The present day governments thought of as great powers and the potential great powers. The US is also referred to as a superpower. A superpower is a State with a leading position in the international system and the ability to Influence events and project power on a worldwide scale

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UNSC Permanent members      Current great power. ^{(China, France, Russia, United Kingdom and United States)} G4 Nations (UNSC Reform)      Emerging great power. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Reform of the United Nations Security Council encompasses a variety of proposals including procedural reforms such as eliminating the veto held by the five permanent members ^(India)      Potential great power. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country ^(Brazil)      Economic power only. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld ^{(Germany and Japan)}

In international relations, a great power is a nation or state that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Such potential derives from a mix of elements, such as natural resources, industrial capacity, military forces, population size, and popular support for the government. Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified ( natural) form For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking In Population genetics and Population ecology, population size (usually denoted N) is the number of individual Organisms in a Population For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Economic capability determines the military potential of individual states. For this reason, the best single indicator of a state’s great-power potential may be its total gross domestic product (GDP). ^[1]

Academics and political analysts predict the possible rise of potential great powers in the 21st century, mentioning two candidates. The 21st century is the current century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Whether the Federative Republic of Brazil, ^[2] and the Republic of India,^[3] will be future great powers is a matter of ongoing debate. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country While both Brazil and India are already regional giants that exercise large regional influence and have the potential to become great powers in the present century,^[4] India also has the potential to become a superpower. Academics have speculated on Nations that are potential superpowers in the 21st century mentioning several candidates ^[5]

Brazil

Federative Republic of Brazil

The Federative Republic of Brazil has been recently suggested as a potential candidate for great power status,^{[6][7][8][9][10][11][2][4][12][13]} and the country has a good chance of emerging as the world’s few great powers without nuclear weapons. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. ^[14][15] Brazil is the fifth-largest country by geographical area, the fifth most populous country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world. This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Brazil will become an economic superpower by 2050 if its growth rate remains at 3. 5 percent per year, Jim O'Neill said at the Goldman Sachs report called BRIC. James Leo (Jim O'Neill ( February 23, 1893 - September 5, 1976) was a backup Shortstop in Major League Baseball who played The Goldman Sachs Group Inc, or simply Goldman Sachs ( is a large global Bank holding company that engages in Investment banking securities In economics BRIC or BRICs is an acronym that refers to the fast growing developing economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China ^[16] He said an annual growth rate of 5 percent, which the Brazilian government aims to achieve in the next few years, would be fabulous; if Brazil sticks to an inflation target of 4. Politics of Brazil takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of Brazil 5 percent per year for the next five years, it will certainly help the country accomplish this goal, O'Neill added. ^[11][17] It was Charles de Gaulle who once said, "Brazil has a great future. Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French But it always will have. "^[7] The country is currently considered an "agricultural superpower"^[18][19] and an "oil superpower"^[20][21] due to its vast resources and production in those areas. Brazil is endowed with vast agricultural resources There are two distinct agricultural areas Brazil is the 10th largest energy consumer in the world and the largest in South America. ^[22][23] "We will transform this country, definitively, into a great economy and a great nation," said Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (pronounced /lu'iz i'nasju 'lulɐ da 'siwvɐ/; born October 27, 1945) known simply as Lula, is the thirty-fifth and ^[8] From Wall Street to the World Trade Organization, Brazil is finally punching its weight with a booming economy and stronger global leadership. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. ^[17][24][25]

