Potato Chips

A potato chip or crisp is a thin slice of potato, deep fried or baked until crisp. The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae Deep frying is a Cooking method in which food is submerged in hot oil or Fat. Potato chips serve as an appetizer, side dish, or snack. ApetitizerShpjpg|thumb|Swiss cuisine ( Schynige Platte)]] Hors d'œuvre ( French literally 'outside the work' English ɔrˈdɝv or appetizers are A side dish, sometimes referred to as a side order or simply a side, is a food item that accompanies the Entrée or Main course at a Meal A snack food (commonly called a snack) is seen in Western culture as a type of food not meant to be eaten as a main Meal of the day – Breakfast Commercial varieties are packaged for sale, usually in bags. The simplest chips of this kind are just cooked and salted, but manufacturers can add a wide variety of seasonings (mostly made using herbs, spices, cheese, artificial additives or MSG). Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Alternate meanings Seasoning (cast iron; Seasoning (wood; Seasoning (slave Seasoning is the process of imparting or improving A(n herb (ˈhɝb or /ˈɝb/ see pronunciation differences) is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties flavor scent or the like A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation. Monosodium glutamate, also known as sodium glutamate and MSG, is a Sodium salt of the non-essential Amino acid Glutamic acid Chips are an important part of the snack food market in English-speaking countries and many other Western nations. A snack food (commonly called a snack) is seen in Western culture as a type of food not meant to be eaten as a main Meal of the day – Breakfast

There is little consistency in the English speaking world for names of fried potato cuttings. North American English uses 'chips' for the above mentioned dish -- this term is also used in continental Europe -- and sometimes 'crisps' for the same made from batter, and 'French fries' for the hot crispy batons with a soft core. North American English is a collective term used for the varieties of the English language that are spoken in North America, namely in the United States French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal In the United Kingdom and Ireland, 'crisps' are the brittle slices eaten at room temperature and 'chips' refer to the hot dish (as in 'fish and chips'). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Fish and chips (sometimes written " fish ’n’ chips " is a popular Take-away food originating from the United Kingdom. In Australia, New Zealand and some parts of South Africa, both forms of potato product are simply known as 'chips', as are the larger "home-style" potato chips. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Sometimes the distinction is made between 'hot chips' (French fried potatoes) and 'packet chips'.

Non-potato based chips also exist. Kumara (sweet potato) chips are eaten in New Zealand and Japan; parsnip crisps are available in the United Kingdom. The sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas) is a Dicotyledonous plant which belongs to the family Convolvulaceae New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The parsnip ( Pastinaca sativa) is a Root vegetable related to the Carrot. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located India is famous for a large number of localized 'chips shops', selling not only potato chips but also other varieties such as plantain chips, yam chips and even carrot chips. The plantain is a crop in the genus Musa and is generally used for cooking in contrast to the soft sweet Banana (which is sometimes called the In Australia, a new variety of Pringles made from rice have been released and marketed as lower in fat than their potato counterparts. In many countries potato chips have been criticized because of their high fat percentage (approx. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water 35%) and their acrylamide content. The Chemical compound acrylamide (acrylic Amide) has the Chemical formula C 3 H 5 N[[Oxygen O]]

Origins

Saratoga chips

It was believed that the original potato chip recipe was created by African American chef George Crum, at Moon's Lake House near Saratoga Springs, New York, on August 24, 1853. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa For the American composer see George Crumb. For the conductor and music coach see George Crum (musician George "Speck" Crum Saratoga Springs is a City in Saratoga County, New York, USA. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common He was fed up with a customer (the popular myth wrongly identifies him as Cornelius Vanderbilt) who continued to send his fried potatoes back, claiming that they were too thick and soggy. Cornelius Vanderbilt ( May 27 1794 &ndash January 4 1877) also known by the Sobriquets The Commodore or Crum decided to slice the potatoes so thin that they couldn't be eaten with a fork, nor fried normally in a pan, so he decided to stir-fry the potato slices. Against Crum's expectation, the guest was ecstatic about the new chips. They became a regular item on the lodge's menu under the name "Saratoga Chips. " They soon became popular throughout New York and New England. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the This story was first popularized by The Official French Fries Pages; it has since been recanted and corrected on that site's History of French Fries page. Since potatoes are 80% water it takes approximately 4 pounds of potatoes to make one pound of potato chips.

