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Ichiro Suzuki was the first high-profile NPB player (and second overall) to use the posting system.
Ichiro Suzuki was the first high-profile NPB player (and second overall) to use the posting system. often known simply as, (born October 22 1973 in Toyoyama, Nishikasugai, Aichi Prefecture, Japan) is an Outfielder for the Seattle Mariners

The posting system is a baseball player transfer system currently in effect between Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and the United States' Major League Baseball (MLB). Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Nippon Professional Baseball or NPB is the highest level of Baseball in Japan. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Japanese players were never eligible to be obtained through the traditional means of the Rule 4 Draft, and since there were no set legal rules in place to govern the process, problems arose. The First-Year Player Draft, also known as the Rule 4 Draft, is Major League Baseball 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools [1] The system was implemented for two reasons. First, the NPB players Hideo Nomo and Alfonso Soriano used loopholes to void contracts and leave for the MLB - possibly taking fans with them. is a Japanese former Right-handed Pitcher in Nippon Professional Baseball and Major League Baseball. Alfonso Guilleard Soriano (born January 7 1976 in San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic) is a professional Major League Baseball Outfielder [2] Second, NPB player Hideki Irabu had very little negotiating power when it came to his trade deal between NPB and MLB teams. Hideki Irabu ( Japanese: 伊良部 秀輝 born in Hirara (now Miyakojima) Okinawa Prefecture, Japan on May 15, [3] By creating a system that requires MLB teams to pay NPB teams transfer fees while allowing players the power to negotiate their own trade deals, the posting system presumably was meant to solve both problems.

As of 2008, 12 Japanese players have been "posted" using the system. [4] Of these, seven were immediately signed to Major League contracts, three were signed to minor league contracts and two were unsuccessful in drawing any MLB interest. The two highest-profile players that have been acquired through the posting system are Ichiro Suzuki and Daisuke Matsuzaka. often known simply as, (born October 22 1973 in Toyoyama, Nishikasugai, Aichi Prefecture, Japan) is an Outfielder for the Seattle Mariners is a Japanese Starting pitcher for the Boston Red Sox. He previously played for the Seibu Lions in Japan 's Pacific League Respectively, they attracted high bids of $13. 125 million and $51. 1 million and have enjoyed highly successful careers in the MLB. [5]

Contents

History

The posting system was created as a combined reaction to three different cases involving NPB players moving to the MLB. The first incident occurred in 1995 when pitcher Hideo Nomo, who was not eligible for free agency, announced his retirement from the Kintetsu Buffaloes. is a Japanese former Right-handed Pitcher in Nippon Professional Baseball and Major League Baseball. In Professional sports a free agent is a team player whose contract with a team has expired and the player is able to sign a contract with another team if that player The Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes ( ja: 大阪近鉄バファローズ was a Nippon Professional Baseball team based in Osaka, Japan, which were This retirement enabled Nomo to void his contract with the Buffaloes and sign with the Los Angeles Dodgers a year later, where he played a season that won him the National League Rookie of the Year award. A contract is an exchange of promises between two or more parties to do or refrain from doing an act which is enforceable in a court of law The Los Angeles Dodgers are a Major League Baseball team based in Los Angeles California, USA The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball In Major League Baseball, the Rookie of the Year Award is given annually to one player from each league as voted upon by the Baseball Writers Association of America [2] The following year, the Dodgers signed a 3-year, $4. 3 million contract. [6]

Two years later, in late 1997, the San Diego Padres signed a working agreement with the Chiba Lotte Marines that gave the Padres the exclusive signing rights for Hideki Irabu. The San Diego Padres are a Major League Baseball team based in San Diego California since their founding in 1969 The are a professional Baseball team in Japan's Pacific League, based in Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, in the Kantō region. Hideki Irabu ( Japanese: 伊良部 秀輝 born in Hirara (now Miyakojima) Okinawa Prefecture, Japan on May 15, Unfortunately, neither team consulted with Irabu before finalizing the deal, and he and his agent soon stated that Irabu would only sign with the New York Yankees. The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York. The Major League Baseball Players Association sided with Irabu stating that the system gave the player no freedom. The Major League Baseball Players Association (or MLBPA) is the union of professional major-league baseball players The MLBPA soon lost the argument, and the MLB's executive council ruled that the Padres held the rights to Irabu. The Major League Baseball Players Association (or MLBPA) is the union of professional major-league baseball players Irabu ultimately won, however, when the Padres quickly traded him to the Yankees who signed him for $12. 8 million over four years. [3]