Keen to transform itself from developing nation to world power, Brazil is also presiding over a UN stabilisation force in conflict-ridden Haiti. Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole: Paulo Cordeiro, the country's former ambassador in Port-au-Prince, said the presence of Brazilian troops was a "demonstration of Brazil . PortAuPrinceTapTapjpg|right|thumb|270px|A taptap (shared taxi in central Port-au-Prince . . wanting more responsibility. I think Brazil has already reached a certain level of development in which the international community starts calling on it to act more. "^[8] Brazil's economic potential has been anticipated for decades, but it had until recently consistently failed to achieve investor expectations. ^[26] Only in recent years has the country established a framework of political, economic, and social policies^[27] that allowed it to resume consistent growth. ^[7][15] In February, when the government announced that it had paid off its foreign debt, Lula boasted that Brazil had "taken an extremely important step towards transforming itself into a country taken seriously in the financial world". External debt (or foreign debt) is that part of the total debt in a country that is owed to Creditors outside the country ^[8] The result has been solid and paced economic development that rival its early 1970's "miracle years", as reflected in its expanding capital markets, lowest unemployment rates in decades, and consistent international trade surpluses - that led to the accumulation of reserves and liquidation of foreign debt. ^[7][8][15] During the last three years of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's tenure, which dates back to the year 2000, Brazil’s gross domestic product growth rate has skyrocketed from a passable one percent to an impressive nearly six percent. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (pronounced /lu'iz i'nasju 'lulɐ da 'siwvɐ/; born October 27, 1945) known simply as Lula, is the thirty-fifth and ^[10] Free trade, an idea toyed with during the late 1990s, finally became a solidified certainty for the nation’s businesses. ^[10] Many, viewing the dismal inflation-consumed performance of the 1980s and early 1990s, with a currency adding zeros faster than the printing presses could turn, believed Brazil could never make it, especially with a former sociology professor, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, becoming president followed by a leftist populist, the present president, Lula. Fernando Henrique Cardoso, PC (born June 18, 1931) - also known by his initials FHC - was the President of the Federative Republic of But indeed it is happening. ^[28] Cardoso practised fiscal prudence, stabilized the currency, and initiated the first real reforms of Brazil’s bloated bureaucracy and feudal inefficiencies. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is ^[7] Brazil’s diversity places it in a position of distinction in the South American continent and strongly influences the attraction of foreign investment. ^[29][30]

The South American nation has a head start on India and China. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National It has been developing in its sometime madcap way for over 100 years. Between 1960 and 1980, Brazil doubled its per capita income, an achievement that was only surpassed by the later growth spurts of the East Asian countries. ^[15][14] Unlike China and India, Brazil is primed to be a world superpower. This is because Brazil possesses something both Indian and Chinese entrepreneurs long for: a stable platform upon which to trade. ^[10][6][31] "Brazil's international leadership has grown a great deal over the last six or seven years. It will enhance its importance in South America and the world as an energy supplier, and that translates into political power," said the University of Brasília's Fleischer, citing Brazil's involvement in the United Nations mission and its leadership of the emerging nations in the Doha Development Round. The University of Brasília (in Portuguese: Universidade de Brasília, known simply as UnB) is one of the largest and one of the most prestigious The Doha Development Round is the current trade-negotiation round of the World Trade Organization (WTO which commenced in November 2001 The tendency is for this influence to keep growing. ^[8][2]

Facts in favour

Christ the Redeemer, one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Christ the Redeemer (O Cristo Redentor is a Statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. New Seven Wonders of the World is a project that attempts to revive the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World concept with a list of modern wonders

Brazil is finally punching its weight with a booming economy and stronger global leadership. ^[32] The economy was previously plagued by boom and bust cycles and rampant inflation, and Brazil was for long dubbed the eternal "country of the future", always promising much but never delivering. ^[17] Now it is growing at rates of around 5 percent, helping secure its place as one of the four so-called BRIC major emerging economies along with Russia, India and China, that collectively represent the world's economic future. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ^[16] Once an economic basket case, even by emerging market standards, Brazil has staged a remarkable recovery and now promises to become a major global power. ^[9] Brazilians are waiting nervously to see what the world has in store for their fragile economy, but have already done a lot to make their country stronger. ^[33] Brazil's booming economy is shifting into overdrive, with biofuels and deep-water oil providing energy independence and the government collecting enough cash to irrigate the desert and pave highways across the Amazon. An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is ^[24] For decades, Brazilians have felt their once-backward nation deserved a starring role on the world stage. Now it may be getting one. ^[2] The boom in commodities and credit has played a part in fuelling the rise of Bovespa, the Brazilian stock market. ^[34]

The ratings agency Standard & Poor's raised Brazilian debt to investment grade. The upgrades reflect the maturation of Brazil's institutions and policy framework, as evidenced by the easing of fiscal and external debt burdens and improved trend growth prospects. ^[35] So that's the Brazilian economic miracle. ^[36] Brazil has incredible potential to produce a sustained economic growth story and a vibrant middle class with it. That's why Brazil is the most attractive Latin American market, according to a Santander Investment survey of buy-side analysts and hedge fund managers. ^[6] Yet there are reasons to believe that South America's economic powerhouse of 190 million people is starting to count in the world. Economic growth has risen steadily, to 5. 4% last year. ^[21] Brazil's National Petroleum Agency (ANP) says another nearby discovery might hold as much as 33 billion barrels, which would make it the third-largest field ever found. The Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum Natural Gas and Biofuels (Agência Nacional do Petróleo Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis - ANP is the federal government agency linked to the That alone would be enough to raise Brazil to eighth position in the global oil rankings, transform the country in energy superpower. ^[37]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Brazil

São Paulo, symbol of Brazil's economic power. Brazil has a moderate free market and export-oriented economy São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world

Brazil has a moderate free market and export-oriented economy. ^[33] Measured nominally, its Gross Domestic Product surpasses a trillion dollars with USD 1. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 313 trillion, the tenth in the world and the third in the Americas;^[38] measured by purchasing power parity, $1. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 835 trillion, making it the ninth largest economy in the world and the second largest in the Americas, after the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[39] Brazil's currency, the real, recently hit a nine-year-high against the dollar, inflation is under control and millions of Brazilians are being propelled towards a new middle class. The real (meaning "royal" ɹeˈal in English, [xe{{IPA|ˈ}}aw] in Brazilian Portuguese) ( sign: R$; code: The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. ^[8][2] Last week, meanwhile, Brazil was awarded "investment grade" status by the financial rating agency Standard & Poor's, sending the country's stocks soaring to an all-time high. A bond is considered investment grade or IG if its credit rating is BBB- or higher by Standard & Poor's or Baa3 or higher by Moody's Standard & Poor's ( S&P) is a division of McGraw-Hill that publishes financial research and analysison Stocks and bonds. ^[40][41][42] Its nominal GDP per capita has surpassed USD 6,937 in 2007^[43] and according PPP, USD 9,695. ^[44]

The country’s scientific and technological development is argued to be attractive to foreign direct investment, which has averaged US$ 20 billion per year the last years, compared to only USD 2 billion/year last decade,^[45] thus showing a remarkable growth. Brazilian science and technology have achieved a significant position in the international arena in the last decades Foreign direct investment ( FDI) in its classic definition is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country The agricultural sector, locally called the agronegócio sector, has also been remarkably dynamic: for two decades this sector has kept Brazil amongst the most highly productive countries in areas related to the rural sector. ^[45][46][47] The owner of a sophisticated technological sector, Brazil develops projects that range from submarines to aircraft and has an advanced space program: with significant capabilities to launch vehicles, launch sites and satellite manufacturing,^{[48][49][50][51]} and was the only country in the Southern Hemisphere to integrate the team responsible for the construction of the International Space Station (ISS). A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability The Brazilian space program is the most advanced space program in Latin America, with significant capabilities in Launch vehicles Launch sites and Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' ^[52] On 2006 AEB astronaut Marcos Pontes became the first Brazilian and the first native Portuguese-speaking person to go into space, where he stayed on the International Space Station for a week. The Brazilian Space Agency ( Portuguese: Agência Espacial Brasileira; AEB) is the civilian authority in Brazil that is in charge of the Marcos Cesar Pontes (born March 11, 1963) is a Brazilian Air Force pilot ^[53]

Politics

Main article: Politics of Brazil

Brasília, house of Brazil's political power. Politics of Brazil takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of Brazil Brasília (bɾaˈziliɐ is the Capital of Brazil. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country along a Plateau

Brazil is the most important political and economic power in Latin America. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area ^[54][55][56] Brazilian foreign policy has recently aimed to strengthen ties with other South American countries, engage in multilateral diplomacy through the United Nations and the Organization of American States. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Organization of American States ( OAS, or as it is known in the three other official languages OEA) is an International organization, headquartered Brazil's foreign policy is a byproduct of the country's unique position as a great power in Latin America, a leader among developing countries and an emerging superpower. A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale Developing countries are countries that haven't reached Western-style standards of democratic government free market economy industrialization social programs and human rights guaranties A superpower is a State with a leading position in the international system and the ability to Influence events and project power on a worldwide scale ^[57][58][59]

