| Clement V | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Birth name | Raymond Bertrand de Got or de Gouth or de Goth |
| Papacy began | June 5, 1305 |
| Papacy ended | April 20, 1314 |
| Predecessor | Benedict XI |
| Successor | John XXII |
| Born | about 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, France (?) |
| Died | April 20, 1314 Roquemaure (Gard), France |
| Other popes named Clement | |
Pope Clement V (About 1264 – April 20, 1314), born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled de Gouth and de Goth), was Pope from 1305 to his death. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Pope Pope John (numbering Pope John XXII (1249 &ndash December 4, 1334) born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse) was Pope from 1316 to 1334 Villandraut is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in southwestern France. Gascony (Gascogne gaskɔɲ Gascon Occitan: Gasconha, pronounced) is an area of southwest France that constituted a province of France This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Roquemaure is a commune in the department of Gard in southern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and He is memorable in history for suppressing the order of the Templars, and as the Pope who moved the Roman Curia to Avignon - although, as a matter of fact, he moved the Roman Curia to Carpentras - in 1309, after staying four years in Poitiers. The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope Avignon (/aviɲɔ̃/ in French) ( Provençal: Avinhon in classical norm or Avignoun in Mistralian norm is a commune Carpentras ( Provençal Occitan: Carpentràs in classical norm or Carpentras in Mistralian norm is a town and commune in the Poitiers is a town on the Clain River in west central France.
Contents |
Biography
Born in Villandraut, Aquitaine, Bertrand was canon and sacristan of the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux, then vicar-general to his brother, the archbishop of Lyon, who in 1294 was created Cardinal Bishop of Albano. Villandraut is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in southwestern France. Aquitaine (Aquitània Akitania archaic Guyenne / Guienne (Occitan Guiana) is one of the 26 Regions of France, in the south-western part of A canon (from the Latin canonicus, itself derived from the Greek κανωνικος 'relating to a rule' is a priest who is a member of certain bodies of the A sacristan is an officer who is charged with the care of the Sacristy, the church, and their contents ( Gascon: Bordèu) is a port city in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate A vicar general (often abbreviated VG) is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority He was then made bishop of St-Bertrand-de-Comminges, the cathedral church of which he was responsible for greatly enlarging and embellishing; and chaplain to Pope Boniface VIII (1294–1303), who made him archbishop of Bordeaux in 1297. Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. Pope Boniface VIII (c 1235 &ndash October 11, 1303) born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294
Following the death of Benedict XI in 1304, he was elected Pope Clement V in June 1305 (and was consecrated on 14 November), after a year's interregnum occasioned by the disputes between the French and Italian cardinals, who were nearly equally balanced in the conclave, which had to be held at Perugia. Pope An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity of a government organization or social order This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope (or Bishop of Rome) who is considered by Catholics to be the Successor Perugia is the capital City of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river and the capital of the Province of Perugia Bertrand was neither Italian nor a cardinal, and his election might have been considered a gesture towards neutrality. The contemporary chronicler Giovanni Villani reports gossip that he had bound himself to King Philip IV of France (1285–1314) by a formal agreement previous to his elevation, made at St. Giovanni Villani (c 1276 or 1280&ndash1348 His Cronica is viewed as the first introduction of statistics as a positive element in history Jean d'Angély in Saintonge. Saintonge is a small region on the Atlantic coast of France within the département Charente-Maritime, west and south of Charente Whether this was true or not, it is likely that the future pope had conditions laid down for him by the conclave of cardinals. At Bordeaux, Bertrand was formally notified of his election and urged to come to Italy; but he selected Lyon for his coronation, November 14, 1305, which was celebrated with magnificence and attended by Philip IV. ( Gascon: Bordèu) is a port city in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. The Papal Coronation is the ceremony in which a new Pope is crowned as earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church, sovereign of Vatican City Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Among his first acts was the creation of nine French cardinals.
Early in 1306, Clement V explained away those features of the bulls Clericis Laicos that might seem to apply to the King of France and essentially withdrew Unam Sanctam, the two bulls of Boniface VIII which were particularly offensive to Philip IV's ambitious ministry. A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. Clericis laicos was a Papal bull issued on February 25, 1296 by Pope Boniface VIII in an attempt to prevent the secular states of Europe in On November 18, 1302, Pope Boniface VIII issued the Papal bull Unam sanctam which historians consider one of the most extreme statements He appears to have conducted himself throughout his pontificate as the mere tool of the French monarchy, a radical change in papal policy.