One version of this story credits Dr. Kellogg (the brother of the Dr. Kellogg who founded the company which bears the family name) as the customer who wanted them thinner.

An earlier reference to what are now known as potato chips as Alexis Soyer's recipe in "Shilling Cookery for People" (1845). Here raw potatoes, "almost shavings" are fried. Earlier still, Mary Randolph's book "The Virginia House-wife" (1824) has a part titled "To fry Sliced Potatoes" here raw potatoes are cut into slices or thin shavings and fried "till they are crisp. Mary Randolph ( 9 August 1762 - 23 January 1828) wrote The Virginia House-Wife (1824 one of the most influential housekeeping and cook "

Before the airtight sealed bag was developed, chips were stored in barrels or tins which allowed them to go stale and damp. Then Laura Scudder invented the potato chip bag by ironing together two pieces of waxed paper, thereby creating an airtight seal and keeping the chips fresh until opened. Laura Clough Scudder (1881 &ndash 1959 was an entrepreneur in Monterey Park California, who made and sold Potato Wax paper (also called waxed paper) is a kind of Paper that is made Moisture proof through the application of Wax. In 1934 Akron, Ohio, potato chip maker K. T. Salem was the first to distribute chips in glassine waxed paper bags. Glassine is a very thin smooth air and water resistant type of Paper. Today, chips are packaged in plastic bags, with nitrogen gas blown in prior to sealing in order to lengthen shelf life and provide protection against crushing. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14

The owners of the restaurant Schweizerhaus in Vienna's largest permanent amusement park Wurstelprater claim it's their site where what they call Rohscheiben (raw slices) was invented. The Schweizerhaus ( Swiss house is a Viennese restaurant rich in tradition that is inseparably linked with the Prater, a large public area and park in Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. The Wurstelprater is an Amusement park and section of the Wiener Prater (a park in the second district of Vienna, Leopoldstadt. Whether it's an exaggeration or the story itself was the invention - what they do prove is that fresh and deep-fryer-hot potato slices have a special taste.

Economy

The global potato chips market generated total revenues of 16. 4 billion dollars in 2005. This accounted for 35. 5% of the total savory snacks market in that year (46. 1 billion dollars). ^[1]

Seasoned chips

Potato chips at a store

Initially, chips went unseasoned until a twist of salt was placed inside the bag, to be added when required. This idea was originated by the Smiths Potato Crisps Company Ltd formed in 1920 ^[2]. The Smith's Snackfood Company is a company best known for producing and selling a range of snack food such as Crisps / Chips. Frank Smith originally packaged them in greaseproof paper bags which were then sold around London. To give them some flavor, he would also include a twist of salt. The idea was abandoned when the salting and flavoring process developed by Tayto was applied to crisps during manufacture. This article refers to Tayto in the Republic of Ireland For the Northern Ireland-based firm see Tayto (Northern Ireland. Walkers revived the idea of 'salt in a bag', following their take over of Smiths (UK) in 1979, with their Salt 'n' Shake potato crisps^[3].

The potato chip remained unseasoned until an innovation by Joe "Spud" Murphy (1923 – 2001)^[4], the owner of an Irish crisp company called Tayto, who developed a technology to add seasoning in the 1950s. This article refers to Tayto in the Republic of Ireland For the Northern Ireland-based firm see Tayto (Northern Ireland. Though he had a small company, consisting almost entirely of his immediate family who prepared the crisps, the owner had long proved himself an innovator. After some trial and error, he produced the world's first seasoned crisps, "Cheese and Onion" and Salt & Vinegar. Trial and error, or trial by error, is a general method of Problem solving for obtaining Knowledge, both Propositional knowledge and Know-how A potato chip or crisp is a thin slice of Potato, deep fried or baked until Crisp.

An old advertisement for Smith's Potato Crisps

The innovation became an overnight sensation in the food industry, with the heads of some of the biggest potato chip companies in the United States heading to the small Tayto company to examine the product and to negotiate the rights to use the new technology. When eventually the Tayto company was sold, it made the owner and the small family group who had changed the face of potato chip manufacturing very wealthy. Companies worldwide sought to buy the rights to Tayto's technique.

The Tayto innovation changed the whole nature of the potato chip. Later chip manufacturers added natural and artificial seasonings to potato chips, with varying degrees of success. A product that had had a large appeal to a limited market on the basis of one seasoning now had a degree of market penetration through vast numbers of seasonings. Market penetration is one of the four growth strategies of the Product-Market Growth Matrix defined by Ansoff. Various other seasonings of chips are sold in different locales, including the original "Cheese and Onion", produced by Tayto, which remains by far Ireland's biggest manufacturer of crisps. This article refers to Tayto in the Republic of Ireland For the Northern Ireland-based firm see Tayto (Northern Ireland.

Perhaps the most extreme version of seasoned chips were the fruit flavored chips that were (very) briefly sold in Canada in the late seventies (in orange, cherry and grape flavors). These were not a success, and they were rapidly discontinued.

Examples of regional varieties

Hedgehog flavored crisps

• South Africa has one of the largest varieties of potato chip flavors in the world, including "fruit chutney," "biltong" (beef jerky), "sausage," "worcestershire sauce," and "tomato sauce" (ketchup flavor) among many others. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Chutney ( Hindi: चटनी Urdu: چٹنی) (British spelling or chatni is a term for a variety of sweet and spicy Condiments, usually Biltong is a kind of cured meat that originated in South Africa. Worcestershire sauce (ˈwʊstəˌʃɪə wooster-sheer is a widely used fermented liquid Condiment first made at 68 Broad Street Worcester by two This article is about the sauces often used with pasta In some countries "tomato sauce" is also used to refer to the condiment Ketchup.
• In the US, the most popular forms of seasoned potato chips include "sour cream and onion", "barbecue", "ranch", Salt & Vinegar, and cheese-seasoned chips, including nacho flavor and cheddar (usually with sour cream). Sour cream is a Dairy product rich in Fats obtained by fermenting a regular Cream by certain kinds of Lactic acid bacteria. barbeque block party Kansas cityjpg|thumb|right|275px|A barbecue on a trailer at a Block party in Kansas City. Ranch dressing is a Condiment made of Buttermilk or Sour cream, Mayonnaise, minced Green onion, Garlic powder and Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation. Cheddar cheese is a relatively hard pale yellow to off-white and sometimes sharp-tasting Cheese from the English village of Cheddar, in Somerset In the Chesapeake Bay area, Utz distributes "crab chips", flavored with an Old Bay analogue seasoning, though Herr's had such a variety first. The Chesapeake Bay is the largest Estuary in the United States. Utz Quality Foods Inc (ˈʌts rhyming with "nuts" based in Hanover Pennsylvania, is the largest independent privately held snack brand in the United Old Bay Seasoning is a blend of Herbs and Spices that is currently marketed in the United States by McCormick & Company, and produced in ^[5]
• In Canada, seasonings include dill pickle, ketchup, poutine, salt and vinegar, barbecue, salt and pepper, bacon and even curry. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A pickled cucumber, most often simply called a pickle in the United States and Canada, is a Cucumber that has been pickled in a Ketchup (also spelled catsup or catchup) also known as tomato ketchup, tomato sauce, red sauce, Tommy sauce, This is the fast food dish For the completely different Acadian dish see Poutine râpée. Bacon is a cut of Meat taken from the sides belly or back of a Pig that has been cured, smoked, or both Curry is the English description of any of a general variety of spicy dishes best known in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan In Toronto and Vancouver, Lay's offers wasabi chips. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Wasabi (わさびja ワサビ, ja 山葵 (originally written ja 和佐比 Wasabia japonica, Cochlearia wasabi, or Eutrema japonica) is a member [1]
• The market in United Kingdom is dominated by Walkers which is known for its wide variety of crisps. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Typical examples include salt & vinegar, cheese & onion, prawn cocktail, worcester sauce, roast chicken, beef & onion, smoky bacon, lamb & mint, ham & mustard, barbecue, BBQ rib, tomato ketchup, sausage & ketchup, pickled onion, Branston Pickle, Marmite and more exotic seasonings such as Thai sweet chilli, roast pork & creamy mustard sauce, lime and thai spices, lamb with Moroccan spices, sea salt and cracked black pepper, turkey & bacon, caramelized onion & sweet balsamic vinegar, stilton & cranberry and mango chilli. Prawn cocktail or shrimp cocktail is a Seafood dish which is usually served as a Starter. Branston is a well known United Kingdom brand of savoury foods Marmite (/ˈmɑːmaɪt/ is the name given to two similar food spreads a British version produced in the United Kingdom and South Africa and the other in New Kettle Foods Ltd's range of thick-cut crunchy crisps include gourmet flavors: Mexican Limes with a hint of Chilli, Salsa with Mesquite, Buffalo Mozzarella Tomato and Basil, Mature Cheddar with Adnams Broadside Beer, Soulmate Cheeses and Onion, and other previously listed flavors. Most seasonings contain only vegetarian-friendly ingredients, although some recent seasonings such as lamb & mint sauce contain meat extracts. Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea In the early 1980s, there even existed 'Hedgehog flavoured crisps', these were widely on sale and received large publicity. A hedgehog is any of the small spiny Mammals of the Subfamily Erinaceinae and the order Erinaceomorpha. McCoys Crisps are also popular in the UK. The Real McCoy's are a brand of ruffled Crisps (known as Potato chips in the US popular in the United Kingdom, made by United Biscuits In Northern Ireland Tayto (NI) Ltd. dominate the market. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Tayto (Northern Ireland Limited is a manufacturer of Crisps and corn snacks based in Tandragee, County Armagh. This company is entirely unrelated to the Tayto company in the Republic of Ireland.