Brazil has a large global network of diplomatic missions, and maintains diplomatic relations with every country in the world, with the exception of seven countries. Brazil has a large global network of diplomatic missions, with representations in over 106 countries Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states The country is a charter member of the United Nations and participates in many of its specialized agencies. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security It has contributed troops to UN peacekeeping efforts in the Middle East, the former Belgian Congo, Cyprus, Mozambique, Angola, and more recently East Timor and Haiti (MINUSTAH). The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The Belgian Congo ( Dutch: Belgisch Kongo French: Congo Belge German: Belgisch Kongo was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste (officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) is a country in Southeast Asia. Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole: The United Nations Stabilization Mission In Haiti (Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en Haïti also known as MINUSTAH, an Acronym of the French ^[60] Brazil has been a member of the UN Security Council nine times, most recently 2004-2005. The nation is currently seeking a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. It is a member of the G4, an organization of Brazil, Germany, Japan, and India, all nations who are currently seeking permanent representation. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. ^[61] Brazilian Antarctica is the name of the Antarctic territory south of 60°S, and from 28°W to 53°W, designated by the country as its Zone of Interest. Brazilian Antarctica ( Antártica Brasileira) is the name of the Antarctic territory south of 60°S and from 28°W to 53°W designated by Brazil in ^[62][63] Brazil's Antarctic geopolitics are reinforced by the notion of Brazilian grandeza which, Brazilians feel, will be part of the country's eventual status as a world superpower. Brazilian analysts and officials have often stressed Brazil's special geopolitical status as a superpower sitting astride key navigation sea lanes of communication in the Atlantic from the Equator to Antarctica. The equator (sometimes referred to colloquially as "the Line") is the intersection of the Earth 's surface with the plane perpendicular to the ^[64]

Military

Main article: Military of Brazil

Brazilian Army troops before boarding for MINUSTAH peacekeeping mission in Haiti. The Brazilian Army is the land arm of the Brazilian Military. The United Nations Stabilization Mission In Haiti (Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en Haïti also known as MINUSTAH, an Acronym of the French Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is "a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole:

Brazil has one of the largest defense budgets^(12th) and armed forces^(18th) in the world. This is a list of countries by military expenditures using the latest information available This list of countries by size of armed forces displays national troop levels by active troop strength number of Naval combatants fighter aircraft and Nuclear weapons. ^[65][66] The Armed forces of Brazil comprise the Brazilian Army, the Brazilian Navy, and the Brazilian Air Force. The Brazilian Army is the land arm of the Brazilian Military. The Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil is the Navy of Brazil and forms part of the Brazilian Armed Forces. The Brazilian Air Force ( Portuguese: Força Aérea Brasileira, FAB) is the air branch of the Brazilian armed forces and one of the three national ^[67] It is the largest army, navy and air force in Latin America, with 91,314,740 available military manpower, 66 missile defense weapons and 1,676 armored vehicles; a 27,307-ton aircraft carrier, the NAe São Paulo and other 89 naval units; and 1,272 aircrafts. An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with Background São Paulo is the Flagship of the Brazilian Navy. It replaced the World War II -era carrier ''Minas Gerais'', which ^[65][68][69] Brazil's history after independence is marked by early territorial wars against its neighboring countries which have greatly affected the formation of current political boundaries. For example, the Argentina-Brazil War, fought over the present day territory of Uruguay established that nation's independence. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America ^[70] An armed conflict with Paraguay led to an establishment of Brazil's current border with that nation after a decisive victory. The War of the Triple Alliance, also known as the Paraguayan War, and the Great War in Paraguay itself was fought from 1864 to 1870 and caused more deaths than any ^[71] Modern activity includes participation in both World Wars along with internal struggles due to military rule, and participation in right wing military operations, such as Operation Condor. A world war is a War affecting the majority of the world's most powerful and populous nations For other uses of Operation Condor please see Operation Condor (disambiguation Operation Condor (Operación Cóndor Operação Condor was a campaign ^[72] Recent developments include participation in peacekeeping efforts after the 2004 Haiti rebellion. The 2004 Haiti coup was a regime overthrow that happened as the result of conflicts fought for several weeks in Haiti during February 2004 ^[60]

Based on Brazil's history, it is believed that the country does not possess any weapons of mass destruction. Based on Brazil 's history it is believed that the country does not possess any Weapons of mass destruction. Although a covert nuclear weapons program was pursued by Brazil under a military government in the 1980s, it was ended after the rise of an elected government in 1985. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Brazil has a program to produce enriched uranium for power plants using Zippe-type centrifuges, officially opening the Resende enrichment plant in 2006. Enriched uranium is a kind of Uranium in which the percent composition of Uranium-235 has been increased through the process of Isotope separation. The Zippe-type centrifuge is a device designed to collect Uranium-235. Resende is a Municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. ^[73][74] If Brazil decided to pursue a nuclear weapon, the centrifuges at the Resende plants could easily be reconfigured to produce enough highly enriched uranium to make a bomb quite quickly - possibly around six bombs per year. Enriched uranium is a kind of Uranium in which the percent composition of Uranium-235 has been increased through the process of Isotope separation. ^[75][76] Brazil wishes to develop a nuclear submarine fleet, and in 2007 authorised the construction of a prototype submarine propulsion reactor. A nuclear submarine is a Submarine powered by Atomic energy. Previously conventional submarines used diesel engines that required air for moving on the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Nuclear marine propulsion is propulsion of a ship powered by a Nuclear reactor. ^[77][78][79]

