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This article is about the medical condition. For the biological structure, see Polyp. In Zoology, a polyp is one of two forms of individuals found in many species of Cnidarians The two are the polyp or hydroid and the medusa.
Colon polyps
Classification and external resources
Polyp of sigmoid colon as revealed by colonoscopy. Approximately 1 cm in diameter. The polyp was removed by snare cautery
ICD-10 K63.5 & various
MedlinePlus 000266
eMedicine med/414 
MeSH C23.300.825

A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue (tumor) projecting from a mucous membrane. Cauterize redirects here For the band see Cauterize (band Cauterization is a medical term describing the burning of the body to remove The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings K00-K93 - Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K14 Diseases of oral cavity salivary glands and jaws ( Disorders of Tooth development and Eruption MedlinePlus, with the MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, is a website network containing Health information from the world's largest medical Library eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely two medical doctors Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books See also Cancer A tumor or tumour is the name for a swelling or lesion formed by an abnormal growth of cells (termed neoplastic The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin covered in Epithelium, which are involved in If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated stalk it is said to be pedunculated. If no stalk is present it is said to be sessile. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, sinus(es), urinary bladder and uterus. The colon is a storage tube for solid wastes The main function of the colon appears to be extraction of Water and salts from Feces. In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following Anatomically a nose is a protuberance in Vertebrates that houses the Nostrils or nares which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces communicating with the nasal cavity within the bones of the Skull and face In Anatomy, the urinary bladder is a hollow muscular, and distensible (or elastic organ that sits on the Pelvic floor in Mammals It is the The uterus (from the Latin word for womb) is the major Female reproductive organ of most Mammals including Humans One end the They may also occur elsewhere in the body where mucous membranes exist like the cervix[1] and small intestine. The cervix (from Latin "neck" is the lower narrow portion of the Uterus where it joins with the top end of the Vagina. In Biology the small Intestine is the part of the Gastrointestinal tract (gut between the Stomach and the Large intestine, and comprises

Contents

Colorectal polyp

Main article: Colorectal polyp

Colon polyps are uncommonly associated with symptoms. A colorectal polyp (or colon polyp) is a fleshy growth ( polyp) occurring on the lining of the Colon or Rectum. Occasionally rectal bleeding, and on rare occasions pain, diarrhea or constipation may occur because of colon polyps. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, commonly abbreviated LGIB, refers to any form of bleeding in the Lower gastrointestinal tract. Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm In Medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea (see spelling differences) is frequent loose or liquid Bowel movements Acute diarrhea Constipation, costiveness, or irregularity, is a condition of the Digestive system in which a person (or animal experiences hard Feces that Colon polyps are a concern because of the potential for colon cancer being present microscopically and the risk of benign colon polyps transforming with time into colon cancer. Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes Cancerous growths in the colon, Rectum and Since most polyps are asymptomatic, they are usually discovered at the time of colon cancer screening with either digital rectal exam (DRE), flexible sigmoidoscopy, Barium enema, colonoscopy or virtual colonoscopy. A rectal examination or rectal exam is an internal examination of the Rectum such as by a Physician or other healthcare professional Sigmoidoscopy is the Minimally invasive medical examination of the large Intestine from the Rectum through the last part of the colon lower gastrointestinal series, also called a barium enema, is a medical procedure used to examine and diagnose problems with the human colon (large intestine Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a Fiber optic Virtual colonoscopy (VC is a Medical imaging procedure which uses X-rays and Computers to produce two- and three-dimensional images of the The polyps are routinely removed at the time of colonoscopy either with a polypectomy snare (P. Deyhle, 1970) or with biopsy forceps. If an adenomatous polyp is found with flexible sigmoidoscopy or if a polyp is found with any other diagnostic modality, the patient must undergo colonoscopy for removal of the polyp(s). An adenoma is a collection of growths (-oma of glandular origin Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a Fiber optic Even though colon cancer is usually not found in polyps smaller than 2. Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes Cancerous growths in the colon, Rectum and 5 cm, all polyps found are removed since the removal of polyps reduces the future likelihood of developing colon cancer. Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes Cancerous growths in the colon, Rectum and When adenomatous polyps are removed, a repeat colonoscopy is usually performed in three to five years. An adenoma is a collection of growths (-oma of glandular origin Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a Fiber optic

Most colon polyps can be categorized as sporadic.

