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1948 3 mils value from the first series of Israeli stamps
1948 3 mils value from the first series of Israeli stamps

The postage stamps and postal history of Israel is a survey of the postage stamps issued by the state of Israel, and its postal history, since independence was proclaimed on May 14, 1948. A postage stamp is an adhesive paper evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Postal history is the study of Postal systems and how they operate and or the collecting of covers and associated material illustrating historical episodes of postal Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The first postage stamps were issued two days later on May 16, 1948. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [1]

Contents

Historical context

The postal history of Israel builds upon the centuries-long development of postal services in Palestine. The postal history of Palestine emerges out of its geographic location as a crossroads amidst the empires of the Ancient Near East, the Levant and the Middle During the rule of the Mamluks, mounted mail service was operated in Deir el-Balah, Lydda and other towns on the Cairo to Damascus route. This article is about a Palestinian city for the nearby refugee camp see Deir el-Balah camp. Lod (לוֹד اَلْلُدّْ al-Ludd; Greco-Latin Lydda) is a mixed Arab - Jewish city about 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv in [2] During the Ottoman period, postal services relied upon Turkey's stamps (Palestine FAQ). Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Foreign consulates set up the early post offices. [3] During World War I, the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force occupied Palestine and demarcated stamps as "E. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF was formed in March 1916 to command the growing British and British Empire military forces in Egypt during E. F. " in 1918.

During the British mandate, postage stamps and services were provided by British authorities. The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement From 1933-1948, mandate services included airmail stamps[4] and, as an innovation, air letter cards. Airmail (or air mail) is Mail that is transported by Aircraft. In philatelic terminology a Letter sheet, often written lettersheet is nowadays an item of Postal stationery issued by a postal authority British postal offices and operations were, in part, turned over to the Israeli government. In May 1948, as the British withdrew and postal services broke down, the provisional government issued overprints on Jewish National Fund stamps and ad hoc postage was created in Nahariya and Safed. The provisional government of Israel (הממשלה הזמנית HaMemshela HaZmanit) was the temporary cabinet which governed Israel from shortly before independence The Jewish National Fund ( Hebrew: קרן קימת לישראל Keren Kayemet LeYisrael) (abbreviated as JNF, and sometimes KKL) was founded Nahariya (נַהֲרִיָּה is a City with an estimated population of 50000 located in Northern Israel, on the Mediterranean sea, just south Safed (צְפַת pronounced Tsfat; صفد pronounced Safad) is a city in the Northern District of Israel.

Postal history

Stamps serve artistic, ideological and educational roles for Israel
Stamps serve artistic, ideological and educational roles for Israel

In 1948, stamps were issued by Israel Post the Israeli postal authority. Because Saturday is a day of rest, Sunday, May 16, was the first business day after independence was declared on which stamps could be sold. [5] The first set of stamps was entitled Doar Ivri ("Hebrew Post") because the country's name had not yet been chosen. [6] The first set of definitive stamps included values of 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50, 250, 500, and 1000 mils. A definitive Postage stamp is a Regular issue stamp that is part of a definitive issue or definitive series consisting of a range of denominations The stamps were printed by letterpress, perforated or as a rouletted variation, and with Israel's emblematic "tabs" with marginalia about the stamp. Letterpress printing is a term for Printing text with Movable type, in which the raised surface of the type is Inked and then pressed against a smooth For Postage stamps separation is the means by which individual stamps are made easily detachable from each other Marginalia ( plurale tantum) is the general term for Notes scribbles and editorial comments made in the margin of a book Stamp booklets were issued for the 5, 10, 15 and 20 mil stamps. A postage stamp booklet is a set of one or more small panes of Postage stamps usually totalling about 10–20 stamps folded over and placed in a cardboard cover [7] The Doar Ivri stamps were designed by Otte Wallish using ancient coins from the First Jewish-Roman War and later Bar Kochba revolt (as pictured at top of article). Otte Wallish (אוטה וליש (1903-1977 was an emigre to Israel who established himself as a Graphic designer and contributed to the Symbolic self-representation Background After the failed Great Jewish Revolt in the year 70 the Roman authorities took measures to suppress the rebellious province

Israeli stamps are trilingual, in Arabic, English and Hebrew, following the practice of the British Mandate of Palestine (as required by the League of Nations). The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement The League of Nations was an International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920 Israel Post first issued postage due stamps, tete-beche and gutter pairs in 1948, airmail stamps in 1950, service stamps, for government offices, in 1951 and provisional stamps in 1960. Postage due is the term used for Mail sent with insufficient postage In Philately, tête-bêche ( French for "head-to-tail" lit A Gutter, similar to Typography, is the space in between printed Postage stamps When stamps are printed on large sheets of paper that will be guillotined Linn's World Stamp Almanac defines a provisional stamp as "a postage stamp issued for temporary use to meet postal demands until new or regular stocks of stamps can be obtained [8] The tabs have gone through three unofficial phases. From 1948 to 1954, the tabs were written in Hebrew (with four exceptions: the Maccabia, Israel Bonds, Zionist Congress and Z.O.A. stamps). State of Israel Bonds are debt Securities issued by the Government of Israel. The Zionist Organization of America (ZOA founded in 1897 was one of the first official Zionist organizations in the United States and especially early in the 20th century From 1954 until 1967, the inscriptions were usually in Hebrew and French. Since 1967, the tabs are typically Hebrew and English. Rarely, a tab is matched with the wrong stamp, as with two mix-ups on some Doar Ivri stamps. [9]

From the outset, Israel created its own commemorative cancellations, including a first day cancel for the new Doar Ivri on May 16, 1948, and cancels for the Maccabiah Games and its major cities the same year. On Mail, a cancellation (or cancel for short is a Postal marking applied to a Postage stamp or Postal stationery indicating that Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Maccabiah Games ( מַכַּבִּיָּה) is an international Jewish athletic event similar to the Olympics. [10] By 1960, more than 325 unique postmarks had been designed. [11] Beginning with the Doar Ivri stamps, too, Israel has provided first day covers. The first day of issue is the day on which a Postage stamp, Postal card or Stamped envelope is put on sale within the country or territory of the For instance, on July 5, 1967, a first day cover featuring Moshe Dayan was issued from the new post office in Jerusalem, soon after the Six Day War. Moshe Dayan, DSO (משה דיין born 20 May 1915 died 16 October 1981 was an Israeli military leader and politician Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt [12]

Israel has 64 post offices in 1950, expanding to 114 by 1960 and, after the Six Day War, to 178 branches by 1970. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt [13] In 1955, two settlements in the Negev began Israel's first mobile post office, a red truck. The Negev (נֶגֶב Tiberian vocalization: Néḡeḇ) is the Desert region of southern Israel. Mobile post office s deliver mail and other postal services through specially-equipped Vehicles, such as trucks and trains By 1990, Israel ran 53 routes for 1,058 locations, including Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza. Israeli settlements are communities inhabited by Israelis in territory that was captured as a result of Jordanian attacks during the 1967 Six-Day War. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. [14]

Due to hyperinflation, in 1982 and 1984 Israel issued non-denominated stamps with an olive branch design. Certain figures in this article use Scientific notation for readability Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Non-denominated postage is postage intended to meet a certain postage rate that retains full validity for that intended postage rate even after the rate is increased The olive branch is a Branch of an Olive tree In Western culture, derived from the customs of Ancient Greece, it symbolizes peace or goodwill These stamps were said to be dreary yet convenient, insofar as they avoided the need for both the government and the customers to constantly update their postage. [15].

Military postcard from the 1973 Yom Kippur War
Military postcard from the 1973 Yom Kippur War

During the 1990s, Israel experimented with vending machines for postal labels (franking labels). The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום A stamp vending machine (SVM is a mechanical electrical or electro-mechanical device which can be used to automatically vend Postage stamps to users in exchange for a pre-determined The Klussendorf machines and their labels were withdrawn from service in 1999. Twenty-two colorful designs were issued, including 12 tourist sites and seven holiday season designs. [16] Israel Post also provides the Express Mail Service in cooperation with 143 other postal suthorities. In most postal systems express mail refers to an accelerated delivery service for which the customer pays a Surcharge and receives faster delivery [17]

