| Damasus I | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Birth name | Damasus |
| Papacy began | 366 |
| Papacy ended | 384 |
| Predecessor | Liberius |
| Successor | Siricius |
| Born | ca. Events By Place Roman Empire January 2 — The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers invading the Roman Events By Place Roman Empire The Forum of Theodosius I is built in Constantinople. Pope Pope 305 Idanha-a-Nova, Lusitania, Hispania (now Portugal) or Gallaecia, (now Portugal) |
| Died | December 11, 384 Rome, Italy |
| Other popes named Damasus | |
Pope Saint Damasus I was pope from 366 to 384. Events By Place Roman Empire May 1 — Diocletian and Maximian, Emperors of Rome retire from office Idanha-a-Nova ( pron. i'dɐɲɐ ɐ 'nɔvɐ quickly pron /i'dɐɲa 'nɔvɐ/ is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 1416 This article concerns the Roman province For the ship see RMS Lusitania. Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Gallaecia or Callaecia was the name of a Roman province that comprised Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Events By Place Roman Empire The Forum of Theodosius I is built in Constantinople. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Events By Place Roman Empire January 2 — The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers invading the Roman Events By Place Roman Empire The Forum of Theodosius I is built in Constantinople.
Probably born near the city of Idanha-a-Velha (in Lusitania, Hispania), in what is present-day Portugal, or near the city of Guimarães (in Gallaecia (now Northern Portugal and part of Galiza), Hispania), under the Western Roman Empire, his life coincided with the rise of Constantine I and the reunion and redivision of the Western and Eastern Roman Empire as well as what is sometimes known as the Constantinian shift associated with the widespread legitimization of Christianity and the later adoption of Christianity as the religion of the Roman state. Idanha-a-Velha is a parish ( Freguesia) in the east of Portugal, in the municipality of Idanha-a-Nova, and in the This article concerns the Roman province For the ship see RMS Lusitania. Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Guimarães (gimɐˈɾɐ̃j̃ʃ is a city and municipality in northwestern Portugal in the province of Minho and in the district of Braga Gallaecia or Callaecia was the name of a Roman province that comprised Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Constantinian shift is a term used by Anabaptist and Post-Christendom theologians to describe the political and theological aspects of the 4th century Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings
Damasus I is known to have been raised in the service of the church of the martyr St. Laurence (Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls) in Rome, and following the death of Pope Liberius, he succeeded to the Papacy amidst factional violence. The Basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le Mura &mdash also known in the English language as Saint Lawrence outside the Walls &mdash is one of the most important Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 A group of Damasus' supporters, previously loyal to the Antipope Felix II, attacked and killed rivals loyal to Liberius' deacon Ursinus, in a riot that required the intervention of Emperor Valentinian I to quell. Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence Deacon is a role in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind but which varies among theological and denominational traditions Ursicinus also known as Ursinus, was elected pope in a violently contested election in 366 as a rival to Pope Damasus I. Riots are a form of Civil disorders characterized by disorganized groups lashing out in a sudden and intense rash of Violence, Vandalism or other The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, ( 321 - November 17, 375) was Roman Emperor from 364 until his death
Damasus faced accusations of murder and adultery in his early years as pope. The neutrality of these claims have come into question with some suggesting that the accusations were motivated by the schismatic conflict with the supporters of Arianism. Arianism is the theological teaching of Arius (c AD 250-336 who was ruled a heretic by the Christian church at the Council of Nicea. His personal problems were contrasted with his religious accomplishments, which included restoring the basilica, appointing St. Jerome as his personal secretary, creating (through Jerome) a standard Latin translation of the Bible, known as the Vulgate--replacing the existing Vetus Latina, and translated from the original Hebrew instead of the Greek Septuagint--and presiding over the Council of Rome in 382, at which, according to Roman Catholic tradition and the 6th century document Decretum Gelasianum, the modern Catholic canon of scripture was first set down. The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman Jerome (c 347 – September 30, 420) ( Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The Vulgate is an early Fifth Century version of the Bible in Latin, and largely the result of the labours of Jerome, who was commissioned by Vetus Latina is a collective name given to the Biblical texts in Latin that were translated before St Jerome 's Vulgate The Septuagint (ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt or simply " LXX " is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the The Council of Rome was a meeting of Western church officials and theologians which took place in 382 under the authority of Pope Damasus I. Events By Place Roman Empire October 3 — Theodosius I commands his general Saturninus to conclude a peace treaty with the The so-called Decretum Gelasianum or Gelasian Decree was traditionally attributed to the prolific Pope Gelasius I, bishop of Rome 492&ndash496 A Biblical canon or canon of scripture is a list or Set of Biblical books considered to be authoritative as Scripture by a particular religious
