Pope Alexander IV - Citizendia

Alexander IV

Birth name	Rinaldo di Jenne
Papacy began	December 12, 1254
Papacy ended	May 25, 1261
Predecessor	Innocent IV
Successor	Urban IV
Born	1199
Died	May 25, 1261 Viterbo, Italy
Other popes named Alexander

Pope Alexander IV (1199 or ca. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Pope Innocent IV, born Sinibaldo Fieschi was Pope from June 28, 1243 to December 7, 1254. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Viterbo is an ancient city and Comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the Province of Viterbo. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest 1185 – May 25, 1261) was Pope from 1254 until his death. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and

Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, a native of Jenne, near Anagni, he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III (1198 - 1216) and Pope Gregory IX (1227 - 1241). Anagni, (Latin Anagnia) is an ancient town in Latium, Italy, in the hills east-southeast of Rome famous for its connections with the papacy and for the Segni (in Latin Signia) is an Italian town and comune located in Lazio. Pope Innocent III ( February 22, 1161 &ndash June 16, 1216) born Lotario de' Conti di Segni, was Pope from January Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was Pope from March 19, 1227 to August His uncle, Pope Gregory IX made him Cardinal Deacon and Protector of the Order of Franciscans in 1227, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1229 and Bishop of Ostia in 1231 (or 1232). Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was Pope from March 19, 1227 to August A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. The Bishop of Ostia is the ecclesiastical head of the Catholic Diocese of Ostia, one of the seven Suburbicarian sees of Rome He became Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1244 (or in 1240). The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the President of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank On the death of Pope Innocent IV (1243 - 1254) he was elected Pope at Naples on December 12, 1254. Pope Innocent IV, born Sinibaldo Fieschi was Pope from June 28, 1243 to December 7, 1254. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian

Alexander IV succeeded Innocent IV as guardian of Conradin, the last of the Hohenstaufen, promising him protection; but in less than a fortnight he conspired against him and bitterly opposed Conradin's uncle Manfred. Conradin is also a character in the short story Sredni Vashtar. Note Please link only to revelant articles per "WPOVERLINK" Manfred ( Venosa, 1232 &ndash Benevento February 26, 1266) was the King of Sicily from 1258 to 1266 Alexander IV threatened excommunication and interdict against the party of Manfred, without effect. Excommunication is a religious Censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community In the Roman Catholic Church, the word interdict (in’tér-dikt usually refers to an Ecclesiastical penalty Nor could he enlist the Kings of England and Norway in a crusade against the Hohenstaufen. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents Rome itself became too Ghibelline for the Pope, who withdrew to Viterbo, where he died in 1261. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy Viterbo is an ancient city and Comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the Province of Viterbo. He was buried in Viterbo Cathedral, but his tomb was destroyed during sixteenth century renovations. The Duomo di Viterbo, (or Viterbo Cathedral) officially named the Cathedral of San Lorenzo is the main church of the city of Viterbo in the Province

His pontificate was signalized by efforts to unite the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, by the establishment of the Inquisition in France, by favours shown to the mendicant orders, and by an attempt to organize a crusade against the Tatars after the second raid against Poland in 1259. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The term Inquisition can refer to any one of several institutions charged with trying and convicting heretics within the Roman Catholic Church and This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The mendicant orders are religious orders which depend directly on the charity of the people for their livelihood The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents Tatars ( Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic -speaking ethnic group or multiple ethnic groups Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland

On 12th April, 1261, shortly before his death, he granted a papal bull to Henry III of England, absolving him of oaths taken in the Provisions of Oxford, which was instrumental in the Second Barons' War. Henry III (1 October 1207 &ndash 16 November 1272 was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 The Provisions of Oxford were installed in 1258 by a group of barons led by Simon de Montfort 6th Earl of Leicester; these documents are often regarded as England's first written The Second Barons' War ( 1264 &ndash 1267) was a Civil war in England between the forces of a number of rebellious Barons led by ^[1]

References

^ Harding, Alan. England in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge University Press, p. 290.

"Pope Alexander IV" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.
Richard, Jean (1999). Jean Richard is a leading French Historian, who specializes in medieval history. The Crusades: c. 1071-c. 1291. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62566-1.
Harding, Alan. England in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge University Press, p. 290.
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone