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For the 15th century antipope, see Antipope John XXIII. Pope John XXIIIPope John (numbering Baldassarre Cossa (c 1370 &ndash November 22 1419 also known as John XXIII, was Pope or Antipope during
John XXIII
Birth name Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli
Papacy began October 28, 1958
Papacy ended June 3, 1963
Predecessor Pius XII
Successor Paul VI
Born September 25, 1881(1881-09-25)
Sotto il Monte, Italy
Died June 3, 1963 (aged 81)
Vatican City
Other popes named John

Blessed Pope John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes PP. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Pope Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Sotto il Monte ( English: "under the Mountain" officially Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII) is a Comune in northern Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory Pope John has been the most common Papal name in the Roman Catholic Church, used by 21 Popes though the numbering of them has been irregular through history Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. XXIII; Italian: Giovanni XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 – June 3, 1963), known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Beatification (from Latin beatus, blessed via Greek μακάριος makarios) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic church History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He called the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) but did not live to see it to completion, dying on June 3, 1963, two months after the completion of his final encyclical, Pacem in Terris. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pacem in Terris was a papal Encyclical issued by Pope John XXIII on 11 April 1963. He was beatified on September 3, 2000, along with Pope Pius IX, the first popes since Pope Innocent XI to receive this honor. Beatification (from Latin beatus, blessed via Greek μακάριος makarios) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic church Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Blessed Pope Pius IX (May 13 1792 &ndash February 7 1878 born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was Pope from June 16 1846 until 1878 Pope Innocent XI ( May 16 1611 &ndash August 12 1689) born Benedetto Odescalchi, was Pope of the Roman Catholic His feast day is October 11 in the Catholic Church, the day that Vatican II’s first session opened. He is also commemorated on June 3 by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and on June 4 by the Anglican Church of Canada. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ( ELCA) is a mainline Protestant denomination headquartered in Chicago Illinois. The Anglican Church of Canada is the sole Canadian representative of the Anglican Communion. In Italy he is remembered with the affectionate appellative of "Il Papa Buono" ("The Good Pope"). Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and

Contents

Life

Angelo Roncalli was born in Sotto il Monte, a small country village in the Province of Bergamo, Italy. Sotto il Monte ( English: "under the Mountain" officially Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII) is a Comune in northern Italy. The Province of Bergamo ( Provincia di Bergamo) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest He was the firstborn son of Giovanni Battista Roncalli and his wife Marianna Giulia Mazzolla, and fourth in a family of 14. [1] His family worked as sharecroppers like the largest part of Sotto il Monte peoples, a striking contrast to his predecessor, Eugenio Pacelli, who came from an ancient aristocratic family, long connected to the Papacy. Sharecropping is a system of agriculture or agricultural production in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land (e Pope Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and

In 1904, Roncalli was ordained a priest in the Catholic Church of Santa Maria in Monte Santo in Rome. In general religious use ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated, that is set apart as Clergy to perform various religious rites and ceremonies A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2

In 1905, Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi, the new bishop of Bergamo, appointed Roncalli as his secretary. Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi ( 12 July 1859 - 22 August 1914, was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bergamo. Roncalli worked for Radini-Tedeschi until the bishop's death in 1914. During this period Roncalli was also a teacher in the diocesan seminary.

During World War I, Roncalli was drafted into the Royal Italian Army as a sergeant, serving in the medical corps as a stretcher-bearer and as a chaplain. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries police forces and other uniformed organizations around the world A chaplain is typically a Priest, Pastor, ordained Deacon, Rabbi, Imam or other member of the Clergy serving a group of

In 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed him as the Italian president of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith. Pope Benedict XV ( Latin: Benedictus PP XV) (Benedetto XV ( November 21 1854 &ndash January 22 1922 born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa The Society for the Propagation of the Faith is an international association for the assistance by Prayers and Alms of Catholic Missionary priests In 1925 Pope Pius XI appointed him as Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria, also naming him for consecration as titular bishop of Areopolis. Pope Pius XI ( Latin: Pius PP XI; Italian: Pio XI; May 31 1857 &ndash February 10 1939) born Nuncio is an ecclesiastical Diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin word Nuntius, meaning "envoy The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service usually religious Main article Bishop (Catholic Church A titular bishop is a bishop of the Catholic Church who is not in charge Areopoli (Greek Αρεόπολη is the second largest town in Mani. He chose as his episcopal motto Obedientia et Pax ("Obedience and Peace"), which became his guiding motto. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group

