was also home to a great slave market. A combined army of the western Georgian princes recovered Poti in 1640, but the town fell under the Ottoman sway again in 1723. Another futile attempt to dispossess the Ottomans of Poti was made by Russo-Georgian forces in 1770 and 1771. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Once Russia took control of most of principal Georgian lands in the 1800s, it again attempted to evict the Turkish garrison from Poti and succeeded in doing so with the help of Georgian irregulars in 1809, but was coerced to return the fortress to the Ottomans in the Treaty of Bucharest (1812). The Treaty of Bucharest between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, was signed on May 28, 1812 in Bucharest at the end The next Russo-Turkish War resulted in the gain of Poti by Russia. The Russo–Turkish War of 1828–1829 was sparked by the Greek War of Independence. The town was subordinated to the Governorate of Kutais and granted the status of a port town in 1858. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The seaport was reconstructed between 1863 and 1905. In 1872, the town became the terminus of the Caucasian railway, whence the line led direct to Tiflis (Tbilisi). Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari

Poti particularly grew in size and importance during the mayorship of Niko Nikoladze between 1894 and 1912. Niko Nikoladze (ნიკო ნიკოლაძე ( 27 September, 1843, – 5 June, 1928) was a notable Georgian publicist pro- Considered to be the founding father of a modern Poti, Nikoladze presided over a series of modernizing and construction projects, including a drama theatre, large cathedral, 2 gymnasiums, electric station, an oil refinery, etc. Poti Cathedral (ფოთის საკათედრო ტაძარი or Poti Soboro Cathedral, is a Georgian Orthodox church in downtown Poti By 1900, Poti had become one of the major ports on the Black Sea, exporting most of Georgia’s manganese and coal. ^[7] During the First Russian Revolution, Poti became a scene of workers’ strikes and barricade fighting in December 1905. See also Russian Revolution (1917 The 1905 Russian Revolution also known as the Failed Russian Revolution of 1905 was an empire-wide struggle of ^[8] During the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the ensuing Russian Civil War, Poti was Georgia’s principal window to Europe, also serving as the portal of entry for successive German and British expeditionary forces. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed On May 28, 1918, a German-Georgian preliminary treaty of alliance was signed at Poti. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Treaty of Poti was a provisional agreement between the German Empire and the Democratic Republic of Georgia in which the latter accepted German protection and On March 14, 1921, Poti was occupied by the invading Red Armies of Soviet Russia which installed a Soviet government in Georgia. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Red Army invasion of Georgia also known as the Soviet-Georgian War ( February 15 – March 17 1921) was a military campaign by the Soviet During the Soviet era, Poti retained its principal function of a seaport and the town was further industrialized and militarized.

Economy

Service and food industry represent the most important sectors of the economy. The Poti Sea Port (7. The Poti Sea Port (ფოთის საზღვაო ნავსადგური p’ot’is sazghvao navsadguri) is a major Seaport and harbor off the eastern 7 million tons per annum) is operational.

In April 2008, Georgia sold a 51% stake of the Poti port to the Investment Authority of the UAE’s Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) emirate to develop a free economic zone (FEZ) in a 49-year management concession, and to manage a new port terminal. Ras Al-Khaimah ( Arabic: رأس الخيمة,, literally "The Top of the Tent" is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates Many countries have or have had at some time designated areas where companies are taxed very lightly or not at all to encourage development or for some other reason The creation of a new FEZ was officially inaugurated by the President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili on April 15, 2008. The President of Georgia (საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი is the Commander-in-chief of Georgia. Mikheil Saakashvili (მიხეილ ნიკოლოზის ძე სააკაშვილი (born 21 December 1967, a Georgian Politician, the Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[9]

Military

The Poti naval base was organized by the Soviet government in July 1941, a month after the German invasion during World War II. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Commanded by the major-general Mikhail Kumanin, the base operated as a part of the Black Sea Fleet and included 2 submarine divisions, a torpedo boat division, coastal guard boat division, 2 minesweepers, 4 coastal and 6 missile batteries, etc. The Black Sea Fleet (Черноморский Флот is a large sub-unit of the Russian (and formerly Soviet) Navy, operating in the Black Sea A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability A torpedo boat is a relatively small and fast naval Ship designed to carry Torpedoes into battle A minesweeper is a Naval Warship designed to counter the threat posed by Naval mines The dedicated purpose-built minesweeper first appeared during After the German capture of Sevastopol and Novorossiysk in 1942, several destroyers were transferred to be based at Poti which, together with another Georgian port city of Batumi functioned as a secondary harbor in the Black Sea Campaigns (1941-44). History In antiquity the shores of the Tsemess Bay were the site of Bata, an ancient Greek colony that specialized in the Grain trade In naval terminology a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance Warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, Convoy Batumi (ბათუმი formerly Batum or Batoum) is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast and Capital of Adjara, an Autonomous The Black Sea Campaigns (1941-44 describes operations of the Axis naval forces in the Black Sea and its coastal regions during the Second World War, including in By the early 1990s, the Poti base had accommodated several smaller units of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, but became essentially defunct after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 In December 1992, Russia withdrew all its vessels and ammunition from the Poti naval base, but an ethnic Georgian commander of one landing ship refused to obey Moscow’s order and displayed a Georgian flag. At almost the same time, the Georgian government created a Joint Naval Brigade, consisting of several boats, a battalion of marines, an artillery division and a communication detachment. Since then, the Brigade has been enlarged and reequipped with the help of the NATO-member states. The North Atlantic Treaty ^[10]

On October 9, 1993, a war-torn Georgia had to legalize the Russian military presence in the country, and lease, among other military facilities, the Poti base to the Russian navy. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The Georgian Civil War consisted of inter-ethnic and inter-national conflicts in the regions of South Ossetia (1988-1992 and Abkhazia (1992-1993 as well However, Georgia continued, though fruitlessly, to claim the vessels formerly stationed at Poti as a part of a tripartite Russo-Ukrainian-Georgian dispute over the Soviet Black Sea Fleet shares. The Black Sea Fleet (Черноморский Флот is a large sub-unit of the Russian (and formerly Soviet) Navy, operating in the Black Sea ^[11] By September 1998, the Russian military personnel had been withdrawn from Poti to then-Russian base at Batumi under a Russo-Georgian agreement signed earlier that year. ^[12]

Currently, Poti is a home to several of Georgia’s military facilities. These are the headquarters and main base of the Georgian navy, a chief logistic support base and a naval squadron as well as a Separate Light Infantry Battalion of the Ground Forces. The Georgian Navy (Georgian Naval Forces საქართველოს სამხედრო საზღვაო ძალები sak'art'velos samkhedro-sazghvao

Sister Cities

• LaGrange, Georgia, USA
• Burgas, Bulgaria
• Larnaca, Cyprus
• Aktau, Kazakhstan (2005)

Notes

References

• Otar Lordkipanidze (2000), Phasis: The River and City in Colchis. Franz Steiner Verlag, ISBN 3515070702.
• Stephen F. Jones (2005), Socialism in Georgian Colors: The European Road to Social Democracy, 1883-1917. Stephen F Jones is an American expert on post- Communist societies in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe who currently serves as a Professor Harvard University Press, ISBN 0674019024. Harvard University Press ( HUP) is a Publishing house, a division of Harvard University, that is highly respected in Academic publishing.
• Richard J. A. Talbert et al (ed. , 2000), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press, ISBN 0691049459. The Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

External links

• Poti city web site
• Poti Sea Port authority web site
• Chart of Poti port

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