Energy

Main article: Energy policy of Brazil

Itaipu Dam, the world's largest hydroelectric plant by energy generation. Brazil is the 10th largest energy consumer in the world and the largest in South America. Itaipu ( Guarani: Itaipu, Portuguese: Itaipu, Spanish: Itaipú; itaiˈpu is a hydroelectric dam on Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water

Brazil is considered to have the greatest biodiversity of any country on the planet, containing more than one-third of all flora and fauna in the world. Biodiversity is the variation of Life forms within a given Ecosystem, Biome or for the entire Earth. ^[80][81] The country is known to possess extremely rich mineral deposits, although the country's resources are still not yet completely surveyed. ^[82] Brazil has the world’s largest reserves of niobium (86. Niobium (naɪˈoʊbiəm or columbium (/kəˈlʌmbiəm/ is a Chemical element that has the symbol Nb and Atomic number 41 9 %) and tantalite (62. Tantalite, ] Mn) Ta 2 O 6] is a Mineral that is close to Columbite. 5 %); the second largest reserve of graphite; the sixth largest reserves of iron ore, manganese, bauxite and uranium, with only 25 percent of the territory surveyed. The Mineral graphite, as with Diamond and Fullerene, is one of the Allotropes of carbon. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Bauxite is the most important Aluminium Ore. It consists largely of the minerals Gibbsite Al(OH3 Boehmite γ-AlO(OH and Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the ^[83] Brazil produces 90 percent of the world's supply of gems, such as diamonds, aquamarines, topazes, amethysts, tourmalines, and emeralds. In Mineralogy, diamond is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in Aquamarine (Lat aqua marinā, "water of the sea" is a Gemstone -quality transparent variety of Beryl, having a delicate blue or Turquoise Topaz is a Silicate mineral of Aluminium and Fluorine with the Chemical formula Al 2 Si[[oxygen O]]4( Amethyst is a violet variety of Quartz often used as an Ornamental stone in Jewelry. Tourmaline is a Crystal Silicate mineral compounded with elements such as Aluminium, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium, Lithium Emeralds are a variety of the Mineral Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO36 colored Green by trace amounts ^[80][84]

Brazil is one of the largest energy consumers in the world^(10th) and the largest in South America. This list of countries by Electricity consumption is mostly based on The World Factbook. It is also a pioneer in many fields, including ethanol^[85][86] production and deepwater and ultra-deep water oil production. The nation is the world's largest producer of ethanol and the world's largest exporter, and it is considered to have the world's first sustainable biofuels economy and the biofuel industry leader. Sustainability, in a general sense is the capacity to maintain a certain process or state indefinitely ^{[87][88][89][90]} In 2006, Brazil had 11. 2 billion barrels (1,780,000,000 m³) of proven oil reserves, second-largest in South America after Venezuela. The vast majority of proven reserves are located at Campos and Santos offshore basins on the southeast coast of Brazil. Campos Basin is a Petroleum rich area located offshore of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ^[91][92] In November 2007, Petrobras announced that it believes the offshore Tupi oil field has between 5 and 8 billion barrels (1,300,000,000 m³) of recoverable light oil, which could result in Brazil becoming one of the largest producers of oil in the world. The Tupi oil field is a large oil field off the coast of Brazil located in the Santos Basin. ^[93][94][95] On January 2008, Petrobras announced the discovery of the Jupiter field, a huge natural gas and condensate (very light oil) field which could equal the Tupi oil field in size (5-8 billion BOE). Petrobras ( Bovespa: PETR3 / PETR4 ( NYSE: PBR / PBRA( Latibex: XPBR / XPBRA short for Petróleo Brasileiro S On January 21, 2008, Petrobras announced the discovery of the Jupiter field, a huge Natural gas and condensate (very light oil Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Natural gas condensate is a low-density mixture of Hydrocarbon liquids that are present as gaseous components in the raw natural gas produced from many natural Gas fields The barrel of oil equivalent (bboe sometimes BOE is a unit of energy based on the approximate energy released by burning one barrel of Crude oil. ^[96][97][98] "We want to join OPEC and make oil cheaper", said the Brazilian president. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC) is a Cartel of thirteen countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador ^[99][21] With biofuels, investment in nuclear power, a sophisticated hydroelectricity programme and massive oil finds, Brazil has achieved energy independence. ^[9]

Culture

Main article: Culture of Brazil

Maracanã Stadium, the temple of Brazilian sports. Brazilian culture is a culture of a very diverse nature An ethnic and cultural mixing occurred in the colonial period between Native Americans, Portuguese The Estádio Jornalista Mário Filho, commonly called Estádio do Maracanã ("Maracanã stadium" is an open-air stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Sports in Brazil which are widely practiced and popular in the country as well as others which originated there or have some cultural significance

Brazil is an influential country in music, cuisine and sports. The Music of Brazil encompasses various regional Music styles influenced by African European and Amerindian forms The cuisine of Brazil, like Brazil itself varies greatly by region Sports in Brazil which are widely practiced and popular in the country as well as others which originated there or have some cultural significance ^[100] Brazil's cultural tradition extends to its music styles which include samba, bossa nova, forró, frevo, pagode and many others. Samba ( is one of the most popular forms of music in Brazil. It is widely viewed as Brazil's national musical style Bossa nova ( is a style of Brazilian music popularized by Antônio Carlos Jobim, Vinicius de Moraes and João Gilberto. Forró is a kind of Northeastern Brazilian dance as well as a word used to denote the different genres of music which accompanies the dance Frevo describes is a wide range of musical styles originating from Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, all of which are traditionally associated with Brazilian Pagode is a Brazilian style of music which originated in the Rio de Janeiro region as a subgenre of Samba. Brazil has also contributed to classical music, which can be seen in the works of many composers like Heitor Villa-Lobos. Heitor Villa-Lobos (March 5 1887 &ndash November 17 1959 was a Brazilian Composer, possibly the best-known classical composer born in South America Brazil is also the land of the São Paulo State Symphony, regarded as one of the outstanding orchestras in Latin America and in the world. Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo ( OSESP) ( São Paulo State Symphony) is a Symphony orchestra based in São Paulo, Brazil ^[101] In the 1950's, Antônio Carlos Jobim, Vinícius de Moraes, Baden Powell and João Gilberto popularized the Bossa Nova sound,^[102] which was followed by Brazilian Popular Music. Antonio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim ( January 25, 1927 in Rio de Janeiro &ndash December 8, 1994 in Brazil) also Vinicius de Moraes, nicknamed O Poetinha (the little poet ( October 19, 1913 - July 9, 1980) born Marcus Vinicius da Cruz Baden Powell de Aquino ( August 6, 1937 - September 26, 2000) widely known simply as Baden Powell, was a Brazilian Guitarist João Gilberto (born João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira on June 10, 1931 in Juazeiro, Bahia) is a Grammy Award Música Popular Brasileira, or MPB, literally "Brazilian Popular Music" designates a trend in post- Bossa Nova urban popular music ^[103] In the late 1960s, Tropicalismo was popularized by Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil. Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso (born August 7, 1942) better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Composer, Singer, Guitarist Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira (born June 26 1942 better known as Gilberto Gil (ʒiu̯berto ʒiu̯ is a Brazilian singer Guitarist, and songwriter ^[104]

