| Gregory XV | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Birth name | Alessandro Ludovisi |
| Papacy began | February 9, 1621 |
| Papacy ended | July 8, 1623 |
| Predecessor | Paul V |
| Successor | Urban VIII |
| Born | January 9 or 15, 1554 Bologna, Italy |
| Died | July 8, 1623 Rome, Italy |
| Other popes named Gregory | |
Pope Gregory XV (January 9, 1554 – July 8, 1623), born Alessandro Ludovisi, was pope from 1621, succeeding Paul V on February 9, 1621. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 For Napoleon's brother-in-law see Camillo Filippo Ludovico Borghese. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
Biography
He was born in Bologna to Count Pompeo Ludovisi and Camilla Bianchini, one of seven surviving siblings. Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy
Educated at the Collegio Romano of the Jesuits in Rome, he went to the University of Bologna to get a degree in both canon and Roman law, June 1575. Pontifical Gregorian University (Pontificia Università Gregoriana (also known as the Gregorianum) is a Pontifical university located in Rome, Italy The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order The University of Bologna (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna UNIBO) is one of the oldest continually operating degree-granting universities in the world Canon law is internal ecclesiastical law governing the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches and the Anglican Communion of churches Roman law is the legal system of Ancient Rome. As used in the West the term commonly refers to legal developments prior to the Roman/Byzantine state's adopting There is no sign that he ever took orders: his early career was as a papal jurist in Rome. In 1612 Paul V appointed him Archbishop of Bologna and sent him in August 1616 as nuncio to the Duchy of Savoy, to mediate between Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Philip III of Spain in their dispute concerning the Gonzaga Marquisate of Montferrat[1]. For Napoleon's brother-in-law see Camillo Filippo Ludovico Borghese. For the early history of Savoy, before it was raised to a duchy see County of Savoy and March of Turin. Charles Emmanuel I ( Italian: Carlo Emanuele I di Savoia, January 12 1562 &ndash July 26 1630) surnamed the Great after he farted he ate chicken and farted some more Philip III (Felipe III April 14, 1578 &ndash March 31, 1621) was the King The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708. The March (also margraviate or marquisate) of Montferrat was frontier march of the Kingdom of Italy during the Middle Ages In September 1616 Paul created him Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Traspontina. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Santa Maria in Transpontina is a Carmelite church on the Via della Conciliazione in Rome. Henceforth Cardinal Ludovisi remained at his see in Bologna until he went to Rome after the death of Pope Paul V to take part in the conclave in which he was chosen. A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope (or Bishop of Rome) who is considered by Catholics to be the Successor
At the moment of his election, chiefly through the influence of Cardinal Borghese, at his advanced age (he was 67) and with his weak state of health he saw at once that he would need an energetic man, in whom he could place implicit confidence, to assist him in the government of the Church. His nephew Ludovico Ludovisi, a young man of 25 years, seemed to him to be the right person and, at the risk of being charged with nepotism, he created him cardinal on the third day of his pontificate. Ludovico Cardinal Ludovisi (October 22 or 27 1595 &ndash November 18, 1632) was an Italian cardinal and statesman of the Roman Catholic On the same day, Orazio, a brother of the pope, was put at the head of the pontifical army. The future revealed that Gregory XV was not disappointed in his nephew. The Catholic Encyclopedia allows that "Ludovico, it is true, advanced the interests of his family in every possible way, but he also used his brilliant talents and his great influence for the welfare of the Church, and was sincerely devoted to the pope. " Gregory secured for the Ludovisi two dukedoms, one for his youngest brother Orazio, made a Nobile Romano and duca di Fiano, 1621, and the other, the duchy of Zagarolo, purchased from the Colonna by his nephew Ludovico Ludovisi in 1622. Zagarolo is a town and comune in the Province of Rome, in the region of Lazio of central Italy. The Colonna family was a powerful noble family in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one Pope and many other leaders Ludovico Cardinal Ludovisi (October 22 or 27 1595 &ndash November 18, 1632) was an Italian cardinal and statesman of the Roman Catholic A second nephew, Niccolò, was made reigning Prince of Piombino and Lord of the Isola d'Elba in 1634, having married the heiress, 30 March 1632. Niccolò I Ludovisi ( 1613 - December 25 1664) was Prince of Piombino from 1634 until his death The Principality of Piombino was a state of Italy, which existed (initially as independent lordship from 1399 to 1805, when Napoleon absorbed Elba (Ilva is an island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino. Through well-arranged political marriages for Niccolò's offspring, further titles were allied to the Ludovisi clan.
