Post-punk was a popular musical movement beginning at the end of the 1970s, following on the heels of the initial punk rock explosion of the mid 1970s. Glam rock (also known as glitter rock) is a sub-genre of Rock music that developed in the UK in the post- Hippie early 1970s which was "performed by Krautrock is a generic name for the Experimental music scene that appeared in Germany in the late 1960s and gained popularity throughout the 1970s especially in Britain Dub is a form of music which evolved from Reggae in the late 1960s Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard Experimental music is a term introduced by composer John Cage in 1955 The term world music includes Traditional music (sometimes called Folk music or roots music of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The drum is a member of the percussion group technically classified as a Membranophone. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a Musical keyboard. For the early "drum machine" computers that used a rotating cylinder as their main memory see Drum memory A drum machine is an An electronic musical instrument is a Musical instrument that produces its sounds using Electronics. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of Deathrock (or Death Punk) is a term used to identify a fusion of Punk rock and Gothic rock which incorporates elements of horror and spooky atmospheres This article is about the musical style of gothic rock For the goth scene in general see Goth subculture. Indie rock is genre of Alternative rock that primarily exists in the independent Underground music scene The post-punk revival is a movement in Alternative rock of the 2000s where bands draw from of the original sounds and aesthetics of the Post-punk sound of the late A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set This article is about the musical style of gothic rock For the goth scene in general see Goth subculture. No Wave was a short-lived but influential Art music, Film, Performance art, Video and Contemporary art scene that had its beginnings Neue Deutsche Welle ( New German Wave, often abbreviated NDW) was a genre of German music originally derived from Punk rock Coldwave or "ColdPop" initially referred to a French style of Post-punk and early Dark Wave music in the 1980s taking its cue from bands like Joy Post-hardcore evolved from Hardcore punk, itself an offshoot of the broader Punk rock movement Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of New Wave is a Rock music genre that existed during the late 1970s and the 1980s This article is about the musical style of gothic rock For the goth scene in general see Goth subculture. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The genre retains its roots in the punk movement but is more introverted, complex and experimental^[1]. Experimental music is a term introduced by composer John Cage in 1955 Post-punk laid the groundwork for alternative rock by broadening the range of punk and underground music, incorporating elements of Krautrock (particularly the use of synthesizers and extensive repetition), Jamaican dub music (specifically in bass guitar), American funk, studio experimentation, and even punk's traditional polar opposite, disco, into the genre. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of Underground music refers to a variety of post-1960s rock pop or dance subgenres that developed a Cult following despite their lack of Mainstream appeal visibility Krautrock is a generic name for the Experimental music scene that appeared in Germany in the late 1960s and gained popularity throughout the 1970s especially in Britain Repetition is important in Music, where sounds or sequences are often Repeated. Dub is a form of music which evolved from Reggae in the late 1960s The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define

It found a firm place in the 1980s indie scene, and led to the development of genres such as gothic rock, industrial music and alternative rock. In Popular music, independent music, often abbreviated as indie, is a term used to describe independence from major commercial record labels and an autonomous This article is about the musical style of gothic rock For the goth scene in general see Goth subculture. Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of Post-punk's biggest influence remains in the vast variety of sounds and styles it pioneered, many of which proved very influential in the later alternative rock scene.

History

During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1974–1978, acts such as the Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones, Patti Smith and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock music by stripping the musical structure down to a few basic chords and progressions with an emphasis on speed. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The Sex Pistols are an English Punk rock band that formed in London in 1975 For the debut album by The Clash see The Clash (album The Clash were The Ramones were an American rock band often regarded as the first Punk rock group Patricia Lee Smith ( born December 30 1946 is an American Singer-songwriter and poet The Damned are an English band formed in London in 1976 notable for being the first Punk rock band from England to release a single (" New Rose " an Yet as punk itself soon came to have a signature sound, a few acts began to experiment with more challenging musical structures, lyrical themes, and a self-consciously art-based image, while retaining punk's initial iconoclastic stance.