Inherited Polyposis Syndromes

Non-inherited Polyposis Syndromes

Types of colon polyps

Endometrial polyp

Main article: Endometrial polyp

An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a polyp or lesion in the lining of the uterus (endometrium) that takes up space within the uterine cavity. Familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP) is an inherited condition in which numerous polyps form mainly in the Epithelium of the large intestine. Peutz-Jeghers, also known as Hereditary Intestinal Polyposis Syndrome, is an Autosomal dominant Genetic disease characterized by the development of benign Turcot syndrome is the association between Familial adenomatous polyposis or Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and Brain tumors like Medulloblastoma Juvenile polyposis are a type of polyp and can present in both children and adults. Cowden syndrome is an Inherited disorder characterized by multiple tumor-like growths called Hamartomas and an increased risk of certain forms of Cancer. Bannayan-Zonana syndrome ( Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome) is a rare Hamartomatous disorder with occurrence of multiple subcutaneous Lipomas Macrocephaly Cronkhite–Canada disease is a rare Syndrome characterised by multiple polyps of the Digestive tract. An adenoma is a collection of growths (-oma of glandular origin A hamartoma is a benign focal malformation that resembles a neoplasm in the tissue of its origin Hyperplasia (or "hypergenesis" is a general term referring to the proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue beyond that which is ordinarily seen in e Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a big lump in the inner lining of the uterus A lesion is any abnormal tissue found on or in an organism usually damaged by disease or trauma The endometrium is the inner membrane of the Mammalian Uterus. Commonly occurring, they are experienced by up to 10% of women. [2] They may have a large flat base (sessile) or be attached to the uterus by an elongated pedicle (pedunculated). Sessile is a term in Biology with two distinct meanings In botany and medicine In Botany, sessile means "without a stalk Pedunculated is a medical term that is used to describe having or supported on a peduncle which is a stalk [2][3] Pedunculated polyps are more common that sessile ones. [4] They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. [3] If pedunculated, they can protrude through the cervix into the vagina. The cervix (from Latin "neck" is the lower narrow portion of the Uterus where it joins with the top end of the Vagina. The vagina (from Latin, literally " Sheath " or " Scabbard " is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the Uterus [2][5] Small blood vessels may be present in polyps, particularly large ones. [2]

Cervical polyp

Main article: Cervical polyp

A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal. A cervical polyp is a common Benign polyp or Tumour on the surface of the cervical canal. See also Cancer A tumor or tumour is the name for a swelling or lesion formed by an abnormal growth of cells (termed neoplastic In the anatomy of the Female reproductive system, the canal of the cervix (also called the endocervical canal, cervical canal, cervical canal [6] They can cause irregular menstrual bleeding but often show no symptoms. See also "Mensuration" a term sometimes used to describe Measurement, particularly in the context of Forestry. [2] Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good. [7] About 1% of cervical polyps will show neoplastic change which may lead to cancer. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled [8] They are most common in post-menstrual, pre-menopausal women who have given birth. See also "Mensuration" a term sometimes used to describe Measurement, particularly in the context of Forestry. Menopause is the permanent shutting down of the female Reproductive system, a considerable length of time before the end of the lifespan [9]

Nasal polyp

Main article: Nasal polyp

Footnotes

  1. ^ Weschler, Toni (2002). Nasal polyps are polypoidal masses arising mainly from the Mucous membranes of the Nose and Paranasal sinuses They are overgrowths of the Taking Charge of Your Fertility, Revised Edition, New York: HarperCollins, pp. 227-228,330. ISBN 0-06-093764-5.  
  2. ^ a b c d e Bates, Jane (2007). Practical Gynaecological Ultrasound. Cambridge University Press, 65. Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534 ISBN 1900151510.  
  3. ^ a b Uterine polyps. MayoClinic. com (2006-04-27). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
  4. ^ Sternberg, Stephen S. ; Stacey E. Mills, Darryl Carter (2004). Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2460. ISBN 0781740517.  
  5. ^ Dysmenorrhea: Menstrual abnormalities. Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy (2005). The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, often called simply The Merck Manual, is the world's best-selling medical textbook Retrieved on 2007-10-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
  6. ^ Boon, Mathilde E. ; Albert J. H. Suurmeijer (1996). The Pap Smear. Taylor & Francis, 87. ISBN 3718658577.  
  7. ^ Smith, Melanie N. (2006-05-10). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Cervical polyps. MEDLINE. MEDLINE ( Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online is a literature database of life sciences and biomedical information Retrieved on 2007-11-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
  8. ^ Tillman, Elizabeth, Short Instructor Materials, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, <http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:7uWWuX7sq-4J:www.cdc.gov/DES/hcp/resources/materials/clinician_short_inst.pdf+%22cervical+polyp%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=9&gl=uk>. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services based in unincorporated Retrieved on 21 October 2007 
  9. ^ Bosze, Peter; David M. Luesley (2004). Eagc Course Book on Colposcopy. Informa Health Care, 66. ISBN 9630073560.  

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