| Saint Clement I | |
|---|---|
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| Birth name | Clemens |
| Papacy began | circa 88 |
| Papacy ended | 99 |
| Predecessor | Anacletus |
| Successor | Evaristus |
| Born | Unknown Rome, Italy |
| Died | circa 99 Crimea |
| Other popes named Clement | |
| Styles of Pope Clement I |
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| Reference style | His Holiness |
| Spoken style | Your Holiness |
| Religious style | Holy Father |
| Posthumous style | Saint |
Saint Clement I, also known as Pope Clement I, Saint Clement of Rome, or Clemens Romanus, was the fourth Pope and Bishop of Rome[1] and is considered the first Apostolic Father[1] of the early Christian church. For the processor see Intel 8088. Year 88 was a Leap year Pope Pope Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Year 99 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The Bishop of Rome is the bishop of the Holy See, more often referred to in the Catholic tradition as the Pope. Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus ( c
Clement's letter to the Corinthian church (1 Clement) was widely read and is one of the oldest Christian documents still in existence outside the New Testament. The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope This important work is the first to manifest Rome's primacy and the first to affirm the apostolic authority of the church fathers. [2]
Few details are known about Clement's life. While sources vary, it is likely Clement became Pope and Bishop of Rome in the year 88, although it may have been as late as 92. It is somewhat certain that he died in the year 99. [1] The Holy See's Annuario Pontificio (2003) cites a reign from 92 to 99. The Annuario Pontificio ( Italian for Pontifical Yearbook) is the annual directory of the Holy See. According to tradition, Clement was imprisoned under the Emperor Trajan and led a miraculous ministry among fellow prisoners. Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who He was then executed by being tied to an anchor and thrown into the sea.
St. Clement's name is in the Roman Canon of the Mass. Before the 1970 revision of the Roman Missal, the Mass had in the Roman Rite, only one Anaphora or Eucharistic Prayer which was referred to as the Canon The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. He is commemorated on November 23 as pope and martyr in the Roman Catholic Church as well as in the Anglican Communion and the Lutheran church. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The Syriac Orthodox Church, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church and the Greek Orthodox Church, as well as the Syriac Catholic Church, the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church and Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Churches, commemorate St. The Syriac Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Oriental Orthodox church based in the Middle East with members spread throughout the world The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (also known as the Malankara Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church of the East, Orthodox Syrian Church of the East, The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches The Syriac Catholic Church, or Syrian Catholic Church is a Christian church in the Levant having The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (also known as Malankara Syrian Catholic Church Malankara Syriac Catholic Church) The Byzantine Rite, sometimes called the Rite of Constantinople or Constantinopolitan Rite, is the liturgical rite used currently (in various languages This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See Clement of Rome (called in Syriac Mor Clemis) on November 24; the Russian Orthodox Church on November 25; and the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria on December 8. See Syriac (disambiguation for other uses Syriac (syr ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ leššānā Suryāyā) is an Eastern Aramaic language Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the History of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria Apostolic foundation Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe.
Contents |
Identity
Tradition identifies him as the Clement that Paul mentioned in Philippians 4:3 as a fellow laborer in Christ,[3] and the mere apposition of the name with a location at one time in Philippi has never warranted saying that he must be a Philippian, as Paul didn't grow up in a place he ministered at, merely for being stationed there. The word tradition comes from the Latin traditionem acc of traditio which means "a giving up delivering up surrendering" and is used in a number of The Epistle to the Philippians (or simply Philippians) is a Book included in the New Testament of the Bible. [1] In the 19th century he was identified as a freedman of Titus Flavius Clemens, who was consul with his cousin, the Emperor Domitian, but no ancient sources suggest this identification and it is likely false. Titus Flavius Clemens was a great-nephew of the Roman Emperor Vespasian. Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death [1] The 2nd-century Shepherd of Hermas mentions a Clement whose office it is to communicate with other churches. The Shepherd of Hermas (sometimes just called The Shepherd) is a Christian work of the second century considered a valuable book by many Christians [4] It should be noted, most significantly, that an allusion in 1 Clement is made back to Paul's comment that Clement's name is in the Book of Life.
Ancient sources sometimes named Clement as the third Bishop of Rome. The Bishop of Rome is the bishop of the Holy See, more often referred to in the Catholic tradition as the Pope. [1] Little evidence exists to corroborate or disprove that Clement was a Bishop of Rome,[5], and in fact, some historians challenge the assertion that the episcopacy was established as early as Clement's lifetime. Episcopal polity is a form of church governance which is hierarchical in structure with the chief authority over a local Christian church resting in a Bishop (Greek
The Liber Pontificalis, which documents the reigns of popes states that Clement had known Saint Peter. The Liber Pontificalis ( Latin for Book of the Popes) is a book of biographies of Popes from Saint Peter until the 15th century It also states that he wrote two letters (though the second letter, 2 Clement is no longer ascribed to him) and that he died in Greece in the third year of Trajan's reign, or 100 AD. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who
Martyrdom
According to tradition, Saint Clement was banished from Rome during the reign of the Emperor Trajan. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who He was sent to Chersonesus where he was sentenced to work with other prisoners in a stone quarry. Chersonesos (Χερσόνησος Chersonesus Old East Slavic: Корсунь Korsun; Херсонес Khersones; also transliterated as Chersonese Saint Clement arrived to find the prisoners suffering from a great lack of water. After kneeling down in prayer, the saint looked up to see a lamb standing upon a hill. Taking his pickaxe, Saint Clement went to where the lamb had stood and struck the ground, revealing a gushing stream of clear water.
In retaliation for this miracle and for having converted large numbers of the local pagans and his fellow prisoners to Christianity, Saint Clement was martyred by being tied to an anchor and thrown from a boat into the Black Sea. The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey
According to a 9th-century tradition St. Cyril brought the relics of Saint Clement to Rome where they are now enshrined at the Basilica di San Clemente. Saints Cyril and Methodius (Κύριλλος και Μεθόδιος Old Church Slavonic: Кѷриллъ и Меѳодїи) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial The Basilica of Saint Clement ( Basilica di San Clemente in Italian) Rome is a twelfth century Roman Catholic Basilica dedicated Other relics of Saint Clement, including his head, are claimed by the Kiev Monastery of the Caves in Ukraine. Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Києво-Печерська лавра Kyievo-Pechers’ka lavra; Киево-Печерская лавра Kievo-Pecherskaya lavra) Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.
Symbolism
In works of art, Saint Clement can be recognized by having an anchor at his side or tied to his neck. He is most often depicted wearing the Papal vestments, including the pallium, and sometimes with the Papal tiara but more often with the mitre. Papal Regalia and Insignia are the official items of attire and decoration proper to the Pope in his capacity as the head of the Roman Catholic The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin as the ' Triregnum', and in Italian as the ' Triregno', is the three-tiered The mitre (sometimes also spelled miter from the Greek μίτρα, 'headband' or 'turban' is a type of headgear now known as the traditional ceremonial head-dress of He is also sometimes shown with symbols of his office as Pope and Bishop of Rome such as the Papal Cross and the Keys of Heaven. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The Bishop of Rome is the bishop of the Holy See, more often referred to in the Catholic tradition as the Pope. The papal cross or ferula is an emblem of the papal office As a material cross it was carried before the Roman pontiff in processions or was used by him as In Ecclesiastical heraldry, the Papal coat of arms contain the keys of the office of St In reference to his martyrdom, he often holds the palm of martyrdom. A palm branch (or palm Frond or palm stem) usually refers to the leaves of the Arecaceae (sometimes known by the names Palmae Saint Clement can be seen depicted near a fountain or spring, relating to the incident from his hagiography, or lying in a temple in the sea. A traditional fountain is an arrangement where water issues from a source ( Latin fons) fills a basin of some kind and is drained away A spring is a point where Groundwater flows out of the ground and is thus where the Aquifer surface meets the ground surface Hagiography ( is the study of Saints. A hagiography, from Greek (hağios (ἅγιος "holy" or "saint" and graphē (γραφή The Mariner's Cross is also referred to as St. The Anchored Cross, or Mariner's Cross, is a stylized cross in the shape of an anchor Clement's Cross in reference to the way he was martyred.