Classic examples of post-punk outfits include The Psychedelic Furs, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, The Birthday Party, The Fall, Gang of Four, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Orange Juice, Joy Division, New Order, Killing Joke, Echo & the Bunnymen, The Cure, Depeche Mode, Wire and Tubeway Army. The Psychedelic Furs are an English rock band founded in 1977 Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds are an Australian rock band with multinational personnel fronted by Nick Cave. The Birthday Party was an Australian Post-punk group active from 1977 to 1983 The Fall are an English Post-punk band formed in Prestwich, Greater Manchester in 1976 Gang of Four are an English Post-punk group from Leeds. Original personnel were singer Jon King, guitarist Andy Gill, bass guitarist Siouxsie & the Banshees were a British rock band which formed in 1976 Orange juice is a Fruit juice obtained by squeezing pressing or otherwise crushing the interior of an orange. Joy Division were an English rock band formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester. New Order are an English rock group formed in 1980 by Bernard Sumner ( vocals, Guitars Synthesizers, Peter Hook Killing Joke are an English Post-punk rock band formed in 1979 Echo & the Bunnymen are an English Post-punk group formed in Liverpool in 1978 The Cure are an English rock band that formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976 Depeche Mode (dəˌpɛʃˈmoʊd are an English Electronic music band formed in 1980 in Basildon, Essex. Wire are an English rock band formed in London in October 1976 (and intermittently active to the present by Colin Newman (vocals guitar Tubeway Army (1977–1979 was a London -based punk and new wave band led by Gary Webb (now better known by his stage name Gary Numan Bands such as Crass and Throbbing Gristle also came within the scope of post-punk, as with several outfits formed in the wake of traditionally punk rock groups: Magazine from Buzzcocks, for instance, or Public Image Ltd. For information about the Anarchist writer see Chris Crass Crass were an English Anarcho-punk band formed Throbbing Gristle are a British Avant-garde music and Visual arts group that evolved from the Performance art group COUM Transmissions Magazine were an English Post-punk group active between 1977 and 1981 Buzzcocks are an English Punk rock band formed in Manchester in 1975 Public Image Ltd ( PiL) were an English musical group formed in 1978 by vocalist John Lydon, Guitarist Keith Levene from the Sex Pistols. A list of predecessors to the post-punk genre of music might include Television, whose album Marquee Moon, although released in 1977 at the height of the punk movement, is considered definitively post-punk in style. Television, formed in New York City in 1973 is an American Rock music band Marquee Moon is Television 's 1977 debut Album (see 1977 in music) Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays (However, many would argue that bands such as Television, Talking Heads, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and the Voidoids were all core punk, as it was the raw originality and diversity of sound and style that was punk. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Talking head Talking Heads was an American New Wave band formed in 1974 in New York City and active until 1991 Siouxsie & the Banshees were a British rock band which formed in 1976 The Voidoids, also known as Richard Hell and The Voidoids, were a New York City Punk rock band of the late 1970s and early ) Other groups, such as The Clash, remained predominantly punk in nature, yet inspired and were inspired by the experimentalism of the post-punk movement, most notably in their album Sandinista!. Sandinista! is the fourth album by the Punk rock band The Clash.

Championed by late night BBC disc jockey John Peel and record label/shop Rough Trade (amongst others, including Postcard Records, Factory Records, Axis/4AD, Falling A Records, Industrial Records, Fast Product, and Mute Records), "post-punk" could arguably be said to encompass many diverse groups and musicians. A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, OBE (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004 known professionally as John Peel, was an English Disc jockey, radio Rough Trade Records began as an Independent record label, based in London, England. Postcard Recordings is a Glasgow -based Independent record label founded by Alan Horne in 1979 as a vehicle for Orange Juice and Josef K Factory Records was a Manchester based British Independent record label, started in 1978, which featured several prominent musical acts on its 4AD is a British Independent record label that was started in 1979 by Ivo Watts-Russell and Peter Kent funded by Beggars Banquet Records, and is still Falling A Records is a Essex England based Independent record label formed in the late 1970s and heavily involved with the D Industrial Records was a Record label established in 1976 by art/music group Throbbing Gristle. Fast Product was an Independent record label, established in Edinburgh Scotland by Bob Last in December 1977. Mute Records is a Record label formed in 1978 by Daniel Miller primarily to release his own single "T The original post-punk movement took place largely in the United Kingdom, with significant scenes throughout the world, though North American and other non-British bands weren't often recognized worldwide. Some notable exceptions include North Americans Pere Ubu, Suicide, early Hüsker Dü, Boston's Mission of Burma, Australia's The Birthday Party, The Church and Ireland's U2 and The Virgin Prunes. Pere Ubu are an Experimental rock music group formed in Cleveland Ohio, in 1975 Suicide is an American Rock music group intermittently active since 1971 and composed of Alan Vega ( Vocals) and Martin Rev ( Synthesizers For other uses see Husker Du. Hüsker Dü was an American Alternative rock band formed in Minneapolis-St Mission of Burma is an American Post-punk band formed in Boston Massachusetts in 1979 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Birthday Party was an Australian Post-punk group active from 1977 to 1983 Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Virgin Prunes was an Irish Gothic rock band The band formed in 1977 and disbanded in 1986 after the departure of member Gavin Friday.

Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth, walking over her bass during a concert. Sonic Youth is an American Alternative rock band formed in New York City in 1981

Around 1977, in North America, the New York led No Wave movement was also tied in with the emerging eurocentric post-punk movement. No Wave was a short-lived but influential Art music, Film, Performance art, Video and Contemporary art scene that had its beginnings With bands and artists such as Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Glenn Branca, Mars, James Chance and the Contortions, DNA, Bush Tetras, Theoretical Girls, Swans, and Sonic Youth on their first self-titled album recorded by Don Hunerberg. Teenage Jesus & the Jerks were an influential New York City No Wave music group of 1976-79 fronted by Lydia Lunch and James Chance, who later Glenn Branca (born October 6 1948 in Harrisburg Pennsylvania) is a highly-influential Avant-garde composer and Guitarist known for Mars was a New York City No Wave band formed by vocalist Sumner Crane in 1975 One of the original Punk jazz groups of the New York No Wave scene the Contortions were led by saxophonist James Chance, aka James White DNA were formed in 1978 by Guitarist Arto Lindsay and keyboardist Robin Crutchfield. The Bush Tetras were a rock band from New York City, popular in the New York club scene in the early 1980s but never achieving much mainstream success Theoretical Girls was a New York band formed by Glenn Branca and Jeff Lohn that existed from 1977 to early 1979 Sonic Youth is an American Alternative rock band formed in New York City in 1981 The No Wave movement focused more on performance art than actual coherent musical structure. The Brian Eno produced No New York compilation is considered the quintessential testament to the history of No Wave. Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer No New York is a Compilation album released in 1978 by Antilles Records under the curation of producer Brian Eno.

The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement moved away from its aesthetics, just as post-punk bands had originally left punk rock behind in favor of new sounds. Many post-punk bands, most notably The Cure and Siouxsie & the Banshees, evolved into gothic rock (formerly a style of the larger post-punk movement) and became identified with the goth subculture. The Cure are an English rock band that formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976 Siouxsie & the Banshees were a British rock band which formed in 1976 This article is about the musical style of gothic rock For the goth scene in general see Goth subculture. The goth subculture is a contemporary Subculture found in many countries Some shifted to a more commercial New Wave sound, while others were fixtures on American college radio and became early examples of alternative rock.

The turn of the 21st century saw a post-punk revival in British and American indie rock, which soon started appearing in many different countries as well. The post-punk revival is a movement in Alternative rock of the 2000s where bands draw from of the original sounds and aesthetics of the Post-punk sound of the late The earliest signs of a post-punk revival took place with the emergence of various underground bands in the mid-90's. The post-punk revival is a movement in Alternative rock of the 2000s where bands draw from of the original sounds and aesthetics of the Post-punk sound of the late However, the first commercially successful bands The Rapture, Liars, Interpol, The Libertines^[2], Franz Ferdinand and Editors surfaced in the late 90's to early 00's. The Rapture is a prophesied event in Christian eschatology, in which Christians will be gathered together at the return of Christ; even Christians who have died Liars is a four-piece American band consisting of Australian-born Angus Andrew (vocals/guitar Aaron Hemphill (percussion guitar synth Evan Shewchuk (maracas/xylophone and Julian Interpol is an American Alternative rock band formed in 1997 in New York City. The Libertines were an English Indie rock band Formed in London in 1997 by frontmen Pete Doherty (vocals/rhythm guitar and Carl Barât (vocals/lead Franz Ferdinand is a rock band that formed in Glasgow, Scotland in 2001 Editors are a British Indie rock band from Birmingham who formed in 2002 These bands made music with recognizable post-punk influences, even accompanied with arty, almost modish fashions copied from original post-punk bands. Mod (originally modernist, sometimes capitalised is a Subculture that originated in London in the late 1950s and peaked in the early to mid 1960s Modern post-punk is far more commercially successful than in the 1970s and 1980s. The post-punk revival is unique in modern rock trends, in that it has retained a strong following even after similar 80's revival genres such as electroclash have fallen out of style. The post-punk revival is a movement in Alternative rock of the 2000s where bands draw from of the original sounds and aesthetics of the Post-punk sound of the late Electroclash is a style of Music that fuses

Origin of the term

The term "post-punk" was used as early as 1980. Critic Greil Marcus referred to "Britain's postpunk pop avant-garde" in a July 24, 1980 Rolling Stone article. Greil Marcus (born 1945 is an American Author, music Journalist and cultural Critic. He applied the phrase to such bands as Gang of Four, The Raincoats and Essential Logic, which he wrote were "sparked by a tension, humour, and sense of paradox plainly unique in present-day pop music. The Raincoats are a Post-punk band and were formed in 1977 by Ana da Silva ( vocals, Guitar) and Gina Birch (vocals Essential Logic was a UK Post-punk band formed by Saxophonist Lora Logic after leaving X-Ray Spex. "^[3]

Music clips

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A few illustrative short clips of post-punk music:

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"Theme" by Public Image Ltd (UK, 1978)

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"Adventures close to home" by The Raincoats (UK, 1979)

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"Twenty Four Hours" by Joy Division (UK, 1980)

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Related styles

• Alternative rock/Indie rock
• Gothic rock/Death Rock
• Industrial music
• New Wave music
• No Wave
• Punk Rock
• Cassette Culture

See also

• List of post-punk bands
• Post-punk revival

Notes

External links

• "Post-Punk", Allmusic
• Hour-long public radio interview with Simon Reynolds, author of Rip It Up and Start Again: Post-Punk 1978-1984 on The Sound of Young America
• Simon Reynolds' Rip It Up and Start Again: Post-Punk 1978-1984, Fast 'n' Bulbous review
• "www.post-punk.com", post-punk. The Sound of Young America is a Public radio program and Podcast based in Los Angeles, California and distributed nationally by com, an online database and community related to the history of the genre.