King Porus (also Raja Puru or Parvataraja) was the King of Paurava. Events By place Persian Empire Rhodes falls to Persian forces Events By place Macedonian Empire Seleucus joins Antigonus against Eumenes and recaptures Babylon. Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Events By place Macedonian Empire Seleucus joins Antigonus against Eumenes and recaptures Babylon. Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Malayketu was the king of a kingdom in Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (Greek the Hydaspes and the Acesines and dominions Malayketu was the king of a kingdom in Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (Greek the Hydaspes and the Acesines and dominions The state falls within the territory of Trigata Kingdom of Katoch Rulers i. e. a Kingdom in Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (in Greek, the Hydaspes and the Acesines) rivers in the Punjab and dominions extending to the Beas (in Greek, the Hyphasis). Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c "Hydaspes" redirects here For the historic battle see Battle of the Hydaspes. HeadMarala3jpg|200px|right|thumb|A View of Marala Headworks on Chenab near Sialkot]] The Chenab River (ਚਨਾਬ, चनाब چناب literally 'Moon( Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c [1] Its capital may have been near the current city of Lahore. ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. [2] The Greek historian Arrian mentions the palace of Sopeithes as the place on the Hydaspes where Bhera is located. "Hydaspes" redirects here For the historic battle see Battle of the Hydaspes. Bhera is a town in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located on the Jhelum river in Sargodha District, at Latitude 32 The Greeks refer to the Jhelum river as the Hydaspes River where Alexander the Great fought Porus in Battle of the Hydaspes River in 326 BCE. "Hydaspes" redirects here For the historic battle see Battle of the Hydaspes. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' The Battle of the Hydaspes River was a Battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Indian king Porus (Pururava King Porus was said to be "5 cubits tall", either the implausible 2. 3 m (7½ ft) assuming an 18-inch cubit, or the more likely 1. For the multi-touch interface see CUBIT (multi-touch. For the unit of information see Qubit. 8 m (6 ft) if a 14-inch Macedonian cubit was meant. The Macedonian cubit was a unit of measurement in use in ancient Macedon. Either height would be unusually tall for the period.
Conflict, alliance and comradeship with AlexanderUnlike his neighbour, Ambhi (in Greek: Omphis), King Porus chose to fight Alexander the Great in order to defend his kingdom, Paurava, and its people. Taxiles (in Greek Tαξίλης or Ταξίλας lived 4th century BC) was the Greek chroniclers' name for a prince or king who reigned over the tract Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' King Porus fought the Battle of the Hydaspes River with Alexander in 326 BC. The Battle of the Hydaspes River was a Battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Indian king Porus (Pururava Events By place Macedonian Empire In the spring Alexander the Great crosses the Indus near Attock and enters After fierce fighting and very heavy casualties on both sides, he was defeated by Alexander in a Pyrrhic victory. A Pyrrhic victory (ˈpɪrɪk is a victory with devastating cost to the victor [3] The battle is often considered to be Alexander's hardest fought battle,[4][5] so hard that it caused his army to mutiny against him afterwards. [6] In a famous meeting with Porus - who had suffered many arrow wounds in the battle and had lost his sons, who all chose death in battle rather than surrender -- Alexander reportedly asked him, "How would you like to be treated?" Porus replied, "As befits a king. " Alexander was so impressed by the brave and powerful response of King Porus that he released him back to his Kingdom and gave him the captured land of a neighbouring Kingdom whose ruler had fled. [7] Later, King Porus is reported to have participated in Alexander's conquests further east in India. During the attack and destruction of Sagala, Porus rallied Alexander and supplied elephants as well as 5,000 troops:
In recognition for his support, Alexander gave him the dominion over the territories he had conquered, as far as the Hyphasis:
SatrapKing Porus seems to have held the position of a Hellenistic satrap for several years after Alexander's departure. He is first mentioned as satrap of the area of the Hydaspes in the text of the Partition of Babylon on 323 BCE. "Hydaspes" redirects here For the historic battle see Battle of the Hydaspes. The Partition of Babylon designates the attribution of the territories by Alexander the Great between his generals soon after his death in 323 BCE. His position was confirmed again in 321 BC at the Partition of Triparadisus. The Partition of Triparadisus was a power-sharing agreement passed at Triparadisus in 321 BCE between the generals ( Diadochi) of Alexander the Great Indian texts such as the Mudrarakshasa of Visakhadutta as well as the Jaina work Parisishtaparvan talk of Chandragupta's alliance with the Himalayan king Parvata, often identified with King Porus. The Mudrarakshasa (lit The Signet of the Minister) a historical play in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta (4th century CE narrates the ascent of the king Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. [8] DeathIndian sources record that Parvata was killed by mistake by the Indian ruler Rakshasa, who was trying to assassinate Chandragupta instead. Chandragupta Maurya (चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य sometimes known simply as Chandragupta (born c Greek historians, however, record that he was assassinated, sometime between 321 and 315 BC (317 BC accepted year), by the Thracian general Eudemus, who had remained in charge of the Macedonian armies in the Punjab:
After his assassination, his son King Malayketu ascended the throne with the help of Eudemus. Malayketu was the king of a kingdom in Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (Greek the Hydaspes and the Acesines and dominions However, Malayketu was killed in the Battle of Gabiene in 317 BC. Battle of Gabiene ( 316 BC) was a second great battle (after Paraitacene) between two of Alexander the Great 's successors Antigonus and contradictions But for their brutal nature Alexander and his armies could not have defeated kingdom after kingdom and reached all the way upto Indus river. Why did Alexander a ruthless warlord suddenly have a change of heart, acquired a pardoning trait only on the banks of the Indus river and return back peacefully? While the marches of Alexander are a major event in European history of that period, which has also been glorified by the colonial historians, there is hardly any mention of the visit of Alexander in the pre-colonial historical writings of India. The stories brought back by Alexander's soldiers helped historians of those times viz, Callisthenes, Ptolemy, Aristobulus, Clietarchus to write their report on the conquests of Alexander. Based on these reports, other historians like Plutarch, Arian, Diodorus, Justin, Qunitus Curtus all wrote about the gory and glory of the conquest of Alexander's army. It is pertinent to note here, that these historians lived between 300 to 500 years after Alexander's time. Obviously by that time, a lot of myth could easily have got mixed with reality. Based on all these, many modern historians have questioned the very aspect of Alexander having returned victorious from India. References
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