Early life
Damasus' parents were Antonius, a priest at the Church of San Lorenzo in Rome, and Laurentia. During Damasus' early years, Constantine I rose to rule first the Western Roman Empire, presiding over the Edict of Milan (313) and winning religious freedom for Christians in all parts of the Roman Empire. The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern The Edict of Milan was a letter signed by emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed Religious toleration in the Roman Empire. Events By Place Roman Empire February — Conference at Milan Constantine issues the Edict of Milan, ending all persecution A crisis precipitated by the rejection of religious freedom by Licinius, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, in favor of paganism resulted in a civil war (324) that placed Constantine firmly in control of a reunited Empire, and led to the establishment of Christian religious supremacy in Constantinople, called Nova Roma as well as Rome, bringing new challenges to the authority of the Roman Church. For other Romans of this name see Licinius (gens. Valerius Licinianus Licinius (c Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world Events By Place Roman Empire July 3 — Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, forcing him Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Damasus would have been in his twenties at the time.
Rise in the Church
When Pope Liberius was banished by Emperor Constantius II to Berea, in 354, Damasus was arch-deacon of the Roman church and followed Liberius into exile, though he immediately returned to Rome. Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II ( 7 August, 317 - November 3, 361) was a Roman Emperor Events By Place Roman Empire Constantius Gallus, Caesar of the East is deposed and executed on orders of Constantius II Deacon is a role in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind but which varies among theological and denominational traditions During the period before Liberius' return, Damasus had a great share in the government of the church. [1]
The Succession Crisis
In the early Church, new Bishops of Rome were elected or chosen by the clergy and the people of the diocese in the presence of the other bishops in the province, which was the manner customarily used in other dioceses. Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given Religion. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. While this simple method worked well in a small community of Christians unified by persecution, as the congregation grew in size, the acclamation of a new bishop was fraught with division, and rival claimants and a certain class hostility between patrician and plebeian candidates unsettled some episcopal elections. The term " patrician " originally referred to a group of elite families in Ancient Rome, including both their natural and Plebs were the general body of landowners of Roman Citizens in Ancient Rome. At the same time, 4th century emperors expected to confirm each new pope. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century
On the death of Liberius, September 24, 366, one faction supported Ursinus who had served as deacon to Liberius, while the other faction, previously loyal to the Antipope Felix II, supported Damasus. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Events By Place Roman Empire January 2 — The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers invading the Roman Ursicinus also known as Ursinus, was elected pope in a violently contested election in 366 as a rival to Pope Damasus I. Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence The upper-class partisans of Felix supported the election of Damasus, but the opposing supporters of Liberius, the deacons and laity, supported Ursinus; the two were elected simultaneously (Damasus' election was held in San Lorenzo in Lucina), in an atmosphere of rioting. Deacon is a role in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind but which varies among theological and denominational traditions In religious organizations the laity comprises all persons who are not Clergy. San Lorenzo in Lucina is a basilica of Rome, dating back to the 4th century and dedicated to Saint Lawrence, Roman Deacon and Martyr Supporters already clashed at the beginning of October. Such was the violence and bloodshed that the two prefects (praefecti) of the city were called in to restore order, and after a first setback, when they were driven to the suburbs and a massacre of 137 was perpetrated in the basilica of Sicininus (as cited in Ammianus Marcellinus), the prefects banished Ursinus to Gaul. Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: "make in front" i Amiricanus Gambilinus (325/330-after 391 was a fourth-century Roman historian. Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western There was further violence when he returned, which continued after Ursinus was exiled again.
Church historians, such as St. Jerome and Rufinus, championed Damasus. Jerome (c 347 – September 30, 420) ( Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος Rufinus may refer to Rufinus of Assisi, 3rd century saint and martyr Rufinus (French saint (d At a synod in 378 Ursinus was condemned and Damasus exonerated and declared the true pope. A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church convened to decide an issue of doctrine administration or application Events By Place Roman Empire Mid- February - The Lentienses cross the frozen Rhine invading the Roman Empire. The former antipope continued to intrigue against Damasus for the next few years, and unsuccessfully attempted to revive his claim on Damasus's death. Ursicinus was among the Arian party in Milan, according to Ambrose (Epistle iv). Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Saint Ambrose (c 338 &ndash 4 April 397) was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the fourth century
This dissension climaxed with a riot which led to a three-day massacre and to the rare intervention of Emperor Valentinian I to uphold public order. Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, ( 321 - November 17, 375) was Roman Emperor from 364 until his death Damasus prevailed, but only with the support of the city prefect. Once he was securely consecrated bishop of Rome, his men attacked Ursinus and his remaining supporters who were seeking refuge in the Liberian basilica, resulting in a massacre of one hundred and thirty seven supporters of Ursinus. Damasus was also accused of murder before a later prefect, but his rich friends secured the personal intervention of the emperor to rescue him from this humiliation. The reputations of both Damasus and the Roman church in general suffered greatly due to these two unseemly incidents.
Association with Jerome, defense of the Church against schism
Damasus I was active in defending the Roman Church against the threat of schisms. The word schism (ˈsɪzəm or /ˈskɪzəm/ from the Greek σχίσμα skhísma (from σχίζω skhízō, "to tear to split" In two Roman synods (368 and 369) he condemned Apollinarianism and Macedonianism, and sent legates to the First Council of Constantinople that was convoked in 381 to address these heresies. This article is about the Byzantine Greek Christian sect of the 4th century AD The Second Ecumenical Council the first held in Constantinople was called by Theodosius I in 381 which confirmed the Nicene Creed and dealt with other matters such Events By Place Roman Empire A deputation from the Roman Senate delivers to Gratianus the robe of the Pontifex Maximus Heresy, as a blanket term describes a practice or belief that is labeled as unorthodox
Damasus appointed Church historian Jerome, whom he appointed his confidential secretary. De viris illustribus (On Illustrious Men is a collection of short Biographies of 135 authors written in Latin, by the 4th century Latin Church Father Jerome (c 347 – September 30, 420) ( Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος In Jerome's letter of 409 (letter cxx. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Constantine III 's general Gerontius revolts in Hispania, and elevates 10 [2]), he remarks, "A great many years ago when I was helping Damasus, bishop of Rome with his ecclesiastical correspondence, and writing his answers to the questions referred to him by the councils of the east and west [if "east and west" do not betray the passage as an interpolation] Jerome spent three years (382-385) in Rome in close intercourse with Pope Damasus and the leading Christians. Events By Place Roman Empire October 3 — Theodosius I commands his general Saturninus to conclude a peace treaty with the Events By Place Asia Jinsa of Baekje becomes king of the ancient Korean kingdom of Baekje. Invited there originally to a synod of 382 convened to end the schism of Antioch, he made himself indispensable to the pope, and took a prominent place in his councils. A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church convened to decide an issue of doctrine administration or application The word schism (ˈsɪzəm or /ˈskɪzəm/ from the Greek σχίσμα skhísma (from σχίζω skhízō, "to tear to split" Antioch on the Orontes (Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη Antiochia ad Orontem also
Damasus encouraged the highly respected scholar to revise the available Old Latin versions of the Bible into a more accurate Latin on the basis of the Greek New Testament and the Septuagint, in order to put an end to the marked divergences in the western texts of that period, resulting in the Vulgate. Old Latin (also called Early Latin or Archaic Latin) refers to the Latin language in the period before the age of Classical Latin; that is all Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Septuagint (ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt or simply " LXX " is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the The Vulgate is an early Fifth Century version of the Bible in Latin, and largely the result of the labours of Jerome, who was commissioned by Jerome devotes a very brief notice to Damasus in De viris illustribus, written after Damasus' death: "he had a fine talent for making verses and published many brief works in heroic metre. He died in the reign of the emperor Theodosius at the age of almost eighty" (ch. Flavius Theodosius (January 11 347 – January 17 395 also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great ( Greek: Θεοδόσιος Α΄ 103).