On October 13, 1307, came the arrest of hundreds of the Knights Templar in France, an action apparently financially motivated and undertaken by the efficient royal bureaucracy to increase the prestige of the crown. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order Philip IV was the force behind this ruthless move, but it has also tarnished the historical reputation of Clement V. From the very day of Clement V's coronation, the King had charged the Templars with heresy, immorality and abuses, and the scruples of the Pope were compromised by a growing sense that the burgeoning French State might not wait for the Church, but would proceed independently. Heresy, as a blanket term describes a practice or belief that is labeled as unorthodox
In March 1309 the entire papal court moved from Poitiers (where it had remained for 4 years) to Avignon, which was not then part of France but an imperial fief held by the King of Sicily. Poitiers is a town on the Clain River in west central France. Avignon (/aviɲɔ̃/ in French) ( Provençal: Avinhon in classical norm or Avignoun in Mistralian norm is a commune This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. The removal of the Papacy to Avignon was justified at the time by French apologists on grounds of security, since Rome, where the dissensions of the Roman aristocrats and their armed militia had reached a nadir, and where the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano had been destroyed in a fire, was unstable and dangerous. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Avignon (/aviɲɔ̃/ in French) ( Provençal: Avinhon in classical norm or Avignoun in Mistralian norm is a commune Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The nadir (from Arabic ندير nadeer نظير nathir, "opposite" is the astronomical term for the point directly The Basilica of St John Lateran ( Italian: Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano) is the Cathedral of the church of Rome and the official But the decision proved the precursor of the long Avignon Papacy, the 'Babylonian captivity' (1309–77), in Petrarch's phrase, and marks a point from which the decay of the strictly Catholic conception of the pope as universal bishop may be dated. In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar
Meanwhile, Philip IV's lawyers pressed to reopen Nogaret's charges of heresy against the late Boniface VIII that had circulated in the pamphlet war around Unam sanctam. Guillaume de Nogaret or William of Nogaret (1260/1270 – 1313 was councillor and Keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France. Clement V had to yield to pressures for this extraordinary trial, begun February 2, 1309, at Avignon, which dragged on for two years. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor In the document that called for the witnesses, Clement V expressed both his personal conviction of the innocence of Boniface VIII and his resolution to satisfy the King. Finally, in February, 1311, Philip IV wrote to Clement V abandoning the process to the future council of Vienne. This article is about the French department Do not confuse with the Austrian capital Vienna. For his part, Clement V absolved all the participants in the abduction of Boniface at Anagni. Anagni, (Latin Anagnia) is an ancient town in Latium, Italy, in the hills east-southeast of Rome famous for its connections with the papacy and for the
In pursuance of the King's wishes, Clement V summoned the Council of Vienne (1311), which refused to convict the Templars of heresy. The Council of Vienne was the Fifteenth Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church that met between 1311 and 1312 in Vienne. The Pope abolished the order anyway, as the Templars seemed to be in bad repute and had outlived their usefulness as papal bankers and protectors of pilgrims in the East. Their French estates were de jure granted to the Knights Hospitallers, but Philip IV held them until his death and expropriated the Templar's bank outright. The Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St
Charges of heresy and sodomy aside, the guilt or innocence of the Templars is one of the more difficult historical problems, partly because of the atmosphere of hysteria that had built up in the preceding generation and the habitually intemperate language and extravagant denunciations exchanged between temporal rulers and churchmen, and partly because the subject has been embraced by conspiracy theorists and pseudo-historians. Heresy, as a blanket term describes a practice or belief that is labeled as unorthodox Sodomy (ˈsɒdəmi is a term used today predominantly in Law (derived from traditional Christian usage to describe the act of Anal intercourse, Oral intercourse