• In Ireland, the common varieties of crisps are mostly the same or similar to the ones sold in the UK. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. However in Ireland, Tayto are synonymous with crisps after the Tayto brand. This article refers to Tayto in the Republic of Ireland For the Northern Ireland-based firm see Tayto (Northern Ireland. Walkers crisps were launched there several years ago, but have failed to dominate the market.
• Japan also has a vast range of seasonings; they include nori & salt, consommé, wasabi, soy sauce & butter, takoyaki, kimchi, garlic, chili, scallop with butter, ume, mayonnaise, yakitori and ramen. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Nori (海苔 ( 김 kim or gim) is the Japanese name for various edible Seaweed species of the Red alga Porphyra In Cooking, a consommé is a type of clear soup made from richly flavored stock or bouillon that has been clarified usually through a fining process involving Wasabi (わさびja ワサビ, ja 山葵 (originally written ja 和佐比 Wasabia japonica, Cochlearia wasabi, or Eutrema japonica) is a member Soy sauce ( US) soya sauce ( Commonwealth) shoyu ( Japan) or sillao ( Peru) is a fermented Sauce Butter is a Dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented Cream or Milk. (literally fried or baked Octopus) is a popular Japanese Dumpling made of batter, diced or whole baby octopus Tempura scraps ( tenkasu Kimchi, also spelled gimchi or kimchee, is a traditional Korean fermented dish made of vegetables with varied seasonings most commonly referring to Allium sativum L, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the Onion family Alliaceae. The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade A scallop (ˈskɒləp or /ˈskæləp/ is a marine Bivalve Mollusk of the family Pectinidae. Mayonnaise (sometime abbreviated to mayo in American English and other languages is a thick Condiment made primarily from Vegetable oil and Egg grilled bird, is a Japanese type of Skewered Chicken. It is made from several bite-sized pieces of chicken meat or chicken Offal, skewered is a Japanese Noodle dish that originated in China. It tends to be served in a meat-based broth and uses toppings such as,, Kamaboko, green onions Major manufacturers are Calbee[2], Koikeya[3] and Yamayoshi.
• In Hong Kong, the two prominent potato chips are the spicy "Ethnican" variety by Calbee[[4]], and barbecue by Jack'n Jill. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Lay's are also popular in Hong Kong. (With the most popular being BBQ and sour cream and onion.
• In mainland China, Lay's has introduced potato chips flavored in different Chinese cuisine, world cuisine, and even unexpected flavors such as cucumber. Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction Lay's is the brand name for a number of Potato chip varieties as well as the name of the company that founded the chip brand in 1938 Chinese cuisine ( Traditional Chinese: 中國菜 Simplified Chinese: 中国菜 originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in
• On the other hand, in Germany and many continental EU countries the vast majority of chips sold are paprika flavor. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Paprika is a spice made from the grinding of dried sweet red or green Bell peppers ( Capsicum annuum)
• In Germany, beer flavored chips are available. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
• In Norway, most chips are flavored with salt, salt and pepper or paprika. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Mayor brands include KiMs, Maarud and HOFF. KiMs is a Danish owned brand of chips and snacks owned by the Swedish Company Chips AB which in turn is owned by the Norwegian HOFF Norske Potetindustrier is a Norwegian Agricultural cooperative processing and distributing Potato produce
• In Austria, garlic flavored potato chips are available - and the restaurantSchweizerhaus offers fresh and deep-fryer-hot potato slices. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Schweizerhaus ( Swiss house is a Viennese restaurant rich in tradition that is inseparably linked with the Prater, a large public area and park in
• In Greece, oregano flavored chips are very popular. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
• In Mexico, many flavors feature spiciness. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Often, a consistent seasoning is lime mixed with another flavor in addition to chorizo flavored chips. Chorizo (tʃo̞ˈɾiso̞ in Latin American Spanish or tʃo̞ˈɾiθo̞ in Castilian Spanish) Chouriço (ʃoˈɾisu in Portuguese) or Xoriç
• In New Zealand the most popular varieties of potato chips are Ready Salted, Salt n' Vinegar and Chicken. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island
• In Colombia, the five main flavors of chips are Natural (Ready Salted), BBQ, Chicken, Mayonnaise and Lemon. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Mayonnaise (sometime abbreviated to mayo in American English and other languages is a thick Condiment made primarily from Vegetable oil and Egg
• In Spain, the most popular flavors are plain (fried with olive oil and salted), and ham flavor. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees Ham is the Thigh and Rump of Pork, cut from the Haunch of a Pig or Boar.

Similar foods

A promotional image of "Lay's Stax"

Another type of potato chip, notably the Pringles and Lay's Stax brands, is made by extruding or pressing a dough made from ground potatoes into the patented potato chip shape before frying. Pringles are a Brand of potato-based salty snacks produced by Procter & Gamble. Lay's Stax is a snack food made from Potatoes and produced by Frito Lay. Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile This makes chips that are very uniform in size and shape, which allows them to be stacked and packaged in rigid tubes. In America, the official term for Pringles is "crisps", but they are rarely referred to as such. Conversely Pringles may be termed "potato chips" in Britain, to distinguish them from traditional "crisps".

Some companies have also marketed baked potato chips as an alternative with lower fat content. Baking is the technique of prolonged Cooking of Food by dry heat acting by conduction, and not by radiation, normally in an Oven, Additionally, some varieties of fat-free chips have been made using artificial, and indigestible, fat substitutes. These became well-known in the media when an ingredient many contained, Olestra, was linked in some individuals to abdominal discomfort and loose stools. Olestra (also known by its brand name Olean) is a fat substitute that adds no fat calories or cholesterol to products ^[6]

The success of crisp fried potato chips also gave birth to fried corn chips, with such brands as Fritos, CC's and Doritos dominating the market. A corn chip is a Snack food made from Cornmeal fried in oil or baked usually in the shape of a small noodle or scoop For the company that produces Fritos see Frito-Lay. Fritos is the name of a brand of Corn chips made by Frito-Lay. CC's are a popular Australian Snack food. CC's stands for Corn Chips and is a Trademark owned by Arnott's Biscuits Holdings. Doritos-iljpg|thumb|Mexican Nacho Flavored Doritos Israel (old style]] Doritos (dəˈriːɾoʊz is a brand of flavored Tortilla chips produced since 1966 by the American "Swamp chips" are similarly made from a variety of root vegetables such as parsnips, rutabagas and carrots. The parsnip ( Pastinaca sativa) is a Root vegetable related to the Carrot. The swede, (yellow turnip, swedish turnip or rutabaga ( Brassica napobrassica, or Brassica napus var The carrot ( Daucus carota subsp sativus, Etymology: Middle French carotte, from Late Latin carōta, from Greek karōton Japanese-style variants include extruded chips, like products made from rice or cassava. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many The cassava, yuca, manioc, or mandioca ( Manihot esculenta) is a woody Shrub of the Euphorbiaceae (spurge family native In South Indian snack cuisine, there is an item called vadam which is a chip made of an extruded rice/sago base. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

There are many other products which might be called "crisps" in Britain, but would not be classed as "potato chips" because they aren't made with potato and/or aren't chipped (for example, Wotsits). Wotsits is a brand of Cheese

Kettle-style chips are traditionally made by the "batch-style" process, where all chips are fried all at once at a low temperature profile, and continuously raked to prevent them from sticking together. There has been some development recently where Kettle-style chips are able to be produced by a "continuous-style" process (like a long conveyor belt), creating the same old-fashioned texture and flavor of a real kettle-cooked chip.