St. Damasus sat in the Chair of St. Peter eighteen years and two months. His feast day is December 11. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office
Associates Roman glory with Christianity
Damasus also contributed greatly to the liturgical and aesthetic enrichment of the city churches. A liturgy is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group according to their particular traditions He employed a calligrapher, one Dionysius Philocalus, to adorn the shrines of martyrs and Roman bishops with epigrams.
These ceremonial embellishments and the emphasis on the Roman legacy of Peter and Paul amounted to a general claim to the Roman upper classes that the real glory of Rome was Christian and not pagan. Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and All this made it more socially acceptable for the upper classes to convert to Christianity. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Often, the women of the family were the first to abandon pagan ways, while the men tended to hold on to them longer, being generally more conservative in their idealised views on the greatness of the Empire.
Emperor Gratian
The reign of Gratian, during Damasus' papacy, forms an important epoch in ecclesiastical history, since during that period (359-383), Orthodox Christianity, for the first time became dominant throughout the empire. For other figures with this name see Gratian (disambiguation. Events By Place Roman Empire Battle of Amida: Shapur II of Persia conquers Amida from the Romans. Events By Place The British Isles Niall of the Nine Hostages becomes the first High King of Ireland Roman Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Under the influence of Ambrosius, Gratian prohibited pagan worship at Rome; refused to wear the insignia of the pontifex maximus as unbefitting a Christian; removed the Altar of Victory from the Senate at Rome, despite protests of the pagan members of the Senate, and confiscated its revenues; forbade legacies of real property to the Vestals; and abolished other privileges belonging to them and to the pontiffs. Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the Ancient Roman College of Pontiffs. The Altar of Victory was located in the Roman Senate House (the Curia) bearing a gold statue of the goddess Victory. The Roman Senate was a political institution in Ancient Rome. In Ancient Rome, the Vestal Virgins ( sacerdos Vestalis) were the virgin Holy female Priests of Vesta, the Goddess of the
Relations with other churches
The Eastern Church, in the person of St. Basil of Cæsarea, besought earnestly the aid and encouragement of Damasus against triumphant Arianism; Damasus I, however, cherished some degree of suspicion against the great Cappadocian Doctor. Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (c 330 – January 1, 379) (Άγιος Βασίλειος ο Μέγας Latin In the matter of the Meletian Schism at Antioch, Damasus, with St. Athanasius and Peter II of Alexandria, sympathized with the party of Paulinus as more sincerely representative of Nicene orthodoxy; on the death of Meletius he sought to secure the succession for Paulinus and to exclude Flavian (Socrates, Hist. Pope Peter II of Alexandria served as Pope of Alexandria between 373 and 380. Flavian may refer to Any member of the Flavian dynasty of three Roman rulers of the late 1st-century CE Religious leaders Eccl. , V, xv). He sustained the appeal of the Christian senators to Emperor Gratian for the removal of the altar of Victory from the Senate House (Ambrose, Ep. For other figures with this name see Gratian (disambiguation. xvii, n. 10), and lived to welcome the famous edict of Theodosius I, "De fide Catholica" (27 Feb. Flavius Theodosius (January 11 347 – January 17 395 also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great ( Greek: Θεοδόσιος Α΄ , 380), which proclaimed as the religion of the Roman State that doctrine which St. Peter had preached to the Romans and of which Damasus was supreme head (Cod. Peter is a popular male Given name. It comes from the Greek word πετρος (petros meaning "rock" Theod. , XVI, 1, 2). [1]
