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The port of Hong Kong, located by the South China Sea, is a deepwater seaport dominated by trade in containerised manufactured products, and to a lesser extent raw materials and passengers. Hong Kong's highly favorable geographical position and Entrepot trading opportunities are wealth-generating assets Hong Kong banknotes in everyday circulation are $10 $20 $50 $100 $500 and $1000 The Hong Kong coinage, including $10 $5 $2 $1 50 cents 20 cents and 10 cents is issued by Hong Kong Monetary Authority on behalf of the Government of Hong Kong The Hong Kong Monetary Authority ( or HKMA (金管局 is Hong Kong 's Central banking institution (more precisely Currency board) The term Four Asian Tigers or East Asian Tigers refers to the Economies of South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore This page gives detailed information on the Employment situation in Hong Kong. Hong Kong has a highly developed and sophisticated Transportation network encompassing both public and private transport The Tourism industry has been an important part of the Economy of Hong Kong since it shifted to a service sector model in the late 1980s and early 90s Hongkong Post ( is a department under the Hong Kong government, though operated as a Trading Fund Agriculture and Aquaculture in Hong Kong are considered sunset industries. This is a (incomplete list of companies from Hong Kong. Amoy Food Limited Ajiichiban Ality The Hong Kong Stock Exchange ( also 港交所 abbreviated as HKEX;) is the Stock exchange of Hong Kong. Growth Enterprise Market ( is a Stock market set up by Stock Exchange of Hong Kong for growth companies that do not fulfill the requirements of profitability or track The Culture of Hong Kong can best be described as a foundation that began with China, and then leaned West for much of the 20th century under constructive Education in Hong Kong has a similar system to that of the United Kingdom, in particular the English education system of Hong Kong was modernized by the The Geography of Hong Kong primarily consists of three main territories Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and the New Territories Hong Kong began as a coastal Island geographically located in southern China. Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by People's Republic of China, its own legislature the Chief Executive The South China Sea is a Marginal sea south of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from Singapore to the ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers A key factor in the economic development of Hong Kong, the natural shelter and deep waters of Victoria Harbour provide ideal conditions for berthing and handling all types of vessels. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Victoria Harbour is a natural landform Harbour situated between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula in Hong Kong. It is one of the busiest ports in the world, in the three categories of shipping movements, cargo handled and passengers carried. The world's busiest Port is contested by several ports around the world

Contents

Administration

Responsibility for administering the port is vested in the Director of Marine. The Port Operations Committee advises him on all matters affecting the efficient operations of the port, except those matters that are the responsibility of the Pilotage Advisory Committee and the Provisional Local Vessels Advisory Committee. The Hong Kong Port Development Council advises the Government on matters related to port planning and development and promoting Hong Kong as a regional hub port and a leading container port in the world. Meanwhile, the Hong Kong Maritime Industry Council advises the Government on measures to further develop Hong Kong’s maritime industry and to promote Hong Kong’s position as an international maritime centre. Both councils are chaired by the Secretary for Economic Development and Labour. The Secretary for Economic Development and Labour ( is the head of the Economic Development and Labour Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, which is responsible for The Marine Department is responsible for ensuring that conditions exist to enable ships to enter the port, work their cargoes and leave as quickly and as safely as possible. The Marine Department ( of the Hong Kong Government is responsible for maintaining safety and environmental protection of the harbour ( Port of Hong Kong Cargo (or freight) refers to goods or produce transported generally for Commercial gain by ship, aircraft, train, It is concerned with many aspects of safety standards for all classes and types of vessels, from the largest oil-carrying tankers to the smallest passenger-carrying sampans. History The technology of oil transportation has evolved alongside the oil industry A sampan ( Chinese: 舢舨 is a relatively flat bottomed Chinese wooden Boat from 3 It also maintains aids to navigation and mooring buoys for sea-going ships, manages two cross-boundary ferry terminals and administers eight public cargo-working areas.

Shipping

Container Terminals in Hong Kong
Container Terminals in Hong Kong

Hong Kong is one of several hub ports serving the South-East and East Asia region, and is an economic gateway to mainland China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National During 2001, more than 37,000 sea-going vessels arrived at Hong Kong. The average turnaround time for container vessels is about 10 hours. For conventional vessels working in mid-stream at buoys or anchorages, it is 42 and 52 hours respectively.

Container traffic

The port has been one of the busiest container ports in the world for many years, and at times the busiest. It was the world's busiest container port from 1987 to 1989, from 1992 to 1997, and from 1999 to 2004[1], until overtaken by the Port of Singapore in 2005 onwards. This is a list of the world's busiest container Seaports, total mass of actual TEU (in thousands transported through the port The Port of Singapore refers to the collective facilities and terminals that conduct maritime trade handling functions in Singapore 's harbours and which In the first quarter of 2007, it was also overtaken for the first time by the Port of Shanghai. The Port of Shanghai, located in the vicinity of Shanghai, comprises a deep-sea port and a river port [2]

Container terminals

There are currently nine container terminals situated at Kwai Chung, Stonecutters Island and Tsing Yi (the last one completed in 2004). Kwai Chung is an area in the New Territories of Hong Kong, China. Stonecutters Island or Ngong Shuen Chau ( Chinese 昂船洲 is a former Island in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong. Tsing Yi ( or Tsing Yi Island ( is an Island of Hong Kong, to the northwest of Hong Kong Island and south of Tsuen Wan. Substantial container throughput is handled by the River trade terminal at Tuen Mun and by mid-stream. For districts of Hong Kong see Tuen Mun District. For a new town in Hong Kong see Tuen Mun New Town.

Kwai Tsing Container Terminals

Main article: Kwai Tsing Container Terminals

The Kwai Tsing Container Terminals (Kwai Chung Container Terminals until Container Terminal 9 was opened on Tsing Yi), located in the north-western part of the harbour, has nine container terminals with 24 berths of about 8,500 metres of frontage. Kwai Tsing Container Terminals is the main port facilities in the reclamation along Rambler Channel between Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong Kwai Tsing Container Terminals is the main port facilities in the reclamation along Rambler Channel between Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong Container Terminal 9 or CT9 ( is the 9th Container terminal in Hong Kong. A container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles for onward transportation The term berth is used to describe a bed on a boat or train or a location in a port or harbour used specifically for mooring vessels while not at sea (or as a verb to describe It covers a total terminal area of about 2. 7 km² which includes container yards and container freight stations. The nine container terminals have a total handling capacity of over 18 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (often TEU or teu) is an inexact unit of cargo capacity often used to describe the capacity of Container ships and Container

These terminals are operated by five companies, namely:

The existing 8 terminals occupy 2. 17 square kilometres of land, providing 18 berths and 6,592 metres deep water frontage. These terminals handle about 60% of total container traffic handled in Hong Kong.

Planning is underway for a potential Container Terminal 10 (CT10), with possible sites narrowed down to either southwest Tsing Yi or northwest Lantau, to the west of the airport. Lantau Island, also Lantao, based on the old local name of Lantau Peak ( lit

Container terminals
Terminal Operator Depth
(m)		 Berths Quay length
(m)		 Quay cranes Area
(m²)		 Capacity
(kTEUs)
Terminal 1 (CT1) MTL 14 1 4
Terminal 2 (CT2) MTL 14 1 5
Terminal 3 (CT3) DPI 14 1 305 6 167,000 >1,200
Terminal 4 (CT4) HIT 12. 5 3 8
Terminal 5 (CT5) MTL 14 1 4
Terminal 6 (CT6) HIT 12. 5-15. 5 3 11
Terminal 7 (CT7) HIT 15. 5 4 15
Terminal 8 East (CT8E) HIT/COSCO 15. 5 2 640 9 300,000 1,800
Terminal 8 West (CT8W) ACT 15. 5 2 740 8 285,000 >2,000
Terminal 9 North (CT9N) HIT 15. 5 2 700 9 190,000 >2,600 (N&S)
Terminal 9 South (CT9S) MTL 15. 5 4 1,240 13 490,000

River Trade Terminal at Tuen Mun

The waters of Hong Kong viewed from space
The waters of Hong Kong viewed from space

The River Trade Terminal at Tuen Mun involves the consolidation of containers, break bulk and bulk cargo shipped between the Hong Kong port and ports in the Pearl River Delta. The terminal is located near Pillar Point in Tuen Mun, New Territories, and is operated by River Trade Terminal Company Ltd. The 65-hectare terminal, completed in November 1999, has about 3,000 metres of quay, according to Hong Kong Port Development Council data.

Mid-stream

Mid-stream operation involves loading and unloading containers to and from ships while at sea, with barges or dumb steel lighters performing the transfer, and then distributing or landing the containers to piers nearby. Mid-stream operation is the operation of loading and unloading cargo containers at the Container ship while at sea with Barges or dumb steel lighters performing Due to high handling fees at the container terminals, Hong Kong has become the only place in the world with at-sea loading and unloading operations.

Currently, there are 11 different yard sites solely for mid-stream operations, occupying a total land area of 27. 5 hectares and waterfrontage of 3,197 metres.

Ferry services

The Hong Kong-Macau Ferry Terminal between Central and Sheung Wan and the China Ferry Terminal in Tsim Sha Tsui provide centralised ferry services to Macau and 24 ports on mainland China. Hong Kong-Macau Ferry Terminal or Hong Kong-Macau Ferry Pier ( Traditional Chinese: 港澳碼頭 is located in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong Central (also Central District; Cantonese Choong Wan or Chung Wan) the Central business district of Hong Kong was commonly known as part of Sheung Wan ( is an area in Hong Kong, located in the north-west of Hong Kong Island (in between Central and Sai Ying Pun) Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal ( Chinese 中國客運碼頭 or 中港碼頭 is a ferry terminal, located at China Hong Kong City, 33 Canton Road Tsim Sha Tsui (尖沙咀 or 尖沙嘴 often abbreviated as TST, also known as Tsim Tsui (尖咀 or 尖嘴 by local people is an urbanised area in the See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction About 100 vessels, mostly high-speed passenger craft such as jetfoils, catamarans and hoverferries, operate from these terminals. A Jetfoil is the name for a passenger-carrying waterjet-propelled Hydrofoil design by Boeing. A catamaran (From Tamil 'kattumaram' is a type of Multihulled Boat or Ship consisting of two hulls or vakas joined by some A hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicle (ACV is an Amphibious vehicle or craft, designed to travel over any sufficiently smooth surface supported by In 2001, over 17 million passengers passed through the terminals, comprising approximately 11. 2 million passenger trips to/from Macau and 6. 5 million passenger trips to/from mainland ports.

Government fleet

There are over 600 vessels of different types and sizes in the government fleet. About 152 vessels are major mechanised vessels serving under 16 government departments such as the Marine Police, Customs and Excise, and Fire Services. Water police, also called harbour patrols, port police, marine/maritime police, nautical patrols, bay constables or river police Distinguish from a Firefight, which means a battle with firearms Some user departments operate and man their purpose-built vessels. The Marine Department itself controls about 100 vessels, including patrol launches, personnel carriers, pontoons, self-propelled barges and specialised vessels such as hydrographic survey launches and explosive carriers. A pontoon is a flat-bottomed Boat or the floats used to support a structure on water BARGE, the Big August RecGambling Excursion is a yearly convention held in Las Vegas during the first weekend of August Hydrographic survey in its strictest sense is the process of gathering information about navigable waters for the purposes of safe navigation of vessels These vessels provide support to the department’s own port operations or serve other departments which do not have their own fleet. The Government Dockyard is responsible for the design, procurement and maintenance of all vessels owned by the Government. Government Dockyard ( Chinese 政府船塢 is a dockyard of Hong Kong Government responsible for the design Procurement and maintenance of all vessels It occupies a site of 980,000 m² on Stonecutters Island and has an 83,000 m² protected water basin as an operational base for vessels operated by the Marine Department. The dockyard has a ship-lift system and three ship-hoists capable of drydocking vessels of up to 750 tonnes. A drydock is a narrow basin or vessel that can be flooded to allow a load to be floated in then drained to allow that load to come to rest on a dry platform This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton. An on-line computerised information system is employed to co-ordinate the maintenance activities and support services to maximise maintenance efficiency and vessel availability.

Drydocks and slipways

The port has extensive facilities for repairing, maintaining, drydocking and slipping of all types of vessels. Two floating drydocks are located off the west coast of Tsing Yi Island and two northeast of Lantau Island. The largest is capable of docking vessels up to 150,000 metric tons of deadweight (DWT). Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight and variously abbreviated as DWT, D There is also a large number of smaller shipyards, which carry out repairs to vessels and build specialised craft, including sophisticated patrol craft and pleasure vessels for overseas markets. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military

Port facilities and services

A Tsuen Wan port
A Tsuen Wan port

Moorings and anchorages

The Marine Department operates and maintains 58 mooring buoys for sea-going vessels. Tsuen Wan ( formerly also Tsun Wan) is a Bay in the New Territories, Hong Kong, opposite to Tsing Yi Island across Of these 31 are suitable for ships up to 183 metres in length and 27 for ships up to 137 metres. There are 44 special typhoon mooring buoys to which ships can remain secured during typhoons. This improves efficiency and reduces operational costs of vessels through elimination of unnecessary movements. In addition to the three Immigration and Quarantine Anchorages designated for visiting vessels to complete port formalities, there are eight dangerous goods and eight general-purpose anchorages providing temporary berthing spaces for vessels. The areas and water depths of the anchorages are diversified to accommodate different sizes and draughts of ships calling at Hong Kong. There are over 460 modern marine aids to navigation throughout Hong Kong waters to guide mariners to and from their berths. navigational aid (also known as aid to navigation ATON or navaid) is any sort of marker which aids the traveler in navigation the term is most commonly

Navigation safety

All fairway buoys are lit and fitted with radar reflectors. Traffic Separation Schemes operate in the East Lamma Channel and Tathong Channel. The East Lamma Channel ( Chinese 東博寮海峽 is a sea channel in Hong Kong. Tathong Channel, also known as Nam Tong Hoi Hap ( Chinese 藍塘海峽 refers to the eastern sea waters in Hong Kong leading into Victoria Harbour The Marine Department’s VHF radio network provides comprehensive marine communication coverage throughout the harbour and its approaches. A harbor or harbour (see spelling differences) or haven, is a place where ships may shelter from the Weather or are stored The department has direct communication links with other maritime authorities and users world-wide. Locally, the department’s Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre (MRCC) maintains direct contact with emergency response services, which include the Government Flying Service, Marine Police and Fire Services. MRCC provides 24-hour maritime distress alert monitoring and co-ordinates all maritimesearch and rescue operations within the Hong Kong search and rescue region in the South China Sea. For the TV series of this title see Search and Rescue (TV series.

A comprehensive Vessel Traffic Service (VTS), with radar surveillance and tracking capabilities as well as a fully integrated data handling sub-system, covers 95% of Hong Kong waters used by sea-going vessels and ferries. A vessel traffic service ( VTS) is a marine traffic monitoring system established by harbor or port authorities similar to Air traffic control for aircraft The VTS offers advice on the activities of other vessels and gives navigational information to mariners through a sectorised VHF network. This ensures the safety standard and traffic efficiency of the port. An upgraded VTS system, which can track 4,000 moving vessels plus 1,000 stationary targets in real time, has been in operation since early 2002. It provides the latest VTS technology such as AIS, ECDIS, CCTV, new VHF-direction finders and modern communications systems to further improve navigation safety and operation efficiency. The Automatic Identification System ( AIS) is a System used by ships and Vessel Traffic Services (VTS principally for identification and locating vessels An Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS is a specific form of computer-based navigation information system that complies with International Maritime Organization Marine Department patrol launches maintain a watch on shipping, traffic separation schemes, fairways, navigational channels, typhoon shelter and cargo-working areas. A typhoon shelter (避風塘 is a shelter for fishing boats during Typhoons These facilities are often found in Hong Kong. They provide on-scene support to the Vessel Traffic Centre (VTC) and are in continuous radio contact with the VTC and local marine traffic control stations located at Ma Wan and Kwai Chung Container Port. Ma Wan ( is an Island of Hong Kong, located between Lantau Island and Tsing Yi Island. Kwai Tsing Container Terminals is the main port facilities in the reclamation along Rambler Channel between Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong The VTC is thus able to promptly initiate and co-ordinate actions required to facilitate safe navigation in the port.

The Hydrographic Office of the Marine Department surveys Hong Kong waters and produces nautical charts to facilitate safe navigation within the port. It functions with reference to the standards laid down by the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO). Notices to Mariners are promulgated fortnightly to update bilingual nautical charts. A Differential Global Positioning System correction signal is broadcast continuously on 289 kHz to assist mariners using GPS navigation to position-fix their vessels more accurately. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that uses a network of fixed ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth Tidal stream predictions and real-time tidal information are provided on the department's website[3]. Tidal power, sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of Hydropower that converts the energy of Tides into electricity or other useful forms of power Pilotage is compulsory for ships of 3,000 gross tonnes and above and gas carriers of any tonnage. Quarantine and immigration facilities are available on a 24 hour basis. Advance immigration clearance and radio pratique may be obtained by certain vessels on application.