Clement V's pontificate was also a disastrous time for Italy. The Papal States were entrusted to a team of three cardinals, but Rome, the battleground of the Colonna and Orsini factions, was ungovernable. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa The Colonna family was a powerful noble family in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one Pope and many other leaders The Orsini family was one of the most celebrated princely families in medieval Italy and Renaissance Rome, and which in former times had large possessions In 1310, the Emperor Henry VII (1308–13) entered Italy, established the Visconti as vicars in Milan, and was crowned by Clement V's legates in Rome (1312) before he died near Siena in 1313. Henry VII ( Heinrich; c 1275 (or 1279 &ndash 24 August 1313) was the King of Germany (or Rex Romanorum) from 1308 and Visconti was the family name of two important Italian noble dynasties of the Middle Ages. In the broadest sense a vicar (from the Latin Vicarius) is a representative anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2
In Ferrara papal armies clashed with Venice. Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the When excommunication and interdict failed to have their intended effect, Clement V preached a crusade against the Venetians, a symptom of how polarized that particular conflict had become. Excommunication is a religious Censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community In the Roman Catholic Church, the word interdict (in’tér-dikt usually refers to an Ecclesiastical penalty The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents
Other remarkable incidents of Clement V's reign are his violent repression of the Fra Dolcino, which he considered a heresy, in Lombardy and his promulgation of the Clementine Constitutions in 1313. Fra Dolcino (c 1250 &ndash 1307 was an Italian preacher burnt at the stake in 1307 and often described as being a heretic inspired by the Franciscan Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the He died in April 1314. According to one story, while his body was lying in state, a thunderstorm developed during the night and lightning struck the church where his body lay, igniting the building. The fire was so intense that, when it was extinguished, the body of Pope Clement V was almost completely destroyed. He is buried at La Chaise-Dieu in Auvergne. La Chaise-Dieu is French commune, located in the département of Haute-Loire in the région of Auvergne. Auvergne ( Occitan: Auvèrnhe/Auvèrnha) was the name of an historically independent county in the center of France, as well as later a Province of
Promulgation of a Crusade and relations with the Mongols
On April 4, 1312, a Crusade was promulgated by Pope Clement V at the Council of Vienne. Many attempts were made towards forming a Franco-Mongol alliance between the mid-13th and early 14th centuries starting around the time of the Seventh Crusade. The Council of Vienne was the Fifteenth Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church that met between 1311 and 1312 in Vienne. In 1313, the French king Philippe le Bel "took the cross", making the vow to go on a Crusade in the Levant, thus responding to Clement V's call. He was however warned against leaving by Enguerrand de Marigny,[1] and died soon after in a hunting accident. Enguerrand de Marigny (1260 – April 30, 1315) was a French chamberlain and minister of Philip IV the Fair. [2]
Clement also engaged on and off in communications with the Mongol Empire, towards the possibility of creating a Franco-Mongol alliance against the Muslims. The Mongol Empire ( Mongolyn Ezent Güren or mn Их Mонгол улс Ikh Mongol Uls; 1206–1368 was the largest contiguous Empire Many attempts were made towards forming a Franco-Mongol alliance between the mid-13th and early 14th centuries starting around the time of the Seventh Crusade. In April 1305, the Mongol Ilkhan ruler Oljeitu sent an embassy led by Buscarello de Ghizolfi to Clement, Philip the Fair, and Edward I of England. The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate (Ил Хан улс Il Khan uls;) was a Mongol Khanate established in Öljaitü, Oljeitu or Uljeitu, also known as Muhammad Khodabandeh, ( Persian محمد خدابنده - اولجایتو Buscarello de Ghizolfi, or Buscarel of Gisolfe was a Genoese from the great De Ghizolfi family who settled in Persia in the 13th century Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost In 1307, another Mongol embassy led by Tommaso Ugi di Siena reached European monarchs. Tommaso Ugi di Siena was a 14th century Italian adventurer native of the city of Siena in Italy. However, no coordinated military action was forthcoming, and hopes of alliance petered out within a few years. Another embassy was sent by Oljeitu to the West and to Edward II in 1313. For the play see Edward II (play. For the film see Edward II (film. [3] That same year, the French king Philippe le Bel "took the cross", making the vow to go on a Crusade in the Levant, but he died soon after in a hunting accident. [4]
Notes
See also
External links
"Pope Clement V" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia. Châteauneuf-du-Pape is an AOC for Wine made near the village of Châteauneuf-du-Pape in the Rhône wine region in southeastern France The Château de Roquetaillade is a Castle in Mazères (near Bordeaux in the French département of Gironde. - Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon: "Clemens V" (In German)
- Bulls of Clement V on the Knights Templar
Further reading
- Clement V by Sophia Menache ISBN 0-521-52198-X
| Roman Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Benedict XI |
Pope 1305–14 |
Succeeded by John XXII |
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic