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English grammar series

English grammar
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What are traditionally and popularly called possessive adjectives — in linguistic analyses possessive pronouns, possessive determiners or genitive pronouns — are a part of speech that prototypically modifies a noun by attributing possession to someone or something (but see below). English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. English grammar is a body of rules ( Grammar) specifying how phrases and sentences are constructed in the English language. In Traditional grammar, a contraction is the formation of a new Word from one or more individual words Disputed English grammar denotes disagreement about whether given constructions constitute correct English. A compound is a word composed of more than one Free morpheme. In the English language an English Honorific is something that is attached to but not usually part of a name e The personal pronouns of English can have various forms according to gender, number, person, and case. In the English Language, Nouns are inflected for Grammatical number —that is singular or Plural. This article is focused mainly on usage of English relative clauses Principal parts A regular English verb has only one principal part, the infinitive or dictionary form (which is identical to the simple present tense for all persons and This is a paradigm of English verbs that is a set of conjugation tables for the model regular verbs and for some of the most common irregular verbs The English language has a large number of Irregular verbs. In the great majority of these the Past participle and/or Past tense is In the English language, a modal auxiliary verb is an Auxiliary verb (or helping verb) that can modify the Grammatical mood (or mode Gender in the English language has been the focus of two distinct debates In Grammar, a lexical category (also word class, lexical class, or in traditional grammar part of speech) is a linguistic category of words (or Depending on the theory the grammar subscribes to, English "possessive adjectives" are determiners or pronouns: possessive determiners,[1] possessive pronouns,[2] dependent genitive pronouns,[3] weak possessive pronouns,[4] and so forth. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States In Linguistics and Grammar, a pronoun is a Pro-form that substitutes for a (including a noun phrase consisting of a single Noun) with or They are not adjectives, because they can be substituted for and cannot co-occur with another determiner such as an article or a demonstrative:

Contents

English possessive adjectives

There are seven of these personal pronouns in modern English: my, your, his, her, its, our, and their. In Grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a Noun or Pronoun, giving more information about the Demonstratives are deictic words (they depend on an external frame of reference that indicate which entities a speaker refers to and distinguishes those entities from others Personal pronouns are Pronouns used as substitutes for proper or common Nouns. (The suffix -'s works similarly, but it is a clitic attached to the preceding determiner phrase. In Linguistics, a clitic is a grammatically independent and phonologically dependent Word. In Linguistics, a determiner phrase (DP is a syntactic category a phrase headed by a Determiner. ) All of them indicate definiteness, like the definite article the. In grammatical theory, definiteness is a feature of Noun phrases distinguishing between entities which are specific and identifiable in a given context (definite noun Since in English they cannot co-occur with an article, phrases like "a book of mine" or "one of my books" must be used instead of incorrect "*a my book. " Their strong forms[5] — used independently (Mine is broken; can I use yours?) — are mine, yours, his, hers, ours and theirs (prenominal its has no predicative equivalent). A possessive pronoun is a Part of speech that attributes ownership to someone or something

Some languages have no such distinctive pronouns, and express possession by declining personal pronouns in the genitive or possessive case, or by using possessive suffixes. Possession, in the context of Linguistics, is an asymmetric relationship between two constituents the Referent of one of which (the possessor) possesses In Grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a Noun as modifying another The possessive case of a language is a Grammatical case used to indicate a relationship of possession. In Linguistics, a possessive suffix is a suffix attached to a noun to indicate its possessor, much in the manner of Possessive adjectives Possessive In Japanese, for example, boku no (a word for I with genitive particle), is used for "my" or "mine".

Possessive pronouns can avoid repetitions in a sentence by replacing a determiner phrase: they allow us to say "the girl took off her glasses" instead of "the girl took off the girl's glasses".

Forms

Possessive adjectives (or possessive determiners) commonly have similar forms to personal pronouns. Personal pronouns are Pronouns used as substitutes for proper or common Nouns. In addition, they have corresponding possessive pronouns, which are also phonetically similar. A possessive pronoun is a Part of speech that attributes ownership to someone or something The following chart shows the English, German, and French personal pronouns, possessive adjectives, and possessive pronouns (masculine nominative singular only). The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

Possessor English German French
Pers.
pron.
(obj)		 Poss. An oblique case (casus generalis in Linguistics is a Noun case of Synthetic languages that is used generally when a Noun is the object
adj. 		Poss.
pron. 		Pers.
pron.
(gen)		 Poss. In Grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a Noun as modifying another
adj. 		Poss.
pron. 		Pers.
pron.
(dat)		 Poss. The dative case is a Grammatical case generally used to indicate the Noun to whom something is given
adj. 		Poss.
pron.
Singular 1st me my mine meiner mein meiner me mon le mien
2nd you your yours deiner dein deiner te ton le tien
3rd Masculine him his his seiner sein seiner lui son le sien
Feminine her her hers ihrer ihr ihrer
Neuter it its (its) seiner sein seiner  
Plural 1st us our ours unser unser unserer nous notre le nôtre
2nd you your yours euer euer eurer vous votre le vôtre
3rd them their theirs ihrer ihr ihrer leur leur le leur

Semantics

For pronouns as elsewhere, the genitive does not always attribute possession. Consider the following examples:

Although one might argue for ownership of a child, it's much harder to argue for the ownership of a mother. The relation here is not ownership but kinship.

This relation is less clear: one does not quite own their dreams.

Bob normally does not own the train.

This noun phrase could refer to the CD that I own, the one with music that I recorded, the one that I bought for the kids, or some other relation identifiable in the context.

Common misspelling

It is worth remembering that no possessive determiner of English has an apostrophe, although a number of them, like its, are homophonous with pronoun-auxiliary contractions:

pronoun - genitive forms whose? my your his her its our their
'be' verb (contracted forms) who's? I'm you're he's she's it's we're they're

The pronoun its is very commonly misspelled; not only is there the homophone it's (a form of either "it is" or "it has"), but -'s is a genitive clitic. Spelling is the Writing of a Word or words with the necessary letters and Diacritics present in an accepted standard order A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning

Notes

  1. ^ Biber et al. (1999), pp.  270–72
  2. ^ Jesperson (1949), pp. 399–405.
  3. ^ Payne and Huddleston (2002), p. 426.
  4. ^ Quirk et al. (1985), pp.  361–62.
  5. ^ Quirk et al. call them strong possessive pronouns (1985, pp.  361–62). Other terms are possessive pronouns (Jesperson 1949, pp. 399–405; Biber et al. 1999, pp.  340–42) and independent genitive pronouns (Payne and Huddleston 2002, p. 426).

References

Dictionary

possessive adjective

-noun

  1. An adjective expressing possession.
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