During his papacy Peter II was obliged for a while to seek refuge to Rome from the persecuting Arians , he was received by Pope Damasus I; who sympathised with him and gave him support against the Arians. Pope Peter II of Alexandria served as Pope of Alexandria between 373 and 380. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 [2] and this reconciled the relations between the Church of Rome and the church of Antioch , who supported the Church of Alexandria
Devotion to Saint Laurence
Damasus rebuilt or repaired a church named for Saint Laurence, known as San Lorenzo fuori le Mura ("St Lawrence outside the walls"), which by the 7th century was a station on the itineraries of the graves of the Roman martyrs. History The Church traces its origins to the Christian community founded in Antioch by the Apostles St The Basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le Mura &mdash also known in the English language as Saint Lawrence outside the Walls &mdash is one of the most important
Damasus' devotion for the Roman martyr is attested also by the tradition, according to which the pope built a church devoted to Laurence in his own house, San Lorenzo in Damaso. San Lorenzo in Damaso ( Saint Lawrence in the House of Damasus) is a Basilica church in Rome, one of several dedicated to the Roman deacon
Letters of Jerome to Damasus
The alleged letters from Jerome to Damasus have sometimes been adduced as examples of the primacy of the seat of Peter:
- …Yet, though your greatness terrifies me, your kindness attracts me. From the priest I demand the safe-keeping of the victim, from the shepherd the protection due to the sheep. Away with all that is overweening; let the state of Roman majesty withdraw. My words are spoken to the successor of the fisherman, to the disciple of the cross. As I follow no leader save Christ, so I communicate with none but your blessedness, that is with the chair of Peter. For this, I know, is the rock on which the church is built! This is the house where alone the paschal lamb can be rightly eaten. This is the ark of Noah, and he who is not found in it shall perish when the flood prevails. But since by reason of my sins I have betaken myself to this desert which lies between Syria and the uncivilized waste, I cannot, owing to the great distance between us, always ask of your sanctity the holy thing of the Lord. Consequently I here follow the Egyptian confessors who share your faith, and anchor my frail craft under the shadow of their great argosies. I know nothing of Vitalis; I reject Meletius; I have nothing to do with Paulinus. He that gathers not with you scatters; he that is not of Christ is of Antichrist.
Letter of Jerome to Pope Damasus, 376, 2
Some scholars disagree that this was a genuine letter from Jerome. Events By Place Roman Empire Many Goths appear on the Danube and request entry into the Roman Empire in their flight from the [3]
| Styles of Pope Damasus I |
|
 |
|
| Reference style | His Holiness |
| Spoken style | Your Holiness |
| Religious style | Holy Father |
| Posthumous style | Saint |
Footnotes
- ^ http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_%281913%29/Pope_St._Damasus_I
- ^ http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_%281913%29/Pope_St._Damasus_I
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Isidore
External links
"Pope St. Damasus I" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity - Biography at Project Bartleby
- Patron Saint Index
- Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia (Latin)
References
- "The Pelican History of the Church - 1: The Early Church" by Henry Chadwick
- "A History of the Christian Church" by Williston Walker
- On the communion of Damasus and Meletius. Fourth-century synodal formulae in the Codex Veronensis LX. Critical edition and translation by Lester L. Field, Jr. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2004, Pp. xii+304 (Studies and Texts, 145).
| Roman Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Liberius |
Bishop of Rome Pope 366–383 |
Succeeded by Siricius |
| Preceded by Valentinian II |
Pontifex Maximus of Rome 366-383 |
Succeeded by Siricius |
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