Sports in Brazil which are widely practiced and popular in the country, as well as others which originated there or have some cultural significance. The Brazilian people are very involved in sports, and the most popular one is football by a wide margin, and can be considered a cultural phenomenon. Brazilians ( brasileiros in Portuguese) are all people born in Brazil ^[105] The Brazilian national football team is currently ranked second in the world according to the FIFA World Rankings. The Brazil national football team is the national team of Brazil and is managed by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF that represents Brazil in international History FIFA World Ranking Leaders In December 1992 FIFA first published ^[106] They have been victorious in the World Cup tournament a record five times. The FIFA World Cup, occasionally called the Football World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international Association football Some sport variations have their origins in Brazil. Beach football, futsal (official version of indoor football) and footvolley emerged in the country as variations of football. Futsal is an indoor version of Association football. Its name is derived from the Portuguese fut ebol de sal ão and the Spanish Footvolley (Futevôlei is an international sport which combines field rules that are based on those of Beach volleyball with ball-touch rules taken from Soccer Brazil is ranked first in Volleyball as in masculine as in feminine according to the FIVB World Rankings. The FIVB World Rankings is a ranking system for men's and women's national teams in Volleyball. In martial arts, Brazilians have developed Capoeira,^[107] Vale tudo,^[108] and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Capoeira (kapuˈejɾɐ is a brazilian art form that ritualizes movement from Martial arts, Games, and Dance. Vale Tudo ( Portuguese for Anything goes. The individual words translate into English as vale - "is allowed" and tudo - "everything" Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu ( BJJ) is a Martial art and Combat sport that focuses on Grappling and especially Ground fighting with the goal ^[109] Brazil has undertaken the organization of large-scale sporting events: the country organized and hosted the 1950 FIFA World Cup^[110] and is chosen to host the 2014 FIFA World Cup event. The 1950 FIFA World Cup, held in Brazil from June 24 to July 16, was the fourth staging of the World Cup and the first staged in 12 years due to World The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship ^[111] São Paulo organized the IV Pan American Games in 1963^[112] and Rio de Janeiro hosted the XV Pan American Games in 2007. The 4th Pan American Games were held from April 20 to May 5, 1963 in São Paulo, Brazil. The 2007 Pan American Games, officially known as the XV Pan American Games, is a major International Multi-sport event which was celebrated ^[113] Brazil also tried for the fourth time to host the Summer Olympics with Rio de Janeiro in 2016. The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad are an International Multi-sport event, usually quadrennial organised by the International ^[114]

Facts against

Located between some of the richest areas of Rio de Janeiro, the Rocinha favela is testimony to high economic inequality within Brazil. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Rocinha (literally Portuguese for small ranch) is the largest Favela in Brazil Favela (Portuguese and Spanish for slum) is a specifically Brazilian word for a Shanty town. Economic inequality refers to disparities in the distribution of Economic Assets and Income.

Brazil has been unable to reflect its recent economic achievements into social development. ^[115] Poverty, urban violence, growing social security debts, inefficient public services, and the low value of the minimum wage are some of the main social issues that currently challenge the Brazilian government. The rate of poverty is in part attributed to the country's economic inequality. Economic inequality refers to disparities in the distribution of Economic Assets and Income. Brazil ranks among the world's highest nations in the Gini coefficient index of inequality assessment. The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth According to Fundação Getúlio Vargas, in 2006 the rate of people living below the poverty line based on labour income was of 19. Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV ( Getulio Vargas Foundation) is a prestigious Brazilian Think tank focused on academic research undergraduate and graduate 31% of the population,^[116] a 33% reduction considering the previous three years. ^[117] Poverty in Brazil is most visually represented by the various favelas, slums in the country's metropolitan areas and remote upcountry regions that suffer with economic underdevelopment and below-par standards of living. Favela (Portuguese and Spanish for slum) is a specifically Brazilian word for a Shanty town.

There are also great differences in wealth and welfare between regions. While the Northeast region has the worst economic indicators nationwide, many cities in the South and Southeast enjoy First World socioeconomic standards,^[118] with roughly 23. An economic indicator (or business indicator) is a Statistic about the economy. The term " first world " refers to countries that are capitalist, which are technologically advanced and whose Socioeconomics or socio-economics is the study of the relationship between economic activity and Social life. 8 homicides per 100,000 residents. ^[119] The level of violence in some large urban centers is comparable to that of a war zone. ^[120][121] Analysts generally suggest the alarming social inequality as the major reason behind this problem. Muggings, robberies, kidnappings^[122] and gang violence^[123] are common in the largest cities. In Criminal law, kidnapping is the taking away or Asportation of a person against the person's will usually to hold the person in False imprisonment Police brutality and corruption are widespread. Police brutality is the world wide use of excessive force usually physical but potentially also in the form verbal attacks and psychological intimidation, by ^[124][125] Inefficient public services,^{[126][127][128]} especially those related to security, education and health, severely affect quality of life. Minimum wages fail in fulfilling the constitutional requirements set in article 7, IV, regarding living standards. Brazil currently ranks 70th in the Human Development Index list, with a high HDI (0,800). This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 The social security system is considered unreliable and has been historically submerged in large debts and graft, which have been steadily increasing along the 1990s. ^[129]

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