In 1935 he was made Apostolic Delegate to Turkey and Greece. Nuncio is an ecclesiastical Diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin word Nuntius, meaning "envoy Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Roncalli used this office to help the Jewish underground in saving thousands of refugees in Europe, leading some to consider him to be a Righteous Gentile. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Righteous among the Nations (חסידי אומות העולם Chassidey Umot HaOlam) which may at times refer to the B'nei Noah or Noahides as well is a term used In 1944, during World War II, Pope Pius XII named him Apostolic Nuncio to Paris, France. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Pope Nuncio is an ecclesiastical Diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin word Nuntius, meaning "envoy Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

In 1953, he was named the Patriarch of Venice, and, accordingly, raised to the rank of cardinal by Pope Pius XII. The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Pope As a sign of his esteem, President Vincent Auriol of France claimed the ancient privilege possessed by French monarchs and bestowed the red hat on the now-Cardinal Roncalli at a ceremony in the Elysee Palace. For other meanings see also the disambiguation page Auriol Jules-Vincent Auriol ( 27 August, 1884 1 January, 1966 was a This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A galero (pl galeri; L galerum, pl galera) in the Roman Catholic Church is a large broad-brimmed tasseled hat worn

Election as pope

Pope John XXIII's coronation in 1958. He was crowned wearing the 1877 Palatine Tiara.
Pope John XXIII's coronation in 1958.
He was crowned wearing the 1877 Palatine Tiara. The Palatine Tiara is the most widely used Papal Tiara in the possession of the Vatican

The 1958 papal conclave which elected Roncalli as pope was later surrounded by conspiracy theories claiming that a conservative cardinal, Giuseppe Siri, was the conclave's first choice for pope but was forced amid threats of pogroms against Roman Catholics in the Eastern Bloc to decline the papal tiara. The conclave and its papabili The conclave was held from October 25 to October 28, at the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. A conspiracy theory attributes the ultimate cause of an event or chain of events (usually Political, Social or Historical events or the concealment Giuseppe Cardinal Siri ( May 20, 1906 &mdash May 2, 1989) was an Italian Prelate of the Roman Catholic A pogrom is a form of Riot directed against a particular group whether ethnic religious or other and characterized by destruction of their Homes Businesses During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were The claim is accepted only by some separatist sedevacantist and conclavist groups. Sedevacantism is the position held by a minority of Traditionalist Catholics who claim that the Papal See has been vacant since the death of Pope Pius XII Sedevacantism is the position held by a minority of Traditionalist Catholics who claim that the Papal See has been vacant since the death of Pope Pius XII


Choice of name

Upon his election, Cardinal Roncalli chose John as his regnal name. Pope John has been the most common Papal name in the Roman Catholic Church, used by 21 Popes though the numbering of them has been irregular through history A regnal name, or reign name, is a formal name used by some Popes and Monarchs during their Reigns Since Medieval times monarchs This was the first time in over 500 years that this name had been chosen - previous Popes had avoided using this name as the last man to use this name came to be considered an Antipope following the Western Schism. Pope John XXIIIPope John (numbering Baldassarre Cossa (c 1370 &ndash November 22 1419 also known as John XXIII, was Pope or Antipope during An antipope ( Latin: antipapa) is a person who makes a widely accepted claim to be the lawful Pope, in opposition to the pope recognised by the Roman The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism (also known as the Western Schism) was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417

On the choice of his name Pope John said that

I choose John . . . a name sweet to us because it is the name of our father, dear to me because it is the name of the humble parish church where I was baptised, the solemn name of numberless cathedrals scattered throughout the world, including our own basilica [St. John Lateran]. Twenty-two Johns of indisputable legitimacy have [been Pope], and almost all had a brief pontificate. Pope John has been the most common Papal name in the Roman Catholic Church, used by 21 Popes though the numbering of them has been irregular through history An antipope ( Latin: antipapa) is a person who makes a widely accepted claim to be the lawful Pope, in opposition to the pope recognised by the Roman We have preferred to hide the smallness of our name behind this magnificent succession of Roman Popes. [1]

