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The politics of Nepal function within a framework of a republic with a multi-party system. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. The History of Nepal (नेपालको इतिहास is characterized by its isolated position in the Himalayas and its two dominant neighbors India Constitution of Nepal: presently Nepal has no permanent Constitution. The position of Prime Minister of Nepal was created in 1799 Few of Nepal's Prime Ministers have carried a democratic mandate The position of Prime Minister of Nepal was created in 1799 Few of Nepal's Prime Ministers have carried a democratic mandate Girija prasad Koirala (गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला born 1925 is a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a On January 15 2007 the Pratinidhi Sabha, the legislature of Nepal, was dissolved and a new Interim legislature was formed The Nepalese Constituent Assembly is a body of 601 members formed as a result of an election that was held on April 10, 2008. The Supreme Court of Nepal is the highest Court in the Nepalese Judicial system. Elections in Nepal gives information on Election and election results in Nepal. An election for a Constituent Assembly was held in Nepal on 10 April 2008 after having been postponed from earlier dates of 20 June The constitution of Nepal provides for a Multi-party system The parties The general rule on naming applies Kathmandu (काठमांडौ येँ is the Capital and the largest city of Nepal. Nepal is divided into 14 administrative zones (अञ्चल which are divided into 75 districts (जिल्ला Nepal is divided into 14 administrative zones (अञ्चल "anchal" which are divided into 75 districts (जिल्ला "jilla" The 14 administrative zones (अञ्चल of Nepal are subdivided into 75 districts (जिल्ला Nepal has traditionally maintained a non-aligned policy and enjoys friendly relations with neighboring countries especially India and China. The Democracy movement in Nepal has been active for many years but usually applies to one of two movements The Nepalese Civil War (labelled People's War by the Maoists was a conflict between Government forces and Maoist rebels in Nepal Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its A multi-party system is a system in which three or more political parties have the capacity to gain control of government separately or in coalition
Currently, the positions of head of state and head of government are occupied by the same individual, Girija Prasad Koirala. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State Girija prasad Koirala (गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला born 1925 is a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a Executive power is exercised by the Cabinet, while Legislative power is vested in both the Cabinet and the House of Represtenatives. In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha was the lower house of Parliament during the 1990 Constitution in Nepal.
Until May 28, 2008, Nepal was a constitutional monarchy. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is On that date the constitution was altered by the Maoist-dominated Constituent Assembly to make the country a republic. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party The Nepalese Constituent Assembly is a body of 601 members formed as a result of an election that was held on April 10, 2008. [1]
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Political conditions
1990–1996: Parliamentary monarchy
Until 1990, Nepal was an absolute monarchy running under the executive control of the king. Absolute monarchy is a monarchical Form of government where the king and queen have absolute power over everything Faced with a people's movement against the absolute monarchy, King Birendra, in 1990, agreed to large-scale political reforms by creating a parliamentary monarchy with the king as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of the government. Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह ( December 28, 1945 &ndash June 1, 2001) was A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State
Nepal's legislature was bicameral consisting of a House of Representatives and a National Council. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha was the lower house of Parliament during the 1990 Constitution in Nepal. The National Assembly (Rashtriya Sabha was the upper house of parliament in Nepal during the 1990 Constitution The House of Representatives consisted of 205 members directly elected by the people. The National Council had 60 members, 10 nominated by the king, 35 elected by the House of Representatives and the remaining 15 elected by an electoral college made up of chairs of villages and towns. The legislature had a five-year term, but was dissolved by the king before its term could end. All Nepalese citizens 18 years and older became eligible to vote.
The executive comprised the King and the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet). A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. The leader of the coalition or party securing the maximum seats in an election was appointed as the Prime Minister. The Cabinet was appointed by the king on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
Governments in Nepal have tended to be highly unstable; no government has survived for more than two years since 1991, either through internal collapse or parliamentary dissolution by the monarch.
In the first free and fair elections in Nepal in 1991, the Nepali Congress was victorious. The Nepali Congress is a Nepalese Political party. It is led by Girija Prasad Koirala.
The 1994 election defeat of the Nepali Congress Party by the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN(UML)) made Nepal the first communist-led monarchy in Asia, with Man Mohan Adhikary prime minister. The Nepali Congress is a Nepalese Political party. It is led by Girija Prasad Koirala. The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist, also known as CPN-UML, CPN(UML, is one of the largest Communist parties in Nepal Man Mohan Adhikari (June 1920 - April 26, 1999) was the Prime Minister of Nepal from 1994 to 1995 representing the Communist Party In mid-1994, parliament was dissolved due to dissension within the Nepali Congress Party. The subsequent general election, held 15 November 1994, gave no party a majority and led to several years of unstable coalition governments. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) As of the May 1999 general elections, the Nepali Congress Party once again headed a majority government. A legislative election was held in Nepal on May 3 and May 17 1999 There have been three Nepali Congress Party Prime Ministers since the 1999 elections: K.P. Bhattarai (31 May 1999–17 March 2000); Girija Prasad Koirala (20 March 2000–19 July 2001); and Sher Bahadur Deuba (23 July 2001–2003). Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ( Nepali / Nepal Bhasa: कृष्ण प्रसाद भट्टराई (born 1924 is one of the popular Nepali political Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Girija prasad Koirala (गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला born 1925 is a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Sher Bahadur Deuba' (शेरबहादुर देउबा born June 13, 1946) is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The final distribution of seats in Parliament gave the Nepali Congress 113; the CPN(UML) 69; the RPP 11; the RJM 5; the NSP 5; the Workers and Peasants Party 1; and the United People's Front 1. Nepali Congress Party has divided to Nepali Congress Party led by G. P. Koirala and Nepali Congress (Democratic) led by Sher Bahadur Deuba. Nepali Congress (Democratic was a Political party of Nepal, which was formed due to vertical split of Nepali Congress Sher Bahadur Deuba' (शेरबहादुर देउबा born June 13, 1946) is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister. Amongst the elected MPs, 39 MPs belong to Nepali Congress (Democratic). Former Prime Minister and Influential Leader Krishna Prasad Bhattarai has expressed his support for Nepali Congress (Democratic). Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ( Nepali / Nepal Bhasa: कृष्ण प्रसाद भट्टराई (born 1924 is one of the popular Nepali political Both Congress parties regard Krishna Prasad Bhattarai as their main leader. Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ( Nepali / Nepal Bhasa: कृष्ण प्रसाद भट्टराई (born 1924 is one of the popular Nepali political
King Gyanendra discharged Sher Bahadur Deuba and on 4 June 2003 appointed Surya Bahadur Thapa as Prime Minister. Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ( Nepali: ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर बिक्रम शाह Jñānendra Vīra Vikrama Śāhadeva (born 7 July Sher Bahadur Deuba' (शेरबहादुर देउबा born June 13, 1946) is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Surya Bahadur Thapa (born March 21, 1928) has been Prime Minister of Nepal five times under three different kings in a political career lasting
1996: Maoist insurgency
In February 1996, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) began a violent insurgency in more than 50 of the country's 75 districts. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party About 11,000 police, civilians, and insurgents have been killed in the conflict since 1996. In July 2001 Prime Minister Deuba announced a cease-fire, which the Maoists pledged to observe, as part of a government effort to seek a negotiated solution to the conflict. Although Maoist-instigated intimidation and extortion continue, the killings have largely subsided since the cease-fire was announced. The government and Maoists held talks in August and September 2001.
Political parties agreed in 1991 that the monarchy would remain to enhance political stability and provide an important symbol of national identity for the culturally diverse Nepali people. The King exercises limited powers, including the right to declare a state of emergency in the event of war or armed revolt, with the advice and consent of the Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister. According to the constitution, the King's declaration of a state of emergency must be approved by a two-thirds majority of the lower house of the Parliament.
2001: Royal massacre
On June 1, 2001, Crown Prince Dipendra was officially reported to have shot and killed his father, King Birendra; his mother, Queen Aishwarya; his brother; his sister, his father's younger brother, Prince Dhirendra; and several aunts, before turning the gun on himself. The Nepalese royal massacre occurred on Friday June 1, 2001, at the Narayanhity Royal Palace, the former residence of the Nepalese monarchy, Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah ( June 27 1971 &ndash June 4 2001) was King of Nepal from June 1 to June 4 Although he never regained consciousness before dying, Crown Prince Diprendra was nonetheless the king under the law of Nepalese royal succession. After his death two days later, the late King's surviving brother Gyanendra was proclaimed king.
2005–2007: Suspension of parliament and Loktantra Andolan
On 1 February 2005 King Gyanendra suspended the Parliament, appointed a government led by himself, and enforced martial law. The 2006 Democracy Movement ( Nepali: लोकतन्त्र आन्दोलन Loktantra Āndolan) is a name given to the ongoing political agitations against Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect when the military takes control of the normal administration of justice The King argued that civil politicians were unfit to handle the Maoist insurgency. Telephone lines were cut and several high-profile political leaders were detained. Other opposition leaders fled to India and regrouped there. A broad coalition called the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) was formed in opposition to the royal takeover, encompassing the seven parliamentary parties who held about 90% of the seats in the old, dissolved parliament.
The UN-OHCHR, in response to events in Nepal, set up a monitoring program in 2005 to assess and observe the human rights situation there[2]
On 22 November 2005, the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) of parliamentary parties and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) agreed on a historic and unprecedented 12-point memorandum of understanding (MOU) for peace and democracy. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights ( OHCHR) is a United Nations agency that works to promote and protect the human Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Seven Party Alliance is a coalition of seven Nepali political parties seeking to end autocratic rule in the country The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party Nepalese from various walks of life and the international community regarded the MOU as an appropriate political response to the crisis that was developing in Nepal. Against the backdrop of the historical sufferings of the Nepalese people and the enormous human cost of the last ten years of violent conflict, the MOU, which proposes a peaceful transition through an elected constituent assembly, created an acceptable formula for a united movement for democracy. As per the 12-point MOU, the SPA called for a protest movement, and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) supported it. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party This led to a countrywide uprising that started in April 2006. All political forces including civil society and professional organizations actively galvanized the people. This resulted in massive and spontaneous demonstrations and rallies held across Nepal against King Gyanendra's autocratic rule.
The people's participation was so broad, momentous and pervasive that the king feared being overthrown. On 21 April 2006, King Gyanendra declared that "power would be returned to the people". Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. This had little effect on the people, who continued to occupy the streets of Kathmandu and other towns, openly defying the daytime curfew. Finally King Gyanendra announced the reinstatement the House of Representatives, thereby conceding one of the major demands of the SPA, at midnight on 24 April 2006. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Following this action the coalition of political forces decided to call off the protests.
Twenty-one people died and thousands were injured during the 19 days of protests.
On 19 May 2006, the parliament assumed total legislative power and gave executive power to the Government of Nepal (previously known as His Majesty's Government). Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Names of many institutions (including the army) were stripped of the "royal" adjective and the Raj Parishad (a council of the King's advisors) was abolished, with his duties assigned to the Parliament itself. The activities of the King became subject to parliamentary scrutiny and the King's properties were subjected to taxation. Moreover, Nepal was declared a secular state abrogating the previous status of a Hindu Kingdom. However, most of the changes have, as yet, not been implemented. On 19 July 2006, the prime minister, G. P. Koirala, sent a letter to the United Nations announcing the intention of the Nepalese government to hold elections to a constituent assembly by April 2007. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Girija prasad Koirala (गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला born 1925 is a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a
December 2007 to May 2008: Abolition of the monarchy
On 23 December 2007, an agreement was made for the monarchy to be abolished and the country to become a federal republic with the Prime Minister becoming head of state. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state [3] Defying political pundits, who had predicted it to be trounced in the April 2008 elections, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) became the largest party amidst a general atmosphere of fear and intimidation from all sides[4] A federal republic was established in May 2008, with only four members of the 601-seat Constituent Assembly voting against the change,[5] which ended 240 years of royal rule in Nepal. An election for a Constituent Assembly was held in Nepal on 10 April 2008 after having been postponed from earlier dates of 20 June The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party The government announced a public holiday for three days, (May 28—May 30), to celebrate the country becoming a federal republic. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
Executive branch
| Office | Name | Party | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acting President | Girija Prasad Koirala | Congress | 15 January 2007 |
| Prime Minister | Girija Prasad Koirala | Congress | 25 April 2006 |
Legislative branch
Pre-2006
From 1991 to 2002 the Parliament (Sansad) had two chambers. The position of President of Nepal (राष्ट्रपति constitutes the Head of State of Nepal and was created after the country was declared a republic Girija prasad Koirala (गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला born 1925 is a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a The Nepali Congress is a Nepalese Political party. It is led by Girija Prasad Koirala. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The position of Prime Minister of Nepal was created in 1799 Few of Nepal's Prime Ministers have carried a democratic mandate Girija prasad Koirala (गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला born 1925 is a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a The Nepali Congress is a Nepalese Political party. It is led by Girija Prasad Koirala. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. During the 1990 Constitution Nepal had a two chamber Parliament ( Sansad) The House of Representatives ( Pratinidhi Sabha In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha) had 205 members elected for five year term in single-seat constituencies. A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures goals or loyalty The National Council (Rashtriya Sabha) had 60 members, 35 members elected by the Pratinidhi Sabha, 15 representatives of Regional Development Areas and 10 members appointed by the king. Parliament was subsequently dissolved by the king in 2002 on the pretext that it was incapable of handling the Maoists rebels.
From Loktantra Andolan to the Constituent Assembly
After the victory of Loktantra Andolan in the spring of 2006, a unicameral interim legislature replaced the previous parliament. On January 15 2007 the Pratinidhi Sabha, the legislature of Nepal, was dissolved and a new Interim legislature was formed The new body consists both of members of the old parliament as well as nominated members. As of December 2007, the legislature had the following composition. [6]
The first democratic elections: the Constituent Assembly
In May 2008 the first democratic elections made the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) the largest party in the legislature. The Nepali Congress is a Nepalese Political party. It is led by Girija Prasad Koirala. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist, also known as CPN-UML, CPN(UML, is one of the largest Communist parties in Nepal The Rastriya Prajatantra Party ( National Democratic Party) is a Nepalese political party Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi is a Political party in Nepal. Janamorcha Nepal (जनमोर्चा नेपाल "People's Front Nepal" was founded in 2002 as the mass organisation and electoral front of the Communist Party Nepal Workers Peasants Party (नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी abbreviated नेमकिपा is a communist Political party Rastriya Janamorcha (राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा 'National People's Front' abbreviated राजमो rajamo) is a Political party in United Left Front (संयुक्त बाम मोर्चा a joint front of Nepalese communist parties Communist Party of Nepal (Unified (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकिकृत is a Communist party in Nepal. Rastriya Janashakti Party is a Political party in Nepal, led by former Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa. An election for a Constituent Assembly was held in Nepal on 10 April 2008 after having been postponed from earlier dates of 20 June The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party
Political parties
Since the late 1940s, Nepalese politics has been a contest for power between three separate political streams; Congress, communists and royalists. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party The Nepali Congress is a Nepalese Political party. It is led by Girija Prasad Koirala. The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist, also known as CPN-UML, CPN(UML, is one of the largest Communist parties in Nepal Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum Nepal or Madhesi People's Rights Forum Nepal is a Political party in Nepal. Tarai-Madhesh Loktantrik Party (तराई-मधेश लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी is a Political party in Nepal, formed by former Sadbhavana Party is a Political party in Nepal. The party emerged out of a major split in the Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi in the summer of 2007 The Rastriya Prajatantra Party ( National Democratic Party) is a Nepalese political party Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist, a Political party in Nepal formed by C Janamorcha Nepal (जनमोर्चा नेपाल "People's Front Nepal" was founded in 2002 as the mass organisation and electoral front of the Communist Party Communist Party of Nepal (United is a Political party in Nepal. Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal is a Right-wing, Conservative, and Royalist, Political party in Nepal, a splinter group of the Rastriya Janamorcha (राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा 'National People's Front' abbreviated राजमो rajamo) is a Political party in Nepal Workers Peasants Party (नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी abbreviated नेमकिपा is a communist Political party Rastriya Janashakti Party is a Political party in Nepal, led by former Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa. Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch is a Political party in Nepal. Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi is a Political party in Nepal. Rastriya Janamukti Party (National Emancipation Party is a Political party in Nepal. Communist Party of Nepal (Unified (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकिकृत is a Communist party in Nepal. Dalit Janajati Party is a Political party in Nepal. In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, the party won 1 seat through the Proportional Representation Samajbadi Prajatantrik Janata Party Nepal (समाजवादी प्रजातान्त्रिक जनता पार्टी नेपाल is a Political party Chure Bhawar Rastriya Ekta Party Nepal is a Political party in Nepal. Nepal Loktantrik Samajbadi Dal is a Political party in Nepal. Nepal Parivar Dal ('Nepal Family Party' is a Political party in Nepal. The constitution of Nepal provides for a Multi-party system The parties The general rule on naming applies Since the advent of legal party politics after the 1990 Jana Andolan, all three streams have gone through various processes of divisions and mergers.
- Congress: The Nepali Congress is a moderate socialist party, built up around the Koirala family. The Nepali Congress is a Nepalese Political party. It is led by Girija Prasad Koirala. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Has historically advocated constitutional monarchy for Nepal, but has recently accepted the idea of transforming Nepal into a republic. Between 2002 and 2007, Sher Bahadur Deuba led an important splinter-group, Nepali Congress (Democratic). Sher Bahadur Deuba' (शेरबहादुर देउबा born June 13, 1946) is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister. Nepali Congress (Democratic was a Political party of Nepal, which was formed due to vertical split of Nepali Congress On September 25, 2007 NC(D) and NC re-unified. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- Communists: The Communist Party of Nepal was established in 1949. The Communist Party of Nepal (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी was founded in Calcutta, India, on April 29, 1949 The party was splintered into a plethora of different factions during the 1960s and 1970s. In the early 1990s, two important unification processes took place, with the moderate sectors of the communist movement forming the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) whereas more radical sectors formed the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre). The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist, also known as CPN-UML, CPN(UML, is one of the largest Communist parties in Nepal Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre, was a Communist party in Nepal. CPN(UML) became a major parliamentary force. CPN(UC) was divided in 1994, with one faction forming a group that would become the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party Today, in between CPN(UML) and CPN(Maoist) are various smaller communist groups, out of whom five have parliamentary representation.
- Royalists: When multiparty politics began, elements of the previous regime formed the Rashtriya Prajatantra Party. The Rastriya Prajatantra Party ( National Democratic Party) is a Nepalese political party The RPP became the third force in parliamentary politics during the 1990s, and an important partner in various governing coalitions, it was ridden by divisions. Presently the main RPP and one splinter-group, Rashtriya Janashakti Party are represented in the parliament. Rastriya Janashakti Party is a Political party in Nepal, led by former Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa.
Judicial branch
The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court (Sarbochha Adalat), appellate courts, and various district courts. The Supreme Court of Nepal is the highest Court in the Nepalese Judicial system. Court of Appeal, Court of Appeals, and Appellate Division redirect here for a list of specific courts using those titles see Court of Appeal A trial court or court of first instance is the Court in which most civil or criminal cases begin The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court was appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges were appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council.
Nepal's judiciary is legally separate from the executive and legislative branches and has increasingly shown the will to be independent of political influence. The judiciary has the right of judicial review under the constitution. The king appointed the chief justice and all other judges to the supreme, appellate, and district courts upon the recommendation of the Judicial Council. All lower court decisions, including acquittals, are subject to appeal. The Supreme Court is the court of last appeal. The king could grant pardons and suspend, commute, or remit any sentence by any court.
International organization participation
AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)
Further reading
Jonathan Gregson. Asian Development Bank (ADB is a regional development bank established in 1966 to promote economic and social development in Asian and Pacific countries through loans and technical The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ( UNESCAP or ESCAP) located in Bangkok, Thailand, is the regional arm of the The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD is one of five institutions that comprise the World Bank Group. The International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO) an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one History Founding In 1919 representatives from the National Red Cross Societies of Britain France Italy Japan and the US came together in Paris to found the League The International Labour Organization The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic Intelsat Ltd is the world’s largest commercial Satellite communications services provider The International Criminal Police Organization, better known by its telegraphic address Interpol is an organization facilitating international police cooperation The Mission of the United Nations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC abbreviated MONUC (a French Acronym for M ission The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW is an international agency located in The Hague, The Netherlands. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC) is an economic and political organization of eight countries in Southern Asia. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, or UNIFIL, was created by the United Nations, with the adoption of Security Council Resolution The United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina ( UNMIBH) is an International organization formed under the United Nations Security Council The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is the interim civilian administration in Kosovo, under the authority of the United UN Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP was established on 15 January 1996 as a peacekeeping mission to monitor the demilitarization of the disputed The United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan ( UNMOT) was a Peacekeeping mission established by the United Nations Security Council in December The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET provided an interim civil administration and a peacekeeping mission in the territory of East Timor, The Universal Postal Union ( UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is an International organization that coordinates postal policies among member WFTU-AM is a College radio station on Long Island operated by Five Towns College in Dix Hills New York. The World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO) is one of the 16 specialized agencies of the United Nations. The United Nations World Tourism Organization ( UNWTO) headquartered in Madrid, Spain, is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating 2002. Massacre at the Palace: The Doomed Royal Dynasty of Nepal. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 0-7868-6878-3. (Note that Gregson finds the official story of the royal killings plausible while many in Nepal do not. )
References
- ^ Nepal's monarchy abolished, republic declared AFP, 2008-05-28
- ^ Nepal Summary, OHCHR. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
- ^ Gurubacharya, Binaj. "Nepal to Abolish Monarchy", Time, 2007-12-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Retrieved on 2007-12-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht.
- ^ "The Maoists triumph", The Economist.
- ^ Nepal votes to abolish monarchy BBC News, 2008-05-28
- ^ "Interim parliament endorses Interim Constitution-2063", NepalNews. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling com, 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Retrieved on 2007-12-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht.
External links
- The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 (2007)
- The Constitution of The Kingdom of Nepal, 2047 (1990) (terminated by the Interim Constitution)
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