The Cenotaph, in Whitehall, London, is made from Portland stone

Portland Stone quarry on the Isle of Portland

Portland stone is a limestone from the Jurassic period quarried on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. A cenotaph is a tomb or a Monument erected in honour of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere Whitehall is a road in Westminster in London, England. It is the main artery running north from Parliament Square, towards traditional London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or Minerals are extracted The Isle of Portland ( is a limestone tied island long by wide in the English Channel. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about Ma (million years ago to  Ma that is from the end of the Triassic to the beginning A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or Minerals are extracted The Isle of Portland ( is a limestone tied island long by wide in the English Channel. Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast The quarries consist of beds of white-grey limestone separated by chert beds. Chert (ˈtʃɝt is a fine-grained Silica -rich Microcrystalline, Cryptocrystalline or Microfibrous Sedimentary rock that may contain It has been used extensively throughout the British Isles, notably in major public buildings in London such as St Paul's Cathedral and Buckingham Palace. The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican Cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. It is also exported to many countries - Portland stone is used in the United Nations headquarters building in New York city, for example. The United Nations Headquarters is a distinctive complex in New York City that has served as the headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1950 In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made The City of New York

The term "Portland Cement" was coined by Joseph Aspdin who produced first in 1824 a hydraulic binder by burning a mixture of limestone and clay resembling the Roman cement and presenting a texture very close to that of the oolitic Portland stone. Portland cement is the most common type of Cement in general usage in many parts of the world as it is a basic ingredient of Concrete, mortar, Stucco Joseph Aspdin (December? 1778 – 20 March 1855) was a British cement manufacturer who obtained the Patent for Portland cement on The reaper-binder, or binder, was a farm implement that improved upon the Reaper. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Roman concrete was a Ceramic material used in construction during the Roman Empire. ^[1]

All gravestones for British personnel killed in the First and Second World Wars are made out of Portland stone. The Armed forces of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the British Armed Forces or Her Majesty's Armed Forces, and sometimes legally the Armed Forces World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including However, these began to weather and detail such as the regimental badges were becoming difficult to view. Weathering is the decomposition of earth rocks, Soils and their Minerals through direct contact with the planet's Atmosphere. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission began to use botticino, a white marble limestone, from about 1998. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( CWGC) is a joint governmental organisation responsible for marking and maintaining the graves of members of the Commonwealth See also Lombardia (wine Sources Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of Portand stone was used for the £6 million memorial in Staffordshire, England, designed by Liam O'Connor, that bears the names of over 16,000 service personnel who died since World War II^[2]. See also Pound (currency.The pound sign (" £ " or " ₤ " is the symbol for the Pound sterling —the currency of the Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

Three main "Portland Beds" are quarried. The Base and Portland Independent Top Whitbed beds are fine textured and contain few fossil remains, and so are popular for high quality work. Portland Independent Top Whitbed is the variety of Portland stone used to build "The Ashton Memorial" in Lancaster. In Geology a bed is the smallest division of a Geologic formation or stratigraphic rock series marked by well-defined divisional planes (bedding planes The Portland Admiralty Roach bed is rougher with many fossils and its stone is notably used in the Cobb, at nearby Lyme Regis. Portland Admiralty Roach is a kind of stone from the Isle of Portland used to construct "The Cobb" the well known seawall at Lyme Regis in FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. Lyme Regis (ˌlaɪmˈriːdʒɪs is a coastal town in West Dorset, England, situated 25 Miles west of Dorchester and east of Exeter Lyme Regis (ˌlaɪmˈriːdʒɪs is a coastal town in West Dorset, England, situated 25 Miles west of Dorchester and east of Exeter

The Portland Sculpture and Quarry Trust was formed in 1983. The Trust is dedicated to preserving a knowledge and understanding of stone and the landscape from which it comes. Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land including physical elements such as Landforms living elements of flora and fauna abstract elements such as lighting

See also

• List of stone
• List of types of limestone
• Portland Admiralty Roach
• Portland Bowers Basebed
• Portland Bowers Lynham Whitbed
• Portland Bowers Saunders Whitbed
• Portland Grove Whitbed
• Portland Hard Blue
• Portland Independent Basebed
• Portland Independent Bottom Whitbed
• Portland Independent Top Whitbed
• Portland New Independent Whitbed
• Portland cement

References

External links

• Geology of the Jurassic Coast
• Portland fossils
• London buildings/stone