Numbering

Upon choosing the name, there was some confusion as to whether the new Pope would be known as John XXIII or John XXIV. In response, John declared that he was John XXIII, thus affirming the antipapal status of Antipope John XXIII. Pope John XXIIIPope John (numbering Baldassarre Cossa (c 1370 &ndash November 22 1419 also known as John XXIII, was Pope or Antipope during

Before this Antipope, the most recent Pope called John were John XXII (1316-1334) and John XXI (1276-1277). Pope John (numbering Pope John XXII (1249 &ndash December 4, 1334) born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse) was Pope from 1316 to 1334 Pope John (numbering Pope John XXI (1215 – May 20, 1277) born Pedro Julião ( Latin, Petrus Iulianus) a Portuguese also However, there was no Pope John XX, due to confusion caused by medieval historians misreading the Liber Pontificalis to refer to another Pope John between John XIV and John XV. Pope John (numberingThere has never been a Pope John XX, because the 20th pope of this name formerly Petrus Hispanus, decided to skip the number XX and to be counted as The Liber Pontificalis ( Latin for Book of the Popes) is a book of biographies of Popes from Saint Peter until the 15th century John XIV (died August 20, 984) was Pope from December 983 to August 20 984 successor to Pope Benedict VII (974&ndash983 He was Pope John (numbering John XV (born in Rome) Pope from 985 to 996 succeeding Boniface VII (974 984&ndash985 (said to have been Pope for four months

Papacy

Following the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958, Roncalli was elected Pope, to his great surprise. Pope History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and He had even arrived in the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice. Many had considered that Archbishop Montini, Archbishop of Milan, was a possible candidate, but, although he was Archbishop of one of the most ancient and prominent Sees in Italy, he had not been appointed a cardinal. Pope An episcopal see is the ecclesiastical domain of authority of a Bishop. [2] As a result, he was not present at the 1958 conclave and most of the cardinals abided by the established precedent of voting only for a member of the College of Cardinals, in spite of the affirmation in Canon Law that any Catholic male could be chosen. Canon Law, the Ecclesiastical law of the Catholic Church, is a fully developed legal system with all the necessary elements courts lawyers judges a fully articulated After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who, it was presumed because of his advanced age, would be a short-term or "stop-gap" pope. Pope In John XXIII's first consistory, Montini was raised to the rank of cardinal; and in time he became John's successor, Paul VI. Antiquity Originally the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together' just as the Greek syn(hedrion (of which the Biblical Sanhedrin Pope

Pope John XXIII being carried on the sedia gestatoria for a Solemn Papal High Mass, ca. 1959.
Pope John XXIII being carried on the sedia gestatoria for a Solemn Papal High Mass, ca. The sedia gestatoria is the portable Throne on which Popes were once carried 1959.

John XXIII's personal warmth, good humor and kindness captured the world's affections in a way his predecessor, for all his great learning and personal holiness, had failed to do. While Pius would look slightly away and up from the camera whenever his photograph was taken, John would look directly at the camera and smile. A camera is a device used to capture images either as still Photographs or as sequences of moving images ( Movies or Videos.

On 25 December 1958, he became the first pope to leave Vatican territory since 1870, when he visited children suffering from polio at the Bambin Gesù hospital and then visited Santo Spirito Hospital. The next day he visited Rome's Regina Coeli prison, where he told the prisoners: "You could not come to me, so I came to you. " These acts created a sensation, and he wrote in his diary:

. . . great astonishment in the Roman, Italian and international press. I was hemmed in on all sides: authorities, photographers, prisoners, wardens. . . [3]