In recipes

In American cuisine, a whole class of recipes exists that use crushed potato chips, often as one would use seasoned bread crumbs. Recipes include those for cookies, pies, breadings for meatloaves and hamburgers, crumb toppings for casseroles and soups, and in sauces or dips, among others. Dipping chips in a sour cream based dip is popular. Putting hot sauce on top of potato chips is popular in Mexico and parts of Texas. Putting potato chips inside of a hoagie is a popular tradition in Philadelphia. A hoagie is a style of sandwich popular in Philadelphia and the surrounding region Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə In the American South, crushed potato chips are sometimes used to bread chicken before frying.

A cheap recipe is the chip sandwich made from a base of two slices of white sandwich bread generously spread with mayonnaise. A sandwich is a food item made of two or more slices of Bread with one or more layers of a filling Bread is a Staple food prepared by Baking a Dough of Flour and Water. Mayonnaise (sometime abbreviated to mayo in American English and other languages is a thick Condiment made primarily from Vegetable oil and Egg As many potato chips as possible are heaped on one of the slices, then the second slice is placed on top and pushed down hard until all the potato chips are crushed. This is a snack version of the traditional "chip butty", made with sliced, buttered bread and freshly made French fries. A chip sandwich, french fry sandwich, or a chip butty as it is sometimes referred to in the United Kingdom and New Zealand, is a Sandwich French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal "Crisp sandwiches" are also popular in the UK – a student favorite sees them made with Vitalite spread; in Ireland white bread is spread on both sides with plenty of butter, before being filled with crisps and employing the aforementioned hand-crushing technique to ensure the contents stick to the butter and remain in the sandwich. Vitalite is a sunflower oil-based margarine produced by Dairy Crest in Kirkby in Merseyside. Potato chips, particularly salt and vinegar , are also a possible addition to tuna salad sandwiches. Tuna salad is a blend of typically three main ingredients Tuna, Eggs, and some form of Mayonnaise or mayonnaise-substitute such as Mustard. The chips are layered on top of the tuna as an additional filling.

In New Zealand, potato chips are added to bread with thinly spread Marmite to make a "Marmite And Chip Sandwich". Marmite (/ˈmɑːmaɪt/ is the name given to two similar food spreads a British version produced in the United Kingdom and South Africa and the other in New The Australian version of the sandwich uses Vegemite instead of Marmite. Vegemite ( is a dark brown savoury food paste made from Yeast extract, used mainly as a spread on Sandwiches Toast and cracker biscuits

Not strictly a recipe, but another method of preparing crisps is to keep the crisps in the refrigerator, prior to serving. Commonly called ‘cold crisps’, they have a mixed level of acceptance, with some finding them abhorrent, and others seeing ‘cold crisps’ as the correct method of preparation. A common fault in vending machines often results in ‘cold crisps’ being issued, even if crisps at room temperature were desired. A vending machine is a machine that provides various snacks beverages and other products to consumers In parts of Canada, it is also common to store potato chips in the freezer, and eat them while still frozen.

In popular culture

There is in the world at least one myth surrounding potato chips, the myth of the Wish Chip. The definition and use of a wish chip will vary from region to region, and even from person to person. In general a wish chip is any potato chip that has somehow become folded in half during the manufacturing process. It is generally believed amongst those who practice the ritual that the wish chip, when ingested in some specific fashion, will have the power to grant the wish that has been specified during ingestion. The ritual generally involved consists simply of fitting the whole chip in one's mouth and then chewing it either before,after or while the wish is made, the timing and manner in which the wish is made is highly variable.

References

• Jones, Charlotte Foltz (1991). Mistakes That Worked. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-26246-9.   - Origins of potato chips

External links

• Taquitos.net (more than 900 reviews of potato chips)
• News on Chips and Potato Processing
• Better Made Potato Chips, Since 1930