Writings
Clement's best known writing is a letter to the Catholic Church in Corinth, often called the First Epistle of Clement or 1 Clement. Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus ( c Corinth, or Korinth ( Greek Κόρινθος ( is a city in Greece. The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope The history of 1 Clement clearly and continuously shows Pope Clement I as the author of this letter. The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope It is considered the oldest authentic Christian document outside of the New Testament, and it is the first work to assert the primacy of Rome.
A second epistle is traditionally attributed to Clement, although some modern scholarship suggests it may have been written later. The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope The Second Epistle of Clement is often described as a homily, although in form it closely resembles Paul's Epistle to the Hebrews in its abrupt beginning and in its didactic line of expression. The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope A homily is a commentary that follows a reading of scripture In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, and in the Eastern Orthodox Church Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and The Epistle to the Hebrews (abbr Heb for Citations is one of the books in the New Testament. Irenaeus, however, in his work entitled Refutation and Overthrow of the Knowledge Falsely So Called, mentions 1 Clement and includes details about divine punishment that close resemble 2 Clement, suggesting that 2 Clement may very well have been originally appended to 1 Clement. Saint Irenaeus (Greek Ειρηναίος (2nd century AD - c 202 was Bishop of Lugdunum in Gaul, Roman Empire (now Lyons France The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope Second Clement, unlike First Clement, may have been intended to serve as a homily, as churches often shared homilies to be read during liturgies. It is possible that the Church from which Clement sent his epistle had included a festal homily to share in one economical post, thus the homily became known as the Second Epistle of Clement. The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope
While 2 Clement has been traditionally ascribed to Clement, most modern scholars believe that 2 Clement was written in the second century based on the doctrinal themes of the text and a near match between words in 2 Clement and in the Greek Gospel of the Egyptians. The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope The Epistles of Clement ( 1 Clement and 2 Clement) are two letters ascribed to Saint Clement, an Apostolic Father, and the fourth Pope The Greek Gospel of the Egyptians is a Gnostic religious text [6][7] Two Epistles on Virginity were traditionally attributed to Clement, but now there exists almost universal consensus that Clement was not the author of those two epistles.
St Clement is also the hero of an early Christian romance or novel that has survived in at least two different versions, known as the Clementine literature, where he is identified with Domitian's cousin Titus Flavius Clemens. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Clementine literature (also called Clementia, Pseudo-Clementine Writings, The Preaching of Peter - Kerygmata Petrou - etc Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death Titus Flavius Clemens was a great-nephew of the Roman Emperor Vespasian.
References
- ^ a b c d e f Pope St. Clement I, Catholic Encyclopedia.
- ^ Tixeront, J. A handbook of patrology. St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. 1920. [1]
- ^ "Writers of the 3rd and 4th cents. , like Origen, Eusebius, and Jerome, equate him (St. Clement I), perhaps, correctly, with the Clement whom St. Paul mentions (Phil. 4:3) as a fellow worker. " — Kelly (1985). The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford University Press, p. 7.
- ^ (Vision II. 4. 3)
- ^ Lake, Kirsopp. The apostolic fathers. London: 1912. read online
- ^ McBrien (2000). Lives of The Popes. Harper, p. 35.
- ^ Pope St. Clement I, Catholic Encyclopedia.
Further Reading
- Louise Ropes Loomis, The Book of Popes (Liber Pontificalis). Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing. ISBN 1-889758-86-8 (Reprint of the 1916 edition. Stops with Pope Pelagius, 579-590. English translation with scholarly footnotes, and illustrations).
External links
Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope St. Clement I. - Two Epistles Concerning Virginity .
- Opera Omnia
- Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome Eastern Orthodox icon and synaxarion
- Clement of Rome writings
| Roman Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Anacletus |
Bishop of Rome Pope 88–98 |
Succeeded by Evaristus |
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