Alfonso Soriano's move to the MLB helped prompt the creation of the posting system.
Alfonso Soriano's move to the MLB helped prompt the creation of the posting system. Alfonso Guilleard Soriano (born January 7 1976 in San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic) is a professional Major League Baseball Outfielder

The final incident occurred the next year when Alfonso Soriano found out that he was unable to leave the Hiroshima Toyo Carp due to contract restrictions. Alfonso Guilleard Soriano (born January 7 1976 in San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic) is a professional Major League Baseball Outfielder The are a professional Baseball team in Japan 's Central League. In addition to Soriano disliking the Japanese's intense practice schedule, the Carp denied him a salary increase to $180,000 a year. Taking the advice of agent Don Nomura, the same agent who represented Hideo Nomo during his retirement from the NPB, Soriano also retired in order to void his contract with the Carp and pursue a career in the MLB. [7] This decision resulted in the Hiroshima management suing Nomura for $1. 1 million as well as threatening legal action against any ball club that negotiated with Soriano. In July 1998, however, MLB Commissioner Bud Selig declared that the MLB recognized him a free agent and the Carp backed down. The Commissioner of Baseball is the chief executive of Major League Baseball. Allan Huber "Bud" Selig Jr (born July 30, 1934 in Milwaukee Wisconsin) is the Commissioner of Major League Baseball and has Soriano signed a 5-year, $3. 1 million contract with the New York Yankees the same year. [8]

The posting system was drafted that same year, and Bud Selig and NPB Commissioner Hiromori Kawashima signed the deal in December 1998. [3] In its design, each of the problems brought up by the Nomo, Irabu and Soriano cases were addressed. By forcing MLB teams to place bids that eventually act as transfer fees, NPB teams receive compensation for letting their star players out of their contracts. Additionally, allowing Japanese players to negotiate with MLB teams gives them power when dictating the terms of their new contracts. The system only applies to players currently under contract with a Japanese team, it does not apply to free agents or to players with 10 or more years of service in the NPB. [1] The system does not work in reversal, as in the system does not regulate MLB players, such as Alex Cabrera, that move to the NBP. Alex Cabrera (born December 24, 1971) is a Venezuelan baseball player [9]

Process

When a player under contract with a Nippon Professional Baseball team wishes to play in Major League Baseball, he must notify his current team's management and request that they make him available for posting during the next posting period (November-March). If the team consents, the player (including any other NPB players wishing to be posted) is presented to the MLB Commissioner. The Commissioner of Baseball is the chief executive of Major League Baseball. The Commissioner then notifies all MLB teams of the posted player and holds a four-day-long silent auction during which interested MLB teams submit sealed bids (in USD) to the Commissioner’s Office. "Auctioneer" redirects here For the DC Comics supervillain see Auctioneer (comics. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been After the 4 days have passed, the Commissioner opens the bids and notifies the player's NPB team the highest bid amount, but not who the bidding team is. The NPB team then has 30 days to either accept or reject the nonnegotiable bid amount. [10]

If the bid is rejected, the NPB team retains the player’s rights and the player cannot be posted again until the next off-season. If accepted, however, the bid amount is publicly revealed and the winning Major League team is granted the exclusive rights to negotiate with the player for 30 days. [1] If the player and the MLB team agree on contract terms before the 30 day period has expired, the NPB team receives the bid amount as a transfer fee, and the player is free to play for that team in the MLB in the coming season. If the MLB team cannot come to a contract agreement with the posted player, then no fee is paid, and the player's rights revert back to his NPB team. A player can request to be posted again in subsequent years, and the process is repeated with no advantage to the club that had won the previous year. [10]

Past postings

Of the 38 Japanese-born players playing in the MLB, only 12 have entered the league using the posting system. This is an alphabetical list of 37 Japanese baseball players who have played in Major League Baseball between 1964 and 2008. Since the system's creation in 1998, the players that have utilized it have experienced a range of success. Of the 12, seven were immediately signed to Major League contracts. These contracts range from $52 million on the high end to $1. 4 million on the low end. Of the remaining 5, three were signed to minor league contracts and two were unsuccessful in drawing bids from any Major League clubs. The following tables outline each posting and their outcome:

List of Successful Postings (chronological)
Posting Date Player NPB Team MLB Team Winning Bid Date of Contract
Agreement		 MLB Contract Notes
February 2, 1999 Alejandro Quezada Hiroshima Toyo Carp Cincinnati Reds $400,001 March 2, 1999 Signed minor league contract [11]
November 9, 2000 Ichiro Suzuki Orix BlueWave Seattle Mariners $13. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The are a professional Baseball team in Japan 's Central League. The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team based in Cincinnati Ohio, USA Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. often known simply as, (born October 22 1973 in Toyoyama, Nishikasugai, Aichi Prefecture, Japan) is an Outfielder for the Seattle Mariners The was a Nippon Professional Baseball team based in Kobe, Japan, which played in the Pacific League and was owned by the Orix Group, a Tokyo The Seattle Mariners are an American professional baseball team based in Seattle, Washington, United States. 125 million November 30, 2000 3 years, $14 million [12][13][14]
January 3, 2002 Kazuhisa IshiiP Yakult Swallows Los Angeles Dodgers $11. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Kazuhisa Ishii (石井一久 Ishii Kazuhisa; born September 9, 1973 in Wakaba-ku Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan) are a professional Baseball team in Japan 's Central League. The Swallows are named after their corporate owners the Yakult Corporation The Los Angeles Dodgers are a Major League Baseball team based in Los Angeles California, USA 26 million February 8, 2002 4 years, $12. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 3 million [15][16][17]
February 6, 2003 Ramón RamírezP Hiroshima Toyo Carp New York Yankees $350,00 March 5, 2003 Signed minor league contract [18][19]
November 11, 2003 Akinori OtsukaP§ Chunichi Dragons San Diego Padres $300,000 December 9, 2003 2 years, $1. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The are a professional Baseball team in Japan 's Central League. The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. is a Japanese Baseball player He was formerly the set-up man for the San Diego Padres and the Texas Rangers. The are a professional baseball team based in Nagoya, the chief city in the Chubu ("Middle of Japan" region of Japan. The San Diego Padres are a Major League Baseball team based in San Diego California since their founding in 1969 Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 5 million [20][21]
January 28, 2005 Norihiro Nakamura Orix Buffaloes Los Angeles Dodgers Undisclosedψ February 3, 2005 Signed minor league contract [22][23]
December 12, 2005 Shinji MoriP Seibu Lions Tampa Bay Devil Rays $750,000 January 11, 2006 2 years, $1. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Norihiro Nakamura (中村 紀洋 born July 24, 1973) is a Japanese professional baseball Third baseman. The are a Nippon Professional Baseball team based in Osaka and Kobe, Japan. The Los Angeles Dodgers are a Major League Baseball team based in Los Angeles California, USA Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Shinji Mori ( Japanese: 森慎二 born September 12, 1974, in Iwakuni Yamaguchi, Japan) is a right-handed Pitcher who The are a Professional baseball team in Japan 's Pacific League. The Tampa Bay Rays are a Major League Baseball franchise based in St Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 4 million [24][25]
November 2, 2006 Daisuke MatsuzakaP Seibu Lions Boston Red Sox $51,111,111. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. is a Japanese Starting pitcher for the Boston Red Sox. He previously played for the Seibu Lions in Japan 's Pacific League The are a Professional baseball team in Japan 's Pacific League. The Boston Red Sox are a Professional baseball team based in Boston Massachusetts, and are the reigning (2007 World Series Champions. 11† December 14, 2006 6 year, $52 million [26][27][28]
November 6, 2006 Akinori Iwamura Yakult Swallows Tampa Bay Devil Rays $4,500,000 December 15, 2006 3 year, $7. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Akinori Iwamura (岩村 明憲 born February 9 1979 in Uwajima Ehime, Japan) is a Major League Baseball Infielder for are a professional Baseball team in Japan 's Central League. The Swallows are named after their corporate owners the Yakult Corporation The Tampa Bay Rays are a Major League Baseball franchise based in St Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 7 million [29][30]
November 17, 2006 Kei IgawaP Hanshin Tigers New York Yankees $26,000,194‡ December 27, 2006 5 years, $20 million [31][32]
^§ This was Otsuka's second attempt at the MLB after an unsuccessful posting the previous year. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. is a Japanese Left-handed Starting pitcher for the New York Yankees. The are a Nippon Professional Baseball team based in Koshien Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, and are in the Central League. The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
^ψ The Dodgers chose not to publicly reveal their bid amount, despite MLB teams traditionally disclosing the amount after negotiating rights have been won. [33]
^† This specific amount was chosen by Red Sox owner John Henry because he deemed it lucky. Early life Henry's parents were farmers and he split his time growing up between Illinois and Arkansas. [34]
^‡ The final three digits, 194, represent Igawa's total strikeout count for his 2006 season. [31]
^P Denotes that the player is a pitcher.
List of Unsuccessful Postings (chronological)
Posting Date Player NPB Team Result Notes
February 2, 1999 Timo Pérez Hiroshima Toyo Carp Re-signed with the Carp on February 3, 1999 for ¥34. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Timoniel M "Timo" Pérez (born April 8, 1975 in Baní, Dominican Republic) is a professional Baseball Outfielder The are a professional Baseball team in Japan 's Central League. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) 5 million (US$295,705 in 1999) [4]
December 18, 2002 Akinori OtsukaP Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes Signed with the Chunichi Dragons on March 20, 2003 for ¥95 million (US$800,404 in 2003) [35]
November 22, 2005 Yusaku IrikiP Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters Released by the Fighters on December 5, 2005; signed by the New York Mets on January 18, 2006 to a one-year, $750,000 contract [36][37]
^P Denotes that the player is a pitcher. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. is a Japanese Baseball player He was formerly the set-up man for the San Diego Padres and the Texas Rangers. The Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes ( ja: 大阪近鉄バファローズ was a Nippon Professional Baseball team based in Osaka, Japan, which were Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Yusaku Iriki (入来 祐作 Iriki Yūsaku, born August 8, 1972 in Miyakonojō Miyazaki, Japan) is a Japanese baseball The are a professional Baseball team in Japan's Pacific League. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "Mets" redirects here For the medical term see Metastasis. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

See also

References

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  22. ^ Nakamura once agreed with Mets. ESPN.com (2005-02-03). ESPNcom is the official website of ESPN and a division of ESPN Inc Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Retrieved on 2008-03-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
  23. ^ Norihiro Nakamura. The Baseball Cube. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
  24. ^ Topkin, Marc (2006-02-26). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed (New) home, sweet home. St. Petersburg Times. The St Petersburg Times is a daily Newspaper based in St Petersburg Florida, that serves the larger Tampa Bay area Retrieved on 2008-03-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
  25. ^ Shinji Mori. The Baseball Cube. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
  26. ^ Matsuzaka, Red Sox reach agreement on six-year deal. ESPN.com (2007-02-23). ESPNcom is the official website of ESPN and a division of ESPN Inc Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Retrieved on 2008-03-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
  27. ^ Matsuzaka departs for U.S. to meet agent. JapanBall. com (2006-11-05). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Retrieved on 2008-03-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
  28. ^ Daisuke Matsuzaka. The Baseball Cube. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
  29. ^ Chastain, Bill (2006-12-15). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Iwamura signs three-year deal. MLB.com. MLBcom is the official site of Major League Baseball. MLBcom is a source of baseball-related information including baseball news statistics and sports columns Retrieved on 2008-03-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
  30. ^ Akinori Iwamura. The Baseball Cube. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
  31. ^ a b Igawa, Yankees complete five-year, $20 million deal. ESPN.com (2006-12-27). ESPNcom is the official website of ESPN and a division of ESPN Inc Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Retrieved on 2008-03-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
  32. ^ Kei Igawa. The Baseball Cube. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
  33. ^ Jackson, Tony (2005-02-1). DODGERS WIN NAKAMURA'S RIGHTS.. Los Angeles Daily News. The Daily News of Los Angeles, also known as the Los Angeles Daily News, is the second largest circulating daily Newspaper of Los Angeles Retrieved on 2008-05-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and
  34. ^ Why $51,111,111.11? John Henry explains. Boston Herald (2006-12-15). The Boston Herald is a Tabloid -format Daily newspaper, the smaller of the two big dailies in Boston Massachusetts, United States Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
  35. ^ Buffaloes deal Otsuka to Dragons. The Japan Times (2003-03-21). The Japan Times is one of the few independent English language Newspapers published in Japan: it mainly competes with English editions of Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
  36. ^ Shpigel, Ben (2006-02-19). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Japanese Pitcher Channels His Inner Warrior. New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-03-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
  37. ^ Iriki to pitch for Mets. The Japan Times (2006-01-20). The Japan Times is one of the few independent English language Newspapers published in Japan: it mainly competes with English editions of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)

Further reading

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