Far from being a mere "stop gap" Pope, to great excitement John called an ecumenical council fewer than ninety years after the Vatican Council. This is a general introduction to ecumenical councils For the Roman Catholic councils, see Catholic Ecumenical Councils. The First Vatican Council was summoned by Pope Pius IX by the bull Pastor Aeternus of June 29, 1868. Cardinal Montini remarked to a friend that "this holy old boy doesn't realize what a hornet's nest he's stirring up". Pope [4] From the Second Vatican Council came changes that reshaped the face of Catholicism: a comprehensively revised liturgy, a stronger emphasis on ecumenism, and a new approach to the world. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. This article is about the post-Vatican-II changes to the Mass for an explanation of the current structure of the Mass see Mass (Catholic Church. Ecumenism (also oecumenism, œcumenism) refers to initiatives aimed at greater Religious unity or cooperation

Pope John and papal ceremonial

Main article: Papal coronation
John XXIII's Coat of Arms.
John XXIII's Coat of Arms. The Papal Coronation is the ceremony in which a new Pope is crowned as earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church, sovereign of Vatican City

Pope John XXIII was the last pope to use full papal ceremony, much of which was abolished subsequently after Vatican II. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. His papal coronation ran for the traditional five hours (Pope Paul VI, by contrast, opted for a shorter ceremony, while later popes declined to be crowned). The Papal Coronation is the ceremony in which a new Pope is crowned as earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church, sovereign of Vatican City Pope However, as with his predecessor Pope Pius XII, he chose to have the coronation itself take place on the balcony of St. Pope Peter's Basilica, in view of the crowds assembled in St. Peter's Square.

John XXIII wore a number of tiaras from the papal collection. On formal occasions, such as giving the Urbi et Orbi blessing, he wore the traditional 1877 Palatine tiara he had been crowned with. Urbi et Orbi, literally "to the City Rome and to the World," was a standard opening of However, on other occasions he wore the lighter and more comfortable 1922 tiara of Pope Pius XI, which he used so often that it became strongly associated with him.

As with most other popes in the last two decades up to that point, he was given an expensive silver papal tiara by the people of Bergamo. The Tiara of Pope John XXIII, the lightest in the papal collection at 2 lb (900 g), was given to him eventually in 1959. The Tiara of Pope John XXIII was the personal Papal Tiara ( triregnum in Latin, triregno in Italian) presented by the region of The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. When asked about the tiara during its manufacture, John asked that the makers halve the number of jewels with which they planned to decorate it and give the financial saving to the poor. A gemstone or gem, also called a precious or semi-precious stone, is a piece of attractive Mineral, which &mdash when cut and polished &mdash

Traditional Pontifical High Masses and most papal ceremonial aspects—including use of the flabelli (ceremonial fans made of ostrich feathers) and the Palatine Guard—and the saluting of the pope on his arrival at Mass in St. The Palatine Guard ( Italian: Guardia Palatina d'Onore) was a military unit of the Vatican. Peter's Basilica by the playing of trumpets were abolished by Pope Paul VI in stages during his reign. Pope None of the tiaras associated with Pope John have been worn by later popes.

While maintaining the traditional papal ceremonial, Pope John continued his predecessors' policy of a gradual reform to the traditional Roman liturgy, publishing changes that had accrued since 1920 in the 1962 Missal, before the major reform of the liturgy after Vatican II. The Tridentine Mass (Missa Tridentina is the form of the Roman Rite Mass contained in the typical editions of the Roman Missal that were published This article is about the post-Vatican-II changes to the Mass for an explanation of the current structure of the Mass see Mass (Catholic Church. The 1962 Missal published by Pope John XXIII was the last typical edition of the Tridentine rite, which has now come to be formally recognized by Pope Benedict XVI as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite. The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger [5]

Pope John was also the last pope to date to have his Requiem Mass celebrated within St. Peter's Basilica, amid traditional papal pomp. His successor, Pope Paul VI, abolished the traditional papal funeral and had his funeral as a simple concelebrated Mass in St. Peter's Square.

Final months and Death

On September 23, 1962, Pope John XXIII was first diagnosed with stomach cancer. The diagnosis, which was kept from the public, followed nearly eight months of occasional stomach hemorrhages, and reduced the pontiff's appearances. Looking pale and drawn during these events, he gave a hint to his ultimate fate in April 1963, when he said to visitors, "That which happens to all men perhaps will happen soon to the Pope who speaks to you today. "

On May 11, 1963, the Italian president Antonio Segni awarded Pope John XXIII the Balzan Prize for his engagement for peace. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Antonio Segni ( February 2, 1891 &ndash December 1, 1972) was an Italian politician who was President of the Italian Republic The International Balzan Prize Foundation awards four annual monetary prizes to people or organisations who have made outstanding achievements in the fields of humanities natural It was the Pope's last public appearance.

On May 25, 1963, the Pope suffered another hemorrhage and required blood transfusions, but peritonitis soon set in. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Peritonitis is defined as Inflammation of the Peritoneum (the Serous membrane which lines part of the abdominal cavity and some of the Viscera On May 31 it had become clear that the cancer had overcome the resistance of Pope John XXIII. At 11 A. M. Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope, ready to anoint him. Petrus Canisius J van Lierde, OSA born April 22 1907 † March 12 1995 served forty years from 1951 to 1991 as Vicar General of the Vatican State and was The Pope begins to speak for a very last time: “I had the great grace to be born into a Christian family, modest and poor, but with the fear of the Lord. …My time on earth is drawing to a close. But Christ lives on and continues his work in the Church. Souls, souls, Ut omnes unum sint, [6] Van Lierde then anoints his eyes, ears, mouth, hands and feet. Overcome by emotion, he forgets the right order of anointing. Pope John gently helps him. Then the Pope bids him and all the other bystanders a last farewell. [7] The Pope died 7:49 p. m. (local time) on June 3 at the age of 81. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering He was buried on June 6, ending a reign of four years, seven months and six days.

On December 6, 1963, the US president Lyndon B. Johnson posthumously awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award, in recognition of the good relationship between Pope John and the United States. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is a decoration bestowed by the President of the United States and is along with the equivalent Congressional Gold Medal bestowed The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Criticism

Sedevacantist and Conclavist groups have been some of Pope John's most outspoken critics. Sedevacantism is the position held by a minority of Traditionalist Catholics who claim that the Papal See has been vacant since the death of Pope Pius XII Sedevacantism is the position held by a minority of Traditionalist Catholics who claim that the Papal See has been vacant since the death of Pope Pius XII Some groups have even made unsubstantiated claims that John was a Freemason, and as such, allegedly could not be a valid Pope since Catholics are prohibited from joining Freemasonry. On that basis one group, the U. S. Washington State-based true Catholic Church elected its only priest as "pope" in 1998, claiming that there had been no valid pope since Pope Pius XII died in 1958. Fr Lucian Pulvermacher (born Earl Pulvermacher on April 20, 1918) is a traditionalist Roman Catholic priest

Some also make the claim that John's choice of regnal name marked him as an antipope, as the name John had lain unused since Antipope John XXIII used it in the 15th century (other Popes have similarly used names taken by anti-popes, for example Benedict XIV). A regnal name, or reign name, is a formal name used by some Popes and Monarchs during their Reigns Since Medieval times monarchs Pope John XXIIIPope John (numbering Baldassarre Cossa (c 1370 &ndash November 22 1419 also known as John XXIII, was Pope or Antipope during Pope Benedict XIV ( March 31, 1675 &ndash May 3, 1758) born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from August 17

Many who subscribe to the teachings of Our Lady of Fatima also believe that Pope John deliberately withheld secret prophetic information revealed by an apparition of the Virgin Mary. Our Lady of Fátima (ˈfatimɐ is the title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary by those who believe that she appeared to three shepherd children at Fátima A Marian apparition is an event in which the Virgin Mary is believed to have Supernaturally appeared to one or more persons regardless of their religious faith [8] This is perhaps the basis for internet reports in the late 1990s about the supposed discovery of Pope John's diary where he received prophetic insight into the future, including the return of Jesus in New York in 2000. [9]

Although Pope John did have a diary, there is no evidence in it to suggest that he received apocalyptic visions of the future. [10]