The Israeli Defense Forces provides mail services for the military. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit During the 1973 Yom Kippur War, for example, the IDF postal agency issued a series of postcards with cartoons to boost morale. The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום A postcard or post card is a rectangular piece of thick Paper or thin cardboard intended for writing and mailing without an Envelope and The word cartoon has various meanings based on several very different forms of Visual art and Illustration. Postcards show an Israeli cartoon character looming over Damascus, hail and fire raining down on Egyptian pyramids (quoting Exodus 9:24), and "Judgment Day, pictured here. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. Hail is a form of precipitation which consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice (hailstones Exodus ( Greek: έξοδος eksodos = "departure" is the second book of the Jewish Torah and of the Christian Old Testament. Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּפּוּר ˈjɔm kiˈpur also known in English as the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and important of the Jewish holidays Its "[18]

Postage stamps

In its early years, Israel issued stamps picturing the Jewish holidays, Jerusalem, Petah Tikva, the Negev, the Maccabiah Games, and Independence bonds. For the Gregorian dates of Jewish Holidays see Jewish holidays 2000-2050. Petah Tikva (פֶּתַח תִּקְוָה "Opening of Hope" known as Em HaMoshavot ("Mother of the Moshavot " is a city in the The Negev (נֶגֶב Tiberian vocalization: Néḡeḇ) is the Desert region of southern Israel. The Maccabiah Games ( מַכַּבִּיָּה) is an international Jewish athletic event similar to the Olympics. State of Israel Bonds are debt Securities issued by the Government of Israel. Every year, Israel issues a festival series to commemorate Rosh Hashanah. Holiday stamps are a type of Postage stamp issued to celebrate a certain Religious festival or Holiday. Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה literally "head of the year" Biblical: ˈɾoʃ haʃːɔˈnɔh Israeli haʃaˈna Yiddish: hɑˈʃɔnə is a Jewish In 1948, the festival series featured the "flying scrolls. "[19] In a self-reflective gesture, the postal authority also issued a souvenir sheet commemorating its own first stamps. In 1952, Israel issued its first stamp honoring a named person, Chaim Weizman. Chaim Azriel Weizmann ( Hebrew: חיים עזריאל ויצמן – November 27, 1874 &ndash November 9, 1952) was a Zionist Other honorees of the 1950s included Theodore Herzl, Edmond de Rothschild, Albert Einstein, Shalom Aleichem, Hayyim Nahman Bialik and Eliezer Ben-Yehuda. Theodor Herzl (בנימין זאב הרצל ( Binyamin Ze'ev Herzl) (May 2 1860&ndashJuly 3 1904 was an Austrian Jewish journalist who founded modern Baron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild ( August 19, 1845 – November 2, 1934) was a French member of the Rothschild banking Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical Shalom aleichem (or sholom aleichem) ( Hebrew שלום עליכם shālôm ʻalêḵem; Yiddish שלום־עליכם Hayyim Nahman Bialik ( Hebrew: חיים נחמן ביאליק) ( January 9, 1873&ndash July 4, 1934) also Chaim or For the street named for Eliezer Ben Yehuda in Jerusalem, Israel, see Ben Yehuda Street. The first woman honored was Henrietta Szold (1960), the first rabbi was the Baal Shem Tov (1961), and the first non-Jew was Eleanor Roosevelt (1964). Henrietta Szold ( December 21, 1860 &ndash February 13, 1945) was a U Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Rabbi Yisroel (Israel ben Eliezer (רבי ישראל בן אליעזר August 27, 1698 (18 Elul &ndash May 22, 1760) often called Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (ˈɛlɪnɔr ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 11 1884 &ndash November 7 1962

In 1998, Israel was the first country to honor Chiune Sugihara, who has since been honored on stamps from Gambia, Grenada, Guinea, Japan, Liberia, Lithuania, and Sierra Leone. Early life Chiune Sugihara was born January 1, 1900, in Yaotsu, a rural area in Gifu Prefecture of the Chūbu region in Grenada (grɪˈneɪdə is an Island nation that includes the southern Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea (pronounced /ˈgɪni/ République de Guinée is a country in West Africa, formerly known as French Guinea For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. [20] Stamps were issued in memory of two Arab leaders, King Hassan II of Morocco and King Hussein of Jordan, in 2000. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding King Hassan II (صاحب الجلالة الملك الحسن الثاني class Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Hussein bin Talal King of Jordan (حسين بن طلال Ḥusayn bin Ṭalāl) ( November 14, 1935 – February 7, 1999) was

Sarah Aaronsohn (1890-1917)
Sarah Aaronsohn (1890-1917)

Researchers at Emory University found that, through 2005, 161 Israeli stamps deal with women, though most do so anonymously. Emory University is a Private university located in the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta and in western unincorporated DeKalb County, Of the 45 stamps dedicated to individual women, 11 concerned Biblical characters and eight were of fighters: Haviva Reik, Hannah Szenes, Rachel Yanait Ben Zvi, Rivka Guber, Rene Levy, Zivia Lubetkin, Sarah Aaronsohn (pictured here), and an unnamed member of the Jewish brigade. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking Haviva Reik ( Chaviva Reich, Havivah Reich) (1914–1944 was one of thirty-two (or thirty-three Palestinian Jewish parachutists sent by the Jewish Hannah Szenes (or Chana Senesh) (חנה סנש ( July 17, 1921 &ndash November 7, 1944) was a Hungarian Jew Zivia Lubetkin (1914–1976 (in Polish: Cywia Lubetkin) (in Hebrew: צביה לובטקין) also known by her Nom de guerre Sarah Aaronsohn (1890 – October 9, 1917) was a member of Nili, a ring of Jewish spies working for the British in For other Jewish regiments see Jewish legion (disambiguation. [21]

Israeli stamps cover general themes, including philately itself, such as the 1954 stamp exhibition in Jerusalem, as well as themes emblematic of the state, such as Judaism and Jewish history. Philately is the study and collecting of revenue and postage stamps Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Jewish history is the History of the Jewish people, faith, and culture. For instance, in its first 40 years, nearly 10% of Israeli stamps included archeological motifs, for intellectual and ideological reasons. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos [22]

The country produced a total of 110 new issues in the 1960s, 151 in the 1970s, 162 in the 1980s and 216 in the 1990s. [23] Israel Post produces several dozen new issues each year: 40 new issues in 2000, 33 in 2001, 50 in 2002, 46 in 2003, 38 in 2004, 42 in 2005, 38 in 2006, and 44 in 2007. In 2008, new issues have honored Israel Rokach and Akiva Aryeh Weiss, two UNESCO World Heritage Sites (The Biblical Tels and the Incense Route), and Mekorot (the national water system). Israel Rokach, OBE (ישראל רוקח or Yiśrā’el Rōkaḥ born 31 December 1886, died 13 September 1959) was an Israeli United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The Incense Route or the Incense Road was a series of major ancient trading routes stretching across Egypt to India through Arabia. Mekorot is Israel 's national water company It was founded in 1937

Joint issues

Since its 1993 stamp for the 50th anniversary of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, issued jointly with Poland,[24] such joint issue stamps have been produced with other postal authorities and in 1996, a joint Hanukkah stamp was issued with the United States, in miniature sheet format. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (German "Aufstand im Warschauer Ghetto", Polish "Powstanie w getcie warszawskim") was the Jewish Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Holiday stamps are a type of Postage stamp issued to celebrate a certain Religious festival or Holiday. A souvenir sheet or miniature sheet is a small group of Postage stamps still attached to the sheet on which they were printed This was Israel's first self-adhesive stamp. A self-adhesive stamp is a Postage stamp with a Pressure sensitive adhesive that does not require moistening in order to adhere to paper

On January 27, 2008, a joint issue with the United Nations debuted for the International Holocaust Remembrance Day. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Stamps were also issued jointly with Germany (in 2005) to honor their diplomatic relations, Austria and Hungary (2004, honoring Theodore Herzl), Italy (2004, honoring the Great Synagogue of Rome), Georgia (in 2001, honoring Shota Rustaveli), and Hungary (in 2001, honoring the Dohány Synagogue of Budapest). Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states The Great Synagogue of Rome (Tempio Maggiore di Roma is the largest Synagogue in Rome. Shota Rustaveli (შოთა რუსთაველი 1160 - ? was a Georgian poet of the 12th century, and the greatest classic of Georgian secular literature The Great Synagogue in Dohány Street, also known as Dohány Street Synagogue (Dohány utcai Zsinagóga / Nagy Zsinagóga בית הכנסת הגדול של בודפשט [25]

Withdrawals

Israel Post has been forced on a number of occasions to withdraw certain stamps which caused concern in religious circles. In November 2006 a stamp bearing the Divine Name was taken out of circulation over fear that it may be treated with disrespect. See also Yahweh Tetragrammaton (from the Greek, meaning ' of four letters' (tetra "four" + gramma (gen Similar action was taken over a series that depicted passages from the Talmud. [26]

Relations with Palestinian postal services

Starting in 1994-1995, Israel shifted away from providing postal services for territories that, under the Oslo Accords, were to come under the auspices of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles The PNA established post offices throughout the PNA, developed its own unique postmarks[27] and issued stamps. A postmark is a Postal marking made on a letter, Package, Postcard or the like indicating The PNA's Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology issued a critical report on postal services in areas under Israeli control. [28]

Stamp collecting

Philately is popular among Israelis. The Israel Philatelic Federation lists two dozen stamp clubs throughout the small country. [29] and 15 philatelic businesses. [30] The country has stamp fairs (using its own cancellation), annual souvenir sheets, postage exhibitions, philatelic journals, and catalogs (pictured). In 1998, the Israel Post established the Postal and Philatelic Museum in Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel [3][31] Tel Aviv was selected to host the 2008 World Stamp Championship under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Philatélie, the international organization for philately. Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel Fédération Internationale de Philatélie (FIP founded on June 18 1926, is the world federation for Philately based in Zürich, Switzerland

Owing to sales to collectors, including those in the Jewish diaspora, philatelic items has been a considerable revenue stream for Israel's government. The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic [32]

See also

References

Notes
  1. ^ Rossiter, Stuart; John Flower & Raife Wellsted. This is a list of people on Postage stamps of Israel: National LMLK seals were stamped on the handles of large storage jars mostly in and around Jerusalem during the reign of King Hezekiah (circa 700 BC based on several complete The Scott catalogue of Postage stamps published by Scott Publishing Co a subsidiary of Amos Press, is updated annually and lists all the stamps of the entire Stamp Atlas: Israel. Sandafayre on-line. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  2. ^ Shahin (2005), pp. 421–423
  3. ^ a b Ashkenazy, Daniella (1999-02-25). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor New Postal and Philatelic Museum: Not Just for Stamp Collectors. Israel Magazine-On-Web. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved on 2008-02-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio
  4. ^ Bard, Dr. Leslie (October 2006), “Commercial Air Mail Rates from Palestine to the Americas, 3 Aug 1933-30 Apr 1948”, The Israel Philatelist 57 (5): pp. 168–169 
  5. ^ Israeli Stamps and Philatelic Resources. Historama. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  6. ^ First Stamps (1948). Sol Singer Collection of Philatelic Judaica. Emory's Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (2002). Emory University is a Private university located in the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta and in western unincorporated DeKalb County, Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  7. ^ Stamp production was secretive due to the difficult political and military conditions of the period. Coins Doar Ivri 1948. [Israel] Stamps catalog. Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince See also: Doar Ivri 1948. [IPF] Articles. Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince and Doar Ivri (Jerusalem 73 miniature sheets). [IPF] Articles. Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince , which states: ". . . evidence has been preserved of the circumstances surrounding the preparation and printing of Israel's first stamps in 1948 - the haste and secrecy connected with the preparation of the designs by the artist Otte Wallish; the color trials of the eight stamps produced on the Haaretz newspaper press in Tel Aviv; the collecting of a sufficient stock of paper obtained from all manner of unconventional sources, the setting-up of the printing press in the Kirya (government office center) and the conspiratorial beginnings of the printing of the stamps even before the termination of the British Mandate. (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. " Some 10 and 15 mil stamps were printed missing a line of the tab inscription.
  8. ^ Information drawn from the IPF catalog. The 1948 postage dues were denominated 3, 5, 10, 20, and 50 m. with the 1948 Doar Ivri design.
  9. ^ Stadtler, Oscar. The Tabs of Israel. [IPF] Articles. Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved on 2008-02-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German
  10. ^ Israel Philatelic Federation cancels list
  11. ^ Livni, Israel (1969). Livni's Encyclopedia of Israel Stamps. Tel-Aviv: Sifriyat Ma'ariv, p. 197ff. .  
  12. ^ Post Office Openings. Sol Singer Collection of Philatelic Judaica. Emory's Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (2002). Emory University is a Private university located in the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta and in western unincorporated DeKalb County, Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  13. ^ (1971) Encyclopedia Judaica.  
  14. ^ Goldwasser, Marcy. "Have Stamps, Will Travel", The Jerusalem Post, 1990-08-10, pp. The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli daily English-language Broadsheet Newspaper, founded on December 1, 1932 Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire  IX:846.  
  15. ^ Siegel, Judy. "Postal Authority To Push Its 'Post-Inflation' Stamps", The Jerusalem Post, 1989-10-16. The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli daily English-language Broadsheet Newspaper, founded on December 1, 1932 Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western   The date and design information is drawn from the IPF catalog.
  16. ^ Chelouche, Tari (2003-09-14). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Introduction & Klussendorf Stamps Overview. Israel Klussendorf Stamps Report & On-Line Catalogue. Retrieved on 2008-01-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental
  17. ^ Members of the EMS Cooperative. Express Mail Service. In most postal systems express mail refers to an accelerated delivery service for which the customer pays a Surcharge and receives faster delivery Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  18. ^ Yom Kippur War postcards. Sol Singer Collection of Philatelic Judaica. Emory's Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library. Emory University is a Private university located in the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta and in western unincorporated DeKalb County, Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  19. ^ According to the IPF catalog, the 1948 festival stamps are inscribed in Hebrew: "Joyous festivals" and, on the tab, "Flying Scroll - To the King - seal stamped on the wine and oil jugs given as tax to the king. " Designed by Otte Wallish and printed by photolithography, they were printed in horizontal-tete beche and gutter pairs, vertical gutter pairs, and in sheets with tabs. Photolithography (also called optical lithography) is a process used in Microfabrication to selectively remove parts of a thin film (or the bulk of a substrate In Philately, tête-bêche ( French for "head-to-tail" lit A Gutter, similar to Typography, is the space in between printed Postage stamps When stamps are printed on large sheets of paper that will be guillotined The "flying scroll" was a short-lived interpretation of the ancient image; when better specimens were excavated, it became clear that the design represented a winged light or sun, which was a common Near East motif.
  20. ^ (April 2005) Israel Philatelist: The Incredible Story of Chiune (Sempo) Sugihara (PDF), The Society of Israel Philatelists, pp. 54–57. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince  
  21. ^ Stewart, Levi; David R. Blumenthal (2007-06-01). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Women in Israeli and Topical Judaica Philately. David R. Blumenthal: Jay and Leslie Cohen Professor of Judaic Studies. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  22. ^ Silberman, Neil Asher; David B. Small (1997). The Archaeology of Israel: Constructing the Past, Interpreting the Present. Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Academic Press, p. Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England 52. ISBN 1850756503.  
  23. ^ Israel Philatelic Federation catalog
  24. ^ Harpuder, Ralph (June 2007). "Passover in Another Ghetto". American Philatelist 121 (No. 6): P 529. Bellafonte, PA: American Philatelic Society. The American Philatelic Society (APS is the largest nonprofit Stamp collecting and organization of Philately in the world with almost 44000 members As of 2007  
  25. ^ New Philatelic Issues: 2000-2008. Israel Post. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  26. ^ "More stamps withdrawn", Jewish Tribune, London, 2006-11-02, p. The Jewish Tribune is a privately owned Jewish Orthodox weekly newspaper based in Stamford Hill, London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000  8.  
  27. ^ Zywietz, Tobias (2007-09-28). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. PNA Post Offices and Postmarks. A Short Introduction To The Philately Of Palestine. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  28. ^ Zywietz, Tobias (2007-09-28). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. The Postal Situation (1994--). A Short Introduction To The Philately Of Palestine. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  29. ^ Philatelic societies and groups. Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  30. ^ Stamp dealers, auctions and expert. Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince
  31. ^ The Postal and Philatelic Museum. Philatelic Services. Israel Post. Retrieved on 2008-02-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
  32. ^ (1971) Encyclopedia Judaica, IX:845 and XV:335.  
Sources
Further reading

External links

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