Beyond assisting Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and the Catholic League against the Protestants, to the tune of a million gold ducats, and Sigismund III Vasa against the Turks, he interfered little in European politics. Ferdinand II Holy Roman Emperor ( July 9, 1578 &ndash February 15, 1637) of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Ferdinand II Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza ( 20 June 1566 The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish His Constitution against magicians and witches (Omnipotentis Dei, 20 March, 1623) was the last papal ordinance against witchcraft. Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers Former punishments were lessened, and the death penalty was limited to those who were "proved to have entered into a compact with the devil, and to have committed homicide with his assistance" (CE). A deal with the Devil, pact with the Devil, or Faustian bargain is a cultural motif widespread wherever the Devil is vividly present most familiar He was a learned divine and manifested a reforming spirit; his bull of November 15, 1621, Aeterni Patris regulated papal elections which were to be secret and in writing; three methods of election were allowed: by scrutiny, compromise and quasi-inspiration. Acclamation was formerly one of the methods of Papal election. On 6 January 1622, he established the Congregatio de propaganda fide the missionary arm of the Roman Curia. The Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples ( Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelisatione) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for His pontificate was marked by the canonization of Teresa of Avila, Francis Xavier, Ignatius Loyola, Philip Neri, and Isidore the Farmer. Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a Saint and is included in the canon or list of recognized saints For other saints with similar names please see Saint Teresa. Saint Teresa of Ávila, known in religion as Saint Teresa of Jesus and Saint Francis Xavier ( Konkani / Konknni: Sam Fransisku Xavier/ Sanv Fransisk Xavier Basque: San Frantzisko Xabierkoa Spanish: San Francisco Saint Ignatius redirects here for other Saints see Ignatius. Ignatius of Loyola, also known as Íñigo Oñaz López de Loyola St Philip Romolo Neri (Italian Filippo de Neri; also known as Apostle of Rome; July 22, 1515 – May 25, 1595 "San Isidro Labrador" redirects here For the city in El Salvador see San Isidro Labrador Chalatenango. He also beatified Aloysius Gonzaga and Peter of Alcantara. Saint Aloysius Gonzaga ( Italian: Luigi Gonzaga, Portuguese and Spanish: Luís de Gonzaga, March 9, 1568 &ndash Saint Peter of Alcantara ( Spanish: San Pedro de Alcántara) (1499— October 18, 1562) was a Spanish Franciscan. He was influential in bringing the Bolognese artist Guercino to Rome, a landmark in the development of the High Baroque style. Giovanni Francesco Barbieri ( February 8, 1591 — December 9, 1666) best known as Guercino or Il Guercino, was an Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc He sat for his portrait bust both to Gian Lorenzo Bernini and to Alessandro Algardi, whose restrained bust in a tondo is in the church of Santa Maria in Vallicella. "Bernini" redirects here For people named Bernini see Bernini (surname. Alessandro Algardi (July 31 1598 &ndash June 10 1654 was an Italian high- Baroque sculptor active almost exclusively in Rome, where for the latter Santa Maria in Vallicella, also called Chiesa Nuova, is a church in Rome, facing the alley of Corso Vittorio
Gregory XV died in the Quirinal Palace on July 8, 1623, and was buried in the church of Sant'Ignazio. The Quirinal Palace (known in Italian as the Palazzo del Quirinale or simply the Quirinale) is the Official residence of the President Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Sant'Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio a Baroque church in Rome, was built between 1626 and 1650 and dedicated to Ignatius of Loyola, the He was succeeded by Urban VIII. Pope
Notes
- ^ The dispute eventually led to the War of the Mantuan Succession, 1628–31. The War of the Mantuan Succession ( 1628 - 1631) was a peripheral part of the Thirty Years' War.
References
- Catholic Encyclopedia: "Pope Gregory XV"
- Some revised text from the ninth edition (1880) of the Encyclopædia Britannica. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc
- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Alessandro Ludovisi
- Genealogy of the Ludovisi: Alessandro Ludovisi, no. F3
| Roman Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Paul V |
Pope 1621–23 |
Succeeded by Urban VIII |
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