Legacy

The preserved body of John XXIII
The preserved body of John XXIII

Known affectionately as "Good Pope John" and "the most loved Pope in history" to many people, on September 3, 2000 John was declared "Blessed" by Pope John Paul II, the penultimate step on the road to sainthood. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Pope A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity Following his beatification, his body was moved from its original burial place in the grottoes below St Peter's Basilica to the Altar of St. Jerome and displayed for the veneration of the faithful. Beatification (from Latin beatus, blessed via Greek μακάριος makarios) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic church The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St Jerome (c 347 – September 30, 420) ( Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος In Christianity, veneration ( Latin veneratio, Greek &delta&omicron&upsilon&lambda&iota&alpha dulia) or veneration of saints

At the time, the body was observed to be extremely well-preserved—a condition which the Church ascribes to the lack of air flow in his sealed triple coffin rather than to any miraculous event (although it was certainly seen as such by many of the faithful). A coffin (also known as a casket in North American English) is a funerary Box used in the display and containment of deceased remains – either for A miracle is an event believed to be caused by interposition of Divine intervention by a Supernatural being in the Universe by which the ordinary operation When John was moved, the original vault — which was above the floor — was removed. A new vault was built beneath the ground, and Pope John Paul II was later buried in this vault. Pope

He is honored by many Protestant organizations as a Christian reformer. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Both Anglican and Lutheran denominations commemorate John XXIII as a "renewer of the church. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Denominationalism|List of Christian denominations|Church (disambiguation A Christian denomination is an identifiable religious body under a common name structure and doctrine within "

From his early teens, he maintained a diary of spiritual reflections that was subsequently published as Journal of a Soul. The collection of writings charts Roncalli's efforts as a young man to "grow in holiness" and continue after his election to the Papacy. It remains widely read.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Pope John XXIII
  2. ^ Pope Paul VI : 1963 – 1978, Retrieved 28 February 2006. The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to The Eastern Orthodox Church: the Eastern Christian churches of Byzantine This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See The Byzantine Discalced Carmelites are a community of Cloistered nuns of the Byzantine Ruthenian Catholic Church living committed to a life of prayer according to Desert Fathers were Christian Hermits, Ascetics and Monks who lived mainly in the Scetes desert of Egypt, beginning around This is a partial list of some of the most prominent Righteous Among the Nations per country of origin recognized by Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Pope John XXIII issued eight Papal Encyclicals during his five-year reign as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, from his election on October 28 Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule
  3. ^ Hebblethwaite, Peter (1987). Pope John XXIII: Shepherd of the Modern World. Image Books, p. 303.  
  4. ^ George Weigel, "Thinking Through Vatican II", First Things, June/July, 2001.
  5. ^ English translation of the motu proprio, with the Pope's covering letter,English text of the letter (Vatican website)
  6. ^ (that all may be one).
  7. ^ Peter Hebblethwaite, John XXIII, Pope of the Council, Revised edition, Harper Collins, Glasgow,1994 502
  8. ^ The Catholic COUNTER-REFORMATION IN THE XXth CENTURY
  9. ^ Pope John XXIII Predictions
  10. ^ ALMOST A SAINT: POPE JOHN XXIII

References

External links

Video on YouTube — Italian Documentaries (English Subtitled)
Roman Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Carlo Agostini		 Patriarch of Venice
1953 – 1958		 Succeeded by
Giovanni Cardinal Urbani
Preceded by
Pius XII		 Pope
1958 – 1963		 Succeeded by
Paul VI
Persondata
NAME John XXIII, Pope
ALTERNATIVE NAMES John XXIII; Ioannes PP. Carlo Agostini ( April 22, 1888 &mdash December 28, 1952) was an Italian Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. Giovanni Cardinal Urbani ( March 26, 1900 — September 17, 1969) was an Italian Prelate of the Roman Catholic Pope History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Pope XXIII (Latin); Juan XXIII (Spanish); Giovanni XXIII (Italian); Roncalli, Angelo Giuseppe
SHORT DESCRIPTION Pope
DATE OF BIRTH November 25, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Sotto il Monte, Italy
DATE OF DEATH June 3, 1963
PLACE OF DEATH Apostolic Palace, Vatican City

Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Sotto il Monte ( English: "under the Mountain" officially Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII) is a Comune in northern Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory
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