Styles of Pope Leo IX
Reference style	His Holiness
Spoken style	Your Holiness
Religious style	Holy Father
Posthumous style	Saint

Pope Saint Leo IX (June 21, 1002 – April 19, 1054), born Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg (German Bruno von Eguisheim-Dagsburg), was Pope from February 12, 1049 to his death. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Damasus II (died August 9, 1048) born Poppo, Pope from July 17, 1048 to August 9, 1048, was Victor II (c 1018&ndash July 28, 1057) born Gebhard Count of Calw, Tollenstein, and Hirschberg ( German Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Eguisheim (Egisheim is a commune in the Haut-Rhin département of Alsace, France. Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the He is regarded as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, with the feast day of April 19. A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Leo IX is widely considered the most historically significant German Pope of the Middle Ages. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as

Biography

Leo IX was a native of Eguisheim, Upper Alsace. Eguisheim (Egisheim is a commune in the Haut-Rhin département of Alsace, France. Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern The family to which he belonged was of noble rank, and his father, Count Hugo, was a relative of Emperor Conrad II (1024–39). Conrad II (c 990&ndash June 4, 1039) was the son of a mid-level nobleman in Franconia, Count Henry of Speyer and Adelaide of Alsace who inherited He was educated at Toul, where he successively became canon and, in 1026, bishop. Toul is a historic fortified town of France, a Sous-préfecture of the A canon (from the Latin canonicus, itself derived from the Greek κανωνικος 'relating to a rule' is a priest who is a member of certain bodies of the The Diocese of Toul was a Roman Catholic Diocese seated at Toul in present-day France In the latter capacity he rendered important political services to his relative Conrad II, and afterwards to Emperor Henry III (1039–56). Henry III ( 29 October 1017 &ndash 5 October 1056) called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty He became widely known as an earnest and reforming ecclesiastic by the zeal he showed in spreading the rule of the order of Cluny. The Abbey of Cluny (or Cluni, or Clugny, pronunciation klyˈni is an abbey in France.

On the death of Pope Damasus II (1048), Bruno was selected as his successor by an assembly at Worms in December 1048. Damasus II (died August 9, 1048) born Poppo, Pope from July 17, 1048 to August 9, 1048, was Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River Both the Emperor and the Roman delegates concurred. However, Bruno apparently favored democracy as a means of Papal election, as he stipulated as a condition of his acceptance that he should first proceed to Rome and be freely elected by the voice of clergy and people. Setting out shortly after Christmas, he met with abbot Hugh of Cluny at Besançon, where he was joined by the young monk Hildebrand, who afterwards became Pope Gregory VII (1073–85); arriving in pilgrim garb at Rome in the following February, he was received with much cordiality, and at his consecration assumed the name of Leo IX. Hugh of Cluny ( May 13 1024 - April 28 1109) was an Abbot of Cluny. Besançon (bəzɑ̃ˈsɔ̃ in French and Arpitan; German: Bisanz) is the capital and principal city of the Franche-Comté Pope

Leo IX favored traditional morality in his reformation of the Catholic Church. One of his first public acts was to hold the well-known Easter synod of 1049, at which celibacy of the clergy (down to the rank of subdeacon) was required anew. Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Subdeacon (or sub-deacon is a title used in various branches of Christianity. Also, the Easter synod was where the Pope at least succeeded in making clear his own convictions against every kind of simony. The greater part of the year that followed was occupied in one of those progresses through Italy, Germany and France which form a marked feature in Leo IX's pontificate. After presiding over a synod at Pavia, he joined Henry III in Saxony, and accompanied him to Cologne and Aachen; to Reims he also summoned a meeting of the higher clergy, by which several important reforming decrees were passed. At Mainz also he held a council, at which the Italian and French as well as the German clergy were represented, and ambassadors of the Greek emperor were present; here too simony and the marriage of the clergy were the principal matters dealt with.

After his return to Rome he held (April 29, 1050) another Easter synod, which was occupied largely with the controversy about the teachings of Berengar of Tours; in the same year he presided over provincial synods at Salerno, Siponto and Vercelli, and in September revisited his native Germany, returning to Rome in time for a third Easter synod, at which the question of the reordination of those who had been ordained by simonists was considered. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Berengar of Tours (c 999&ndash January 6, 1088) was a French 11th century Christian theologian a scholar whose leadership of the cathedral Salerno is a town in southern Italy, capital of the province of the same name in the region of Campania. Siponto ( Latin: Sipontum) was an ancient port town of Apulia in southern Italy. Vercelli ( Varséj in Piedmontese) is a City of about 50000 inhabitants in the Province of Vercelli in Piedmont in northern Reordination is the second Ordination of a cleric whose original ordination is questionable

In 1052 he joined the Emperor at Pressburg, and vainly sought to secure the submission of the Hungarians; and at Regensburg, Bamberg and Worms the papal presence was marked by various ecclesiastical solemnities. ARTICLE TEXT BEGINS AFTER THESE COMMENTS - PLEASE READ 1 Please do not edit the lead without reading Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Regensburg ( also Ratisbon, Ratisbona Řezno originally Castra Regina) is a City (population 131000 in 2007 in Bavaria, Germany Bamberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in Upper Franconia on the river Regnitz, close to its confluence with the river Main Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River

Comemorative shield on the wall of the Castle of Eguisheim, Alsace, birthplace of Pope Leo IX.

After a fourth Easter synod in 1053 Leo IX set out against the Normans in the south with an army of Italians and German volunteers, but his forces suffered total defeat at the Battle of Civitate on June 15, 1053; on going out, however, from the city to meet the victorious enemy he was received with every token of submission, pleas for forgiveness and oaths of fidelity and homage. The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. The Battle of Civitate (also known as Battle of Civitella del Fortore) was fought on 18 June 1053 in Southern Italy between the Normans Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history From June 1053 to March 1054 the Pope was nevertheless detained at Benevento in honourable captivity; he did not long survive his return to Rome, where he died on April 19, 1054. Benevento is a town and Comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the Province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer

Leo IX is most remembered as the Pope who sent the legatine mission, under Humbert of Mourmoutiers, cardinal-bishop of Silva Candida, which authored the bull excommunicating the Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael I Cerularius (1043–59) in response to his actions concerning the church in Southern Italy. Humbert of Mourmoutiers (c1015 &ndash 5 May 1061) was a French prelate Roman Catholic cardinal and Benedictine oblate "Patriarch of Constantinople" redirects here For the institutional church itself see Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Michael I Cerularius (c 1000-1059 also known as Michael Keroularios or Patriarch Michael I, was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 1043 to 1059 Geography Southern Italy forms the lower "boot" of the Italian peninsula containing the ankle (Abruzzo and Molise and southern Lazio the toe (Calabria and the heel This act, combined with the Patriarch's own bull of excommunication against the Humbert and his associates, marks the official split between the Eastern and Western Churches in what is now called the Schism of 1054, the Great Schism, or the East-West Schism. The East-West Schism, or the Great Schism, divided medieval Christendom into Eastern (Greek and Western (Latin branches which later became known as the

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

External links

• Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope St. Leo IX