Dangerous goods

Dangerous goods are moved in the waters of Hong Kong strictly in accordance with the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. Their movements must be recorded in Marine Department’s Dangerous Goods Information System. Fire-fighting vessels operated by the Fire Services Department are kept in a state of readiness at all times. The Marine Department’s pollution control vessels are on 24-hour standby to deal with oil spills. For the fictional character see Oil Slick (Transformers. An oil spill is the release of a Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbon into

Other working facilities

To facilitate transfer of cargo between vessels and the shore, and cargo to and from Pearl River ports, the Marine Department provides and manages 7,756 metres of public cargo-working sea frontage in various parts of Hong Kong. Bulk handling facilities for coal and oil are provided at the power generating stations at Tap shek kok in Castle peak and at Po lo tsui on Lamma Island. For a formal area name in Hong Kong see Tuen Mun. Castle Peak ( or Pui To Shan (杯渡山 is a 583 m high peak in the western Hung shing ye beach lamma island hong kongjpg|right|300px|thumb|Lamma Power Station and Hung Shing Yeh beach]] Lamma Island ( also known as Pok Liu Chau ( or simply

Hong Kong Shipping Register

Hong Kong is a major centre of ship ownership and management. Ships owned or managed in Hong Kong amount to 34 million gross tonnes. Hong Kong has been recognised by the international shipping sector as a first-rate ship registration centre, where registration of ships is entirely voluntary. At the end of 2001, 653 ships were registered in Hong Kong, with a total gross tonnage of 13. 7 million tonnes – a 32 per cent growth over the previous year. The Hong Kong Shipping Register operates independently in its maritime policy and administration. The HKSAR Government issues related certificates under its own legislation in the name of ‘Hong Kong, China’. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders As a quality shipping register, Hong Kong adopts all major international conventions promulgated by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). The International Maritime Organization ( IMO) formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization ( IMCO) is a late 20th century As an associate member of the IMO, the Government ensures that ships registered in Hong Kong are maintained to the highest international safety and marine environmental protection standards.

A Flag State Quality Control (FSQC) System was introduced in 1999 to monitor the performance of authorized classification societies and to maintain the quality of ships on the Hong Kong shipping register. Any Hong Kong-registered ship whose quality standard is found to be declining or which is detained by a port state for serious deficiencies will be subject to FSQC inspections by Marine Department surveyors. The department regulates the safety standards of all locally licensed vessels, currently numbering over 10,000. Marine Department surveyors also carry out surveys of new vessels being built abroad for licensing in Hong Kong. Examinations are held regularly for the issuance of both foreign-going and river-trade certificates of competency for masters, deck officers and engineers. Captain is the traditional customary title given to the person in charge in command of a Ship at sea In addition, local certificates of competency are issued to coxswains and engineers of locally licensed vessels, which operate within the waters of Hong Kong. The coxswain (ˈkɒksən is the person in charge of a Boat, particularly its navigation and steering An inspection and advice service is provided to promote safe working practices in ship-repairing, ship-breaking, cargo-handling on ships and safety afloat.

Seafarers

Hong Kong is a centre for employment of seafarers. For Seafarers International Union and affiliates see Seafarers International Union of North America. 1,200 Hong Kong officers and ratings serve on board more than 420 sea-going ships of 12 different maritime nations. A maritime nation is any nation which borders the sea and utilizes it for any of the following Commerce and transport War, to define a territorial boundary The mercantile marine office registers seafarers, regulates their employment on board ships of all flags and supervises the employment and discharge of seafarers on Hong Kong ships and foreign ships not represented in Hong Kong by a consulate office.

References

  1. ^ Daily Collection of Maritime Press Clippings 2005. Retrieved Oct 18, 2007.
  2. ^ Channel News Asia
  3. ^ Hydro.gov.hk Retrieved on Oct 18, 2007.

See also

External links

Hong Kong's highly favorable geographical position and Entrepot trading opportunities are wealth-generating assets Hong Kong has a highly developed and sophisticated Transportation network